1、告檢測(cè)： A09F173A64FD4866A0B726C8705AC856 文檔字?jǐn)?shù)： 檢測(cè)時(shí)間： 2017-04-26檢測(cè)范圍： 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，中文期刊庫(kù)（報(bào)刊報(bào)紙數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)等庫(kù)（），?？傁嗨票龋?18.1率之和檢測(cè)指標(biāo)： 自寫率 81.9%復(fù)寫率 率 告檢測(cè)： A09F173A64FD4866A0B726C8705AC856 文檔字?jǐn)?shù)： 檢測(cè)時(shí)間： 2017-04-26檢測(cè)范圍： 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，中文期刊庫(kù)（報(bào)刊報(bào)紙數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)等庫(kù)（），?？傁嗨票龋?18.1率之和檢測(cè)指標(biāo)： 自寫率 81.9%復(fù)寫率 率 1告21論他們眼望上蒼中對(duì)種族的雙重描2閱讀理解題目知03-道客巴04詞匯之探5678他們眼望上蒼的存在9婷

2、女性文學(xué)中的姐妹情誼探析告21論他們眼望上蒼中對(duì)種族的雙重描2閱讀理解題目知03-道客巴04詞匯之探5678他們眼望上蒼的存在9婷女性文學(xué)中的姐妹情誼探析0一個(gè)和諧的社會(huì)對(duì)紅字的生態(tài)女性赫斯頓小說中民俗研告寫片段（3本科生學(xué) 院專 業(yè)屆 告寫片段（3本科生學(xué) 院專 業(yè)屆 題 目從生態(tài)女性主義看他們眼學(xué) 教務(wù)處制HEIREYES WERE WATCHING GODFROMTHEATHESIS(ENGLISHMAJOR)YUNNANMINZUFOR THEDEGREE OFLIQING 女性敘事學(xué)視角下的簡(jiǎn)薩默闡珍妮的個(gè)性化進(jìn)程-告4告4MALIN大(設(shè)計(jì)(設(shè)計(jì))期： 年 月 后應(yīng)遵守日期： 年

3、月Iwouldliketoexpressmygratitudetoallthosewhohelpedme.AprofoundacknowledgementshouldbeshowntomysupervisorProf.MaLin,duringtheproMoreover, myspeFinally, Id like to give mysincerenks to my parents and the teacherswho taught meyundergraduatestudyyears.heir Eyes Were Watching God FromtheZoraNeale Hurston

4、,asacontemporaryblackfemalewriter,playsasignificantrole ecologicalequilibrium and gender equalityheirEyesWereWatchingGod,expressingherspecificecofeministviewposclearly through the novel.ysisand through anysis of the connection betn human and nature, male and female, the praimsatrevealingJaniesenligh

5、tenedand naturalviewofmarriageand maturesaspart ofherviewofthe nature,and theeco-feminismt seeksequality and harmony betnmenandwomenandadvocateswomenemancipationandtheliberation of 告5告5摘 要女性作家尼爾 佐拉 赫斯頓在物，和自然說話。赫斯頓通作品一生都在追。赫斯頓在他們眼望上蒼中表達(dá)出她想建立一個(gè)生態(tài)平衡，男的和諧世界，通過小說鮮明地闡述:生態(tài)女性主義；他們眼望上蒼TOC o 1-3 h z u摘 要1.3Li

6、teratureReview4TheConceptofWomenandnWomenand告6告6 This thesis putsemphasis on the in-depnalysisoftheeJaniesgrownd three marriages. It revealsthe pros of naturewakingJanief-awarenessandfeminist t is, the pros ofJaniesview of marriage develo,and Hurstonsecofeminism thoughtwhichseeksequalityand harmonyb

7、etnmenandwomenandadvocates women emancipation and theliberation ofnature. Theauthor usesecofeminism theorytoyze the inner connection betn women and natureTheresearethod of this thesisisysis,whichresearcherscancorrectlyexploretheproblemstoberesearchedbyconsulting,identifyingandprosingtherelevant lite

8、ratures.Throughthisresearch,theauthorwantstoconveyHurstonsecofeministideastothereaders,andencouragewomentofightagainstoppresandecologicalequilibrium.Hurstonwasborn onJanuary7,1891， he town ofEatonville,Florida,where onlyblack peoplelived.rstonspentherchildhoodwithoutobviousra ldiscrimination.Herfath

