1、2016年6月英語四級真題第三套（文字版整理）PartIWriting（30minutes）Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoexpressyourthankstooneofyourfriendswhohelpedyoumostwhenyouwereindifficulty.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIIReadingComprehension（40minutes）SectionASignsbarringcell-phon

2、euseareafamiliarsighttoanyonewhohasinahospitalwaitingroom.Butthe_(26)popularityofelectroniceversatmedicalrecordshasforcedhospital-baseddoctorstobecome_(27)oncomputersthroughouttheday,anddesktops-whichkeepdoctorsfrombesides-are_(28)givingwaytowirelessdevices.Asclericalloadsincreased,somethinghadto_(2

3、9),andthatwasalwaysfacetimewithpatients,saysDr.BhaktiPatel,aformerchiefresidentintheUniversityofChicagosinternal-medicineprogram.Infall2010,shehelped_(30)apilotprojectinChicagotoseeiftheiPadcouldimproveworkingconditionsandpatientcare.Theexperimentwasso_(31)thatallinternal-medicineprogramadoptedthesa

4、me_(32)in2011.MedicalschoolsatYaleandStanfordnowhavepaperless,iPad-basedcurriculums.YoullwantaniPadjustsoyoucanwearthisisthesloganforoneofthenewlabcoats_(33)withlargepocketstoaccommodatetabletcomputers.AstudyoftheUniversityofChicagoiPadprojectfoundthatpatientsgottestsand_(34)fasteriftheywerecaredfor

5、byiPad-equippedresidents.Manypatientsalso_(35)abetterunderstandingoftheillnessesthatlandedtheminthehospitalinthefirstplace.A.dependentB.designedC.fastD.flyingE.gainedF.giveG.growingH.launchI.policyJ.prospectK.ratherL.reliableM.signalN.successfulO.treatmentsSectionBAncientGreekWisdomInspiresGuideline

6、stoGoodLifeAIsitpossibletoenjoyapeacefullifeinaworldthatisincreasinglychallengedbythreatsanduncertaintiesfromwars,terrorism,economiccrisesandawidespreadoutbreakofinfectiousdiseases?Theanswerisyes,accordingtoanewbookThe10GoldenRules:AncientWisdomfromtheGreekPhilosophersonLivingaGoodLife.Thebookisco-a

7、uthoredbyLongIslandUniversitysphilosophyprofessorMichaelSoupiosandeconomicsprofessorPanosMourdoukoutas.ThewisdomoftheancientGreekphilosophersistimeless,saysSoupios.Thephilosophyprofessorsaysitisasrelevanttodayaswhenitwasfirstwrittenmanycenturiesago.Thereisnoexpiration(無效)dateonwisdom,hesaysThereisno

8、shelflifeonintelligence.Ithinkthatthingshavebecomeverygloomytheseday,lotsofmisunderstanding,misleadingcues,alotofwhattheancientswouldhavecalledsophistry(狡辯).ThenicethingaboutancientphilosophyasofferedbytheGreeksisthattheytendedtoseelifeclearandwhole,inawaythatwetendnottoseelifetoday.ExamineyourlifeS

9、oupies,alongwithhisco-authorPanosMourdoukoutas,developedtheir10goldenrulesbyturningtothemenbehindthatphilosophy-Aristotle,Socrates,EpictetusandPythagoras,amongothers.Thefirstrule-examineyourlife-isthecommonthreadthatrunsthroughtheentirebook.SoupiossaysthatitisbasedonPlatosobservationthattheunexamine

10、dlifeisnotworthliving.TheGreekarealwaysconcernedaboutboxingthemselvesin,intermsofconvictions(信念),hesays.Sotakeastepback,switchofftheautomaticpilotandactuallystopandreflectaboutthingslikeourpriorities,ourvalues,andourrelationships.StopworryingaboutwhatyoucannotcontrolDAswebegintoexamineourlife,Soupio

11、ssays,wecometoRuleNo.2:Worryonlyaboutthingsthatyoucancontrol.TheindividualwhopromotedthisideawasaStoicphilosopherHisnameisEpictetus,hesays.AndwhattheStoicssayingeneralissimplythis.Thereisalargerplaninlife.Youarenotreallygoingtobeabletounderstandallofthedimerisionsofthisplan.Youarenotgoingtobeabletoc