9、er wasalocalpriest,andthenlaterbecamethemayor,andhermotherwasacountryschoolteacher.InHurstonsautobiography,shesaid thermotherencouragedher“jumpatdesun”（jump at thesun）at anychance. In her motherseyes,little Hurstonwasa naiveand happygirl.But her carefree childhood ended in her nineyearsoldwhen her m

10、other died.From then on,Hurstonwasforced toleaveher hometown,thenshelodged in her relativeshouse. With her ownwords,shebecamea blackgirlfrom Zora ofEatonvillesuddenly.Shebegan tofeelthe existenceofra ldifferenceanddiscrimination.Inordertoacquiretheirfinan laidforherliving,Hurstonlearnedhowtopleaseth

11、ewhitepeople.Atfourteenyearsoldsheworkedasassistantforatravelingtheatricalcompany,soshehad tobegoliveanindependentandwanderinglife.Shecould onlyattendschoolWhenHurstonwasinuniversity,shereadlotsofworldliteratures,whichinfluencedherliterarywriting.Duringheruniversitydaysshebegantowriteforthecuslitera

12、rymagazine.Her writer. In 1925, she came tcentury. Hurstonsstudieshis period,espellyhercontactwithBoas,hadgreatinfluenceonherliterarycareer.Justlikewhatshewrote 告7告7Some important critics of Harlem Renaissance proinsisted on non-politicalliterature,sosherejected to connectherworkswinyideology.Hursto

13、ndidnotwanttoimprovethes usofherracethroughwriting,becausetheblackpeople had been already improved by themselves in her eyes.So in her novelsshe didntviolentlyagainstrace discrimination.Langston Hughesdcted Hurstonasbeingpopularwiththe whitepeopleracefor them,shediditinsucharacyfashion.To manyherwhi

14、tefriends,on doubt,shewasrfectdarkiehe nice meaning they give the termt is a native, childlike, shumorous,and highlycolored Negro.” (Hughes1993:238) When Nan HugginsdeliberatedthestandardsofliterarystudyofHarlemRenaissance,hebe vedt Hurston exploited herselfand popular ralstereotypesto kentouchwithh

15、erwhitepatrons.Hesaid:“Hurstonseemedtothriveon.dependency.Hercharacterorperhapsherstylemadeherothe exuberantpagantpleasedherwhitefriends.”(Huggin1971:130)Bylate1940s,Hurstonsworksweredifficulttobepublished.he 1950s, she had to return to her hometown.1960s,shediedandwasburiedatanunmarkedgraveinherhom

16、etown.Hurston,ageniusoftheSouth,novelist,folklorist,anthropologist,1901-1960.”(Walker1983:307)RobertE.HemenwaysZoraNealeHurstonALiteraryBiographywasthestudy Hurstonslifeandworkssystemically,which brought Hurston backHurstonasanimportantwriterwhoinfluenceddeeplyallkindsofcomplexionalandculturalwriter

17、sandreadersoftwogenerationseast.Espean invaluablegift. Iftherehad been no HurstonsJanieand Phoebe,therewere no ToniMorrisonla and Alice Walkers CeheAfro-American Noveland ItsTradition,Bernard W.Bellbe vedt one of three highest prestige African-American novelsand romstorieswasTheir Eyes Were Watching

18、God. Zola Neal Hurston was born in Eatonville, theblacktownhe UnitedS es,andspentherchildhood there.Eatonville did nove awhite man,rstonschildhoodwasspent inaracistenvironment.However,afterhermothersdeath,shefeltthehardshipandral discrimination and oppresof her life.But shewas notmothersdesireto cul

19、tivategreatambition.Andshebecameanactivemember ofthe HarlemRenaissanceandaworker dedicated to collectAmerican blackfolklore.rstonreflected theseuniqueexperienthrough theliterarycreation.TheirEyes Were WatchingGod isa1937 noveland the best knownwork byAfrican-Americanwriter Zora Neale Hurston. The no

20、vel narratesmain characterJanie Crawfords“ripening bomestorealizeshehastofindoutaboutlifefuhtheyselves(forherself),justaspeoplecanonlygo-to-Godforthemselves.SetincentralandsouthernFlorida heearly20thcentury, thenovelwasinitiallypoorlyreceivedforitsrejectionofra lupliftliteraryprescriptions.Today,i s

21、cometoberegardedasaseminalworkinbo frican-Americanliteratureand oysis.” With so many new discipliTheir Eyes Were Watching God achieved growing prominencehelastseveraldecades.Itis nowfirmlyestablishedhe HYPERLINKo告8告8LiteratureReviewresearchwereasmuchas70besidesalarge number ofprs, ( Onlyknown bythe