12、ontrolthedimensionsofthisplan.ESo,Soupiosexplains,itisnotworthittowasteourphysical,intellectualandspiritualenergyworryingaboutthingsthatarebeyondourcontrol.IcannotcontrolwhetherornotIwindupgettingthediseaseswineflu,forexample.Hesays.Imean,therearesomecautioussteps.Icantake,butultimatelyIcannotguaran

13、teemyselfthat.SowhatEpictetuswouldsayissittingathomeworryingaboutthatwouldbewrongandwasterfulandirrational.Youshouldliveyourlifeattemptingtoidentifyandcontrolthosethingswhichyoucangenuinelycontrol.SeektruepleasureFTohaveameaningful,happylifeweneedfriends.ButaccordingtoAristotle-astudentofPlatoandtea

14、cherofAlexandertheGreat-mostrelationshipsdontqualifyastruefriendships.JustbecauseIhaveabusinessrelationshipwithanindividualandIcanprofitfromthatrelationship,itdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthispersonismyfriend.Soupiossays.Realfriendshipiswhentwoindividualssharethesamesoul.Itisabeautifulanduncharacterist

15、icallypocticimagethatAristotleoffers.GInourpursuitofthegoodlife,hesays,itisimportanttoseekouttruepleasures-advicewhichwasoriginallyofferedbyEpicurus.ButunlikethemoderndefinitionofEpicureanismasalifeofindulgence(放縱)andluxury,fortheancientGreeks,itmeantfindingastateofcalm,peaceandmentalcase.HThiswasth

16、ehighestandmostdesirableformofpleasureandhappinessfortheancientEpicureans.Soupiossays.Thisissomethingthatisverymuchwellworthconsideringhereinthemodernera.Idonotthinkthatwespendnearlyenoughtimetryingtoconcentrateonachievingasortofcalmness,asortofcontentmentinmentalandspiritual,whichwasidentifiedbythe

17、sepeopleasthegighestformofhappinessandpleasure.DogoodtoothersIOthergoldenrulescounselustomasterourselves,toavoidexcessandnottobeaprosperous(起家的)fool.Therearealsorulesdealingwithinterpersonalrelationships.Bearesponsiblehumanbeinganddonotdoevilthingstoothers.JThisisHesiod,ofcourse,ayoungercontemporary

18、poet,webelieve,withHomer,Soupiossays.Hesiodoffersanidea-whichyouveryoftenfindinsomeofthewordsgreatreligions,intheJudeo-ChristiantraditionandinIslamanothers-thatinsomesense,whenyouhurtanotherhumanbeing,youhurtyourself.Thatdamagingotherpeopleinyourcommunityandinyourlife,trashingrelationships,resultsin

19、akindofself-inflicted(自己導致)spiritualwound.KInstead,Soupiossays,ancientwisdomurgesustodogood.GoldenRuleNo.10foragoodlifeisthatkindnesstowardotherstendstoberewarded.LThisisAesop,thefabulist(寓言家),themanofthesecharminglittletales,oftentoldintermsofanimalsandanimalrelationships.Hesays.IthinkwhatAesopwass

20、uggestingisthatwhenyouofferagoodturntoanotherhumanbeing.Onecanhopethatthatgooddeedwillcomebackandsortofpayaprofittoyou,thedoerofthegooddeed.Evenifthereisnoconcretebenefitpaidinresponsetoyougooddeed.Attheveryleast,thedoerofthegooddeedhastheopportunitytoenjoyakindofspirituallyenlightenedmoment.MSoupio

21、ssayfollowingthe10GoldenRulesbasedonancientwisdomcanguideustothepathofthegoodlifewherewestoplivingasonlookersandbecomeengagedandhappierhumanbeings.Andthat,henotes,isalifeworthliving.36.AccordingtoanancientGreekphilosopher,itisimpossibleforustounderstandeveryaspectofourlife.37.AncientPhilosopherssawl

22、ifeinadifferentlightfrompeopleoftoday.38.Notallyourbusinesspartnersareyoursoulmates.49.Wecanliveapeacefullifedespitethevariouschallengesofthemodernworld.40.Thedoerofagooddeedcanfeelspirituallyrewardedevenwhentheygainnoconcretebenefits.41.Howtoachievemeatalcalmnessandcontentmentiswellworthourconsider