22、data,itisinevitablet there are some omisothe21stcentury,therearealmostsomenewworks Rereadingthe Harlem Renaissance:Race，Class, and GenderheFiction ofJessieFauset,Zora Neale Hurston,and DorothyWesr,2002;MartinJaptoksson Womens Writers, 2003; And DianaWomen,&testimonythroughthefeministview,andregarded

23、itasthereferenceoflaterAmericanfeministworks.he1990s, more criticsyzed itfrom theofculturalcriticism and cross-cultural studies.SandraBauchte-Parquez praised the novel as ahe ritualsand namingforoftheproblem;JosephWuerandMichaelOkeWardsawthisbookasarepresen ive,whichrepresentsaclassicexclutherightto

24、speak,African-Americanliteraturetraditionsandculturalcriticism,andarguedaseriousdiscusofthe distinctiveAfrican American aestheticsshownhis novel,which deprives theer ofthe dominant discourseand thushighlightsthe pros ofblack cultural construction. Other criticssee thiswork asa modern novelPublishing

25、HousepublishedABriefHistoryofAmericanLiteratureandspentnearlyapagework on Hurstonsresearch.Besides, the number ofdomestic prson TheirEyesWere WatchingGod isincreasingralyin recent years.LiXiuzhi(2008)heir Eyes Were Watching God discussed about the novelseJanie,whograduallygrewupandachievedthepursuit

26、forfreedomofmarriageafterthreemarriages,keup and choosing, eventually breakingthe heavyyoke on the blackwomen and settingup a brand-newimage andality. Hu Jiajia (2013)hearticleJaniesAwakeningofFemale heir Eyes Were Watching God from theofMarxistfeministyzed Janiesgrowth, showingJaniebordinates usand

27、herawakeningoffemale nder the oppresofpatriarchalsociety.TheirEyesWereWatchingGodisaclassicworkofZoraNealeHurston,anditreputesasa tone hehistoryofAfrican-Americanliterature.Thisp r yzestheview of marriage from the Ecofeminism describes movementsand philosophiestlinkfeminismwithecology.Thismovementse

28、ekstoeradicateallformsofsoenvironment.Thetermisbe vedtohavebeencoinedbytheFrenchwriterFranoisedEaubonneinherbookLeFminismeoulaMort(1974).Fromargumentst there are particular and significant connectionsbetn women and nature, ecofeminism relates the oppresanddominationofallsubordinategroups(women,peopl

29、eofcolor,children,thepoor)tothe告9告9and domination ofnature(animals,land,water,air,etc.).Allofthesesubordinategroupshavebeensubjectto oppres,domination,exploi ion,and colonizationfromthe Western patriarchalsocietytemphasizesandvaluesmen.Ecofeministsbe vettheseconnectionsareillustrated through traditi

30、onally“feminine”valueand cooperation,which are present bomongwomen and in nature.Severalfeminists make the distinctiont it is not becausewomen arewomen or “feminine”ttheyrelateto nature.Rather,itisbecauseoftheirsimilars esofoppresmale-dominant force. The marginalizing of these groups is even evident

31、discourseslinkwomenspecificallytotheenvironmentbecauseoftheirtraditionalsolroleasa nurturer and caregiver.Justasthereareseveraldifferenttypesoffeminismanddifferentbe fsheldbyfeminists,therearedifferentvers ofecofeminism. Author CharleneSpretnak arguesttherearethree main paths to ecofeminism, andstud

32、yofpoliticaltheoryaswellashistory;2)throughthebe fandstudyofnature-basedreligions;3)throughenvironmentalism.FeministandsolecologistJanetBiehlhavecriticizedecofeminismforfocusingtoomuchonamysticalconnectionbetwomen.RosemaryRadfordRuetherjoinsBiehlincritiquingthisfocusonmysticismoverworktfocuses on he

33、lwomen,butarguestspiritualityand activism can becombined effectivelyin ecofeminism.Nowadays,differentecofeministschoolsholdlotsofdifferent opinions,bute a serious mass political activity byyzingthe connection betnwomenand nature. One oftheessentialstartingpos ofecofeminism ist thesettlement ofecolog

34、icalenvironmentproblemsisinseparablefromtheemancipationofwomen.Wecannotsolveoneoftheproblemsandleavetheother.Someecofeministtheoristsargueproblems and gender inequalitiesfaced by humind are actually derived from a thinkingframeworkt people have traditionallyformed bydividingthingsoopingsides,with di