23、ationtoday.42.MichaelSoupiossuggeststhatweshouldstopandthinkcarefullyaboutourprioritiesinlife.43.Ancientphilosophersstronglyadvisethatwedogood.44.ThewiseteachingsofancientGreekthinkersaretimeless,andareapplicabletocontemporarylife.45.Doharmtoothersandyoudoharmtoyourself.SectionCPassageOneAttitudesto

24、wardnewtechnologiesoftenalonggenerationallines.Thatis,generally,youngerpeopletendtooutnumberolderpeopleonthefrontendofatechnologicalshift.Itisnotalwaysthecase,though.Whenyoulookatattitudestowarddriverlesscars,theredoesntseemtobeacleargenerationaldivide.Thepublicoverallissplitonwhethertheydliketousea

25、driverlesscar.Inastudylastyear,ofallpeoplesurveyed,48percentsaidtheywantedtorideinone,while50percentdidnot.Thefacethatattitudestowardself-drivingcarsappeartobesosteadyacrossgenerationssuggestshowtransformativetheshifttodriverlesscarscouldbe.Noteveryonewantsadriverlesscarnow-andnoonecangetoneyet-buta

26、mongthosewhoareopentothem,everyagegroupissimilarlyengaged.Actually,thisisntsurprising.Whereasoldergenerationsaresometimereluctanttoadoptnewtechnologies,driverlesscarspromiserealvaluetotheseagegroupsinparticular.Olderadults,especiallythosewithlimitedmobilityordifficultydrivingontheirown,areoneofthecl

27、assicuseeasesfordriverlesscars.Thisisespeciallyinterestingwhenyouconsiderthatyoungerpeoplearegenerallymoreinterestedintravel-relatedtechnologiesthanolderones.Whenitcomestodriverlesscars,differencesinattitudearemorepronouncedbasedonfactorsnotrelatedtoage.Collegegraduates,forexample,areparticularlyint

28、erestedindriverlesscarscomparedwiththosewhohavelesseducation,59percentofcollegegraduatessaidtheywouldliketouseadriverlesscarcomparedwith38percentofthosewithahigh-schooldiplomaorless.Whereapersonlivesmatters,too.Morepeoplewholivesincitiesandsuburbssaidtheywantedtotrydriverlesscarsthanthosewholivedinr

29、uralareas.Whiletheresreasontobelievethatinterestinself-drivingcarsisgoingupacrosstheboard,apersonsagewillhavelittletodowithhowself-drivingcarscanbebecomingmainstream.Oncedriverlesscaresareactuallyavailableforsafe,theearlyadopterswillbethepeoplewhocanaffordtobuythem.46.Whathappenswhenanewtechnologyem

30、erges?A.Itfurtherwidensthegapbetweentheoldandtheyoung.B.Itoftenleadstoinnovationsinotherrelatedfields.C.Itcontributegreatlytotheadvanceofsocietyasawhole.D.Itusuallydrawsdifferentreactionsfromdifferentagegroups.47.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthedriverlesscar?A.Itdoesnotseemtocreateagenerationaldivide.B.

31、Itwillnotnecessarilyreduceroadaccidents.C.Itmaystartarevolutioninthecarindustry.D.Ithasgivenrisetounrealisticexpectations.48.Whydoesthedriverlesscarappealtosomeoldpeople?A.Itsavestheirenergy.B.Ithelpswiththeirmobility.C.Itaddstothesafetyoftheirtravel.D.Itstirsuptheirinterestinlife.49.Whatislikelytoa

32、ffectonesattitudetowardthedriverlesscar?A.Thelocationoftheirresidence.B.TheamountoftheirspecialinterestC.Theamountoftrainingtheyreceived.D.Thelengthoftheirdrivingexperience.50.Whoarelikelytobethefirsttobuythedriverlesscar?A.Thesenior.B.Theeducated.C.TheweaIthy.D.Thetechfans.PassageTwoInagrarian(農業的)