35、fferentlevels.Thehigher-levelareregardedtohavehighervaluen the lower-level, thus the higher one have theer of domination and oppresof the lower one. And the domination and oppres Natural/CulturalEcofeminismholdstwomenarerinsicallylinkedtonatureand ttraditionalfemalevirtuecanfosterakindoflessaggressi

36、veandmoresustainablelifestyle.Susan Griffinop edthePlatonicdualismwhichledmentodomesticatewomenwi nownersmindsetjustastodomesticateanimals(andnature).Shepo edout twomenmustbackto MaryDaly,advocatedtheabandonmentoftheevilmaleculture.Shethoughttmendividedwomensbody o yzablesegmentsingynecologyjustlike

37、dividingnature ovarious productionresour ,andthepur ewastocontrolnatureandwomeneventodestroythemwi llkindsofpollutions.SpiritualEcofeminismnotonlyacknowledgesthe rinsicconnectionbet nwomenandnature,butalsopo sout ttheviewofdualismprovidesthebasisformentodominate/women,andevenadvocatestheworshipofanc

38、ientgoddess.Forexle,Starhawkletthebe fwhichisbasedontheearthprovideideasandfor forthefemalemovementthroughthe uniqueexperienceofwomensbody,suchasimmanence, erconnectionandcompas a ifestyle.Society-Constructingecofeministsadvocate theweakeningofrelationship bet n natureandwomen constructed bysociety,

39、so asto avoid thestrengtheningofnature-womens 告告Thesolistecofeministch asMaria Miesand VandanaShivafrom the theorytwomen and nature are both the producers oflife arguereplace the capitalist patriarchaleconomic m, and they dctthebasicoutlineofecofeministsurviving-typesociety.Theoutlookonsurvivalofsol

40、ist ecofeminism advocatesholistic harmonious conception of nature, and strongly opestothemechanisticviewofnature.Theirviewisconducivetorealizetheharmonybetn man and nature,and it rebuildsthe relationshipbetnnatureandwomen.Atthesametime,itcorrectstheearlyecofeminismsessentialisttendency;Itdealswithth

41、edialecticalrelationshipbetwellonthebasisofrespectingnaturesandwomensvalue;Itdoesntdenythecontributionofmenheprojusticeandequalityofthecurrentglobalenvironmentaljustilmovement. The outlook on survivalofsoand providesa mworththinkingand referencingfor human beingsto correctlydealwiththerelationship b

42、etn survivaland development.WomenandnWomenandTheyoungJaniefoundthesecretofthepeartreeinanafternoonofspring.Thetimewhichwasspentunderthepeartreemakesherfeelt“Id called her to comeandgaze on a mystery”,“Itstirred her tremendously”,“Itwaslikeaflutesongfher through allherwakingmomentsand caressed herin

43、hersleep. It connected itselfwith othervaguelyfelt mattersdstruckheroutsideobservationandburiedthemselvesinherflesh.Nowtheyemergedandquestedaboutherconsciousness.”(Hurston1978:12) Theexcitementandtrembletabeewithpollenbroughttothepeartreegavehertheenlightenmentof experiencethehappinessofbeingawoman,

44、andsheproducedthedesiretobeatreeinbloomtoenjoythekissfrombees.Janiesawthe blossomingpear treeasthefema thesanctum ofa bloom actuallyisa metaphorfor thefemaodily experience, and its the original experiencet the female respect nature and theirphanyfrom nature. The pear tree When Janiewas disappoedwith

45、 marriage, the road seemed to give hervagueenlightenment. When her onceagain.Shefelt thespringscoming，asifshewammoned to the roadside. The enlightenment ofthe road became clear at this time, becauseshe heard the, and then saw “a journeywithJoe.She hopedhusbandhatred.WhenJoedied,sherealized thefraudu

46、lenceofhorizon.Shetold herselft “the biggest thingGod ever made, the horizonfor no matter howfarrson can go the horizonisstillwaybeyondyou”(Hurston1978:97)Butnext,naturesentanothermantowalkoherlifeandtemptedthebeeinherhearttosingagain.HewastheTeaCake.告告The mule mocked Janie in hertwomarriages.Afters

47、hegottheenlightenmentofmarriageunderthepeartreeandlongedforthehappinessofmarriage,shefoundt therewas no notforlovingandrespectingher,buttoorderhertowork.JaniewastotallydisappobutJoeletherdownagainwiththemule.AlthoughJoeboughtallthegoodthingsforher,shewasalsoanacsoryofJoes,which could be used toflaun