33、,pre-industrialEurope,youdwanttowakeupearly,startworkingwiththesunrise,haveabreaktohavethelargestmeal,andthenyoudgobacktowork,saysKenAlbala,aprofessorofhistoryattheUniversityofthePacific,Later,at5or6,youdhaveasmallersupper.Thiscomfortablecycle,inwhichtherhythmsofrhythmsofthemeals,gaverisetothecustom

34、ofthewiththeextendedfamily,MealarethefoundationofCouniban.aprofessoratMillersvilleUniversityinthedayhelpedshapethelargemiddaymeal,eatenthefamily,saysCarolePeensylvania,sotherewasaveryimportantinterconnectionbetweeneatingtogetherandstrength-eatingfamilyties.Sinceindustrialization,maintainingsuchaslow

35、culturalmetabolismhasbeenmuchharder.Withthelongmiddaymealshrinkingtowhatevercouldbestuffedintoalunchbucketorboughtatafoodstand.Certainly,therewerebenefits.Moderntechniquesforproducingandshippingfoodledtogreatervarietyandquantity,includingatremendous,increaseintheamountofanimalproteinanddairyproducts

36、available,makingusmorevigorousthanourancestors.Yetplentyhasbeenlosttoo,eveninculturesthatstilllivetoeat.TakeItaly.ItsnosecretthattheMediterraneandietishealthy,butitwasalsoajoytoprepareandcat.Italians,saysCounihan,traditionallybeganthedaywithasmallmeal.Thebigmealcameataround1p.m.Inbetweenthemiddaymea

37、landalate,smallerdinnercameasmallsnack.Today,whentimezoneshavelessandlessmeaning,thereislittletoleranceforofficesclosingforlunch,andworseningtrafficincitiesmeansworkerscantmakeithomeandbackfastenoughanyway.Sotheformerlysmallsupperaftersundownbecomesthebigmealoftheday.theonlyoneatwhichthefamilyhasach

38、ancetogettogether.TheeveningmealcarriesthefullburdenthatusedtobespreadovertwomealssaysCounihan.51.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutpeopleinpre-industrialEurope?A.Theyhadtoworkfromearlymorningtilllateatnight.B.Theyweresobusyworkingthattheyonlyatesimplemeals.C.Theirdailyroutinefollowedtherhythmofthenat

39、uralcycle.D.Theirlifewasmuchmorecomfortablethanthatoftoday.52.WhatdoesProfessorCaroleCounihansayabout.pre-industrialEuropeanfamilieseatingmealstogether?A.Itwashelpfultomaintaininganationstradition.B.Itbroughtfamilymemberscloserstoeachother.C.Itwascharacteristicoftheagrarianculture.D.Itenabledfamilie

40、stosavealotofmoney.53.Whatdoesculturalmetabolism(Line1,Para.3)referto?A.Evolutionaryadaptation.B.Changesinlifestyle.C.Socialprogress.D.Paceoflife.54.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthefoodpeopleeattoday?A.Itsqualityisusuallyguaranteed.B.Itisvaried,abundantandnutritious.C.Itismorecostlythanwhatourancestorsat

41、e.D.Itsproductiondependstoomuchontechnology.55.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutItaliansoftheolddays.A.Theyenjoyedcookingaswellaseating.B.Theyateabigdinnerlateintheevening.C.Theyatethreemealsregularlyeveryday.D.Theywereexpertatcookingmeals.PartIVTranslation（30minutes）Directions：Forthispart，youareallowed30mi

42、nutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish。YoushouldwriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET2。烏鎮是浙江的一座古老水鎮，坐落在京杭大運河邊。這是一處迷人的地方，有很多古橋、中式酒店和餐館。在過去的一千年里，烏鎮的水系和生活方式并未經歷多少變化，是一座顯現古文明的博物館。烏鎮全部房子都用石木建筑。數百年來，當地人沿著河邊建起了住所和市集。無數寬闊漂亮的庭院安身于屋舍之間，旅客們每到一處都會有欣喜的發現。參照答案參照范文：DearMary，IwouldliketotakethisopportunitytoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudetoyouforyourhelpwhenIwasindifficulty。Youhavebeenverykindandhelpfulsincewekneweachother。Lastweek，Icaughtabadcoldandhadtostayathomeforaweek。WhenIwasworryingaboutthelessons，youcametomyhomeafterschoolandhelpedmewitheverysubj