48、tJoesweal God flooded to restore the worlds order, the floodheirEyesWereWatchingGodsymbolized destruction.Floodin Christianityisoftenthesymbolofbaptism.theFloss,floodwasawayto remove the misunderstandingbetnthee and her elder brother, buta big mad dogwhen he struggled with the storm.with the dog,Jan

49、iefelt natureshatred for mind:TeaCake,AhdontspeckyouseenhiseyeslakAhdid.He Ecofeministsholdt there is a close relationship betn the oppres also dominateswomen and children,who aretaken asusefulresourwomenandnature.Andthisdominationisaninherentconceptionforthepatriarchaldominationandthemainstreamofwe

50、sterncivilization.Hurston,likemanyecofeminists,identified and challenged theerrelation of domination betn women and nature undhe novelTheirEyesWere WatchingGod, Hurstonshowedusthesexismandnaturaldiscriminationofpatriarchalsocietyspecificallyinplainwords,anddctedthea nationofmaleculturefromwomenandna

51、ture.Sheaimedto criticizeanddestructthemale-centeredideologyandanthropocentrismthroughthisnarrativeartandstrategy.Themale-dominatedblackcommunityconferredthemenrights,whi henovel,LoganandJoebothviewedwomenandnatureassomeobjectswhichwerelowern male and need to control.fullyexpressed the subsidiary an

52、d poorition ofwomen.Theytried to reinforcethemale dominancein awaytbelittledwomenandnature,andthendominatedwomenandnature,and finally built the identities ofwomen and nature whiettheirerestsandstandards.However,themenswantonrightsmadethemmorea natedevenantagonisticfromwomenand nature,asaresult,theyc

53、ouldnotachieveaharmoniousandhappymarriagewithwomen. husband,Logillicks,wasan old but sucsfulmanwith60acresofland.Janiewasmarried toLogan byhergrandmother Nanny.AtJaniewas dissenting,whiNannyso angryand sadt she slapped Janie on the face.ast,NannybeggedJanietomarryLoganinapleadingtone,soJaniehadtoacc

54、eptthemarriageindesperation.Itcanbeseen Janie didnt adhere to selfmarriage.ShefinallysteppedothemarriagehallwithLoganinhergrandmotherscarrot-and-stickefforts.告告NannydesignedthemarriageforhergranddaughterJanie.Sheplacedawomansfateonaman,whichwastakenfJanie,in ordertoavoid povertyandinsult.Shebe vedan

55、d asked her howtolove the husband. When hergrandmotherlearned abouttLoganhadneitherbeatenhernorabusedher,shetaughtJanie:“Youcomeheahwidyomouffulluh worryinmeboutlove.”(Hurston1978:23)InNannysview,ifamandidnthitorabandonawoman,thewomanshouldbesatisfied.ButJanierealizedmarriageand marriagecould not pr

56、oducelove,andshehad nevergiven up hursuitfor happiness ofmarriage.InLogansview,theroleofwomenwasjustlikea“mule”actually.JaniewasoneofhisprivatepropertiesandhewantedJanienotonlytocookhe kitchen but also workhefiled in yo place and Ahmine.” (Hurston 1978: 31) When Logan realizedtJaniewould not begrate

57、fulto him,he decided to buyamulehelp himwork,in order to pique her.Janie realizedtLogancouldntgiveherloveatall,sosheabandonedthelifeasa“mule”.Next,shewalkedotheworldofJoeStarks,andbegan thelife as“toy”. temptedJaniewinewviewoflifeandpro edtoher,shereadilycomp d,andmarriedhim hatnightwhentheyranawayt

58、ogether.However,Janiejustgotridofthelifeof“mule”, and then turned oJoes“toy”.JoewasthemayorofEatonville,soJanienaturallybecamethemayorswife.However,Janiefoundtthiskind oflifewasfarfromenoughforher.Becauseshegraduallyfoundnotseeherasanindependentexistence.Shewasmerelyone ofhisornamentsor properties.F

59、orexle,JoestipulatedtJanie must wear a scarfin public, sot other men could not teher beautifulhairexcept him. Hestressed the ownershipfor herhisway.Inhiseyes,Janiewashisprivatepropertyandshouldobeyhisorderunconditionally.The ideology of racism and sexism ho allsectors ofsociety,whiade people likeLog

60、an or Joeoutofhistastes,Janiebeganinearnesttofindherself-identityasawoman.Later,Joediedofrenaldysfunction,andthenpeoplehetownchosea“suitable”husbandforher:awealthy TwofailedmarriagesmadeJaniethinkmoreclearlyaboutwhatshereallywanted,andTeaCakewhowas12yearsyoungerher a brand newfeeling emotionally and