1、Unit 1 Friendship Period 4 Grammar Direct Speech and Indirect Speech 整體設計 淡定說課 This is the fourth teaching period of this unit. To test whether the students have grasped the important and difficult language points they learned in the las them some revision exercises. t period, the teacher should fir

2、st offer This teaching period is a grammar lesson. The students are expected to make clear the differences between Direct Speech and Indirect Sp eech and grasp the main usages of them in this period. Students often feel grammar very abstract and boring, so it is necessary to make the class lively an

3、d interesting. Exam ple sentences and grammar summary should be carefully designed so as to make it easy for students to understand and accept. In this l esson, we will first offer a supposed situation and make the students learn about the differences between Direct Spe ech and Indirect Speech. The

4、situation makes students know that when talking in our daily life sometimes we have got to use Direct Speech and sometimes we also need to use Indirect Speech. This is to help them to have the sense to connect grammar form with real situations in our daily life. If we want to express ourselves clear

5、ly and correctly, we should use aproper form of language,otherwiseotherscant understand us. That iswhy it isnecessary for us to have some knowledge in grammar. Later on, we ll show and explain the rules of these grammar items, that is to say, to make the students know how to change Direct Speech int

6、o Indirect Speech and Indirect Speech into Direct Speech. Then ask them to do exercises in Discovering useful structures, Learning about language on Page 5. It will make the students further know about the differences and grasp the usages. This also can help the students connect grammar rules with p

7、roper language forms so as to makegrammar rules less abstract. Then we will ask the students to do Exercise 1 in Using structures on Page 42. If the students have difficulty, help them and check their mistakes with the help of the grammar rules. Tell the students not just to learn some simple gramma

8、r rules but to learn and use them in practical situations. For example, my friend says, “I will express it in many differe nt ways. come here tomorrow. ”If using Indirect Speech, you can 1. If at the same time in the same place, you should say:My friend says she he will come here tomorrow. 2. If the

9、 time has changed and still in the same place, you should say:My friend said she hewould come here the next day. 3. If the place has changed and the time is still today, you should say:My friend said she hewould go there tomorrow. 4. If both the time and the place have changed, go there the next day

10、. you should say:My friend said she hewould 5. If both the time and the place have changed, the other should say:He She said he she would go there the next day. If students learn the grammar this way, it is easier for them to grasp. 教學重點 1 / 7 第 1 頁,共 7 頁Summarize the rules of Direct Speech and Indi

11、rect Speech. 教學難點 Get the students to learnabout the specialcasesinwhich the tenses shouldnt bechanged.教學方法 Discussing, summarizing and practicing 教具預備 A projector and other necessary t eaching tools 三維目標 Knowledge aims: Get the students to l earn and grasp the rules of Direct Speech and Indirect Sp

12、eech.Ability aims: Get the students to beable to use the rules to expresstheirmeaningsandretail otherscor rectly. Emotional aims: 1. Get the students not to be afraid of grammar learning. 2. Get the students to develop their sense of group cooperation. 教學過程 Step 1 Revision 1. Check the homework exer

13、cises. 2. Have a dictation to write some important words and expressions.Suggested words and expressions: upset ign ore concern loose cheat reason share nature thunder entirely go through hide away calm down set down grow crazy about on purpose face to face according to 3. Translate some sentences u

14、sing the patterns we have learned.Suggested sentences: 1）為了上課不遲到,他七點鐘就動身了； in order to 2）小明昨天沒來上學的確是由于生病了； It is. . . tha t. . . 3）這小房間里太鬧 ； far too much 4）那是我第一次到北京； Suggested answers: It is/was the first/second time/that. . . 1） In order not to be late for class, he set off at seven o clock. /He s

15、et off at seven o clock in order not to be late for class. 2） It isbecausehewasill that Xiaomingdidnt come to school. 3） There is far too much noise in the small room. 4） It was the first time that I had been to Beijing. Step 2 Lead-in Tell the class:In the last lesson, we learned Anne Franks story.

16、 She is telling her stories to two of her friends you and Mary. Mary has something wrong with her ears, so you have to repeat Anne s sentences, using Indirect speech. Sometimes you explain Mary s sentences to Anne.“I have to stay in the hidingplace.”saidAnne. Anne said she had to stay in the hiding

17、place. “Doyoufeelsadwhenyouare not able to gooutdoors.”Mary askedAnne. Mary asked Anne if/whether she felt sad when she was not able to go outdoors. “I dont want to set downaseries of facts inadiary,”saidAnne.2 / 7 第 2 頁,共 7 頁 Annesaid that shedidnt want to set downaseries of facts inadiary.“What do

18、youcallyourdiary.”Mary asked. Mary asked what she called her diary. Get the students to go on this topic by themselves. Step 3 Grammar 1. Tell the class:Now let s look at these sentences again. If we want to change Direct Speech into Indirect Speech, what should be changed. 2. Get the students discu

19、ss by themselves. Perhaps most students can find sentence structures, tenses, pronouns, adverbials of time andplace and verbs should be changed. 3. Show the students the form on the screen. These are the rules. 當我們引用別人的話時,假如我們引用別人的原話,被引用的部分就叫直接引語,一 般用 “”引起來；假如我們用自己的話把意思轉述出來,被轉述的部分稱為間接引語,間接 引語在多數情形下都

20、構成一個賓語從句； 直接引語變成間接引語時,要留意以下幾點：人稱變化, 述句語序； 時態變化,賓語從句要用陳 1）直接引語是陳述句,變成間接引語時,由連詞 that 引導； Mary said, “I am very happy to help you. ” Mary said that she was very happy to help you. 2）直接引語是一般疑問句或選擇疑問句,變成間接引語時,由連詞 whether 或 if 引 導； Heasked me, “Doyoulikeplayingbasketball.” He asked me if/whether I liked p

21、laying basketball. 留意：大多數情形下, if 和 whether 都可以用,但后面和 or not 連用時或在動詞不定式前或放在介詞后作連接詞時,一般只用 whether； She asked me whether I could do it or not. 3）直接引語是特殊疑問句,變成間接引語時,由原句的疑問詞 when, why, where 等引導； who, whom, whose, how, My sister asked me, “What doyouthink of the film.” My sister asked me what I thought o

22、f the film. 4）留意事項 （ 1間接引語一般要用陳述句的語序,即主,謂,賓的次序； Heasked Lucy, “Wherehaveyoubeen.” He asked Lucy where she had been.Mary said, “What do you want, Ann. ” Mary asked Ann what she wanted. （ 2直接引語是客觀事實,真理,規律等,變成間接引語時,時態不變； The teacher told his students, “The earth goes round the sun. ” The teacher told h

23、is students that the earth goes round the sun. （ 3直接引語變間接引語時,指示代詞,時間狀語,地點狀語等要作相應的變化； He said, “I havent seen my daughter today. ” Hesaid that hehadnt seenhisdaughter that day. 留意：假如轉述時就在原先的地方,就在說話的當天,就沒必要轉變指示代詞,時間 狀語,地點狀語等； 時態變化規律表 3 / 7 第 3 頁,共 7 頁直接引語 間接引語 一般現在時 現 一般過去時 過在進行時 一般 去進行時 過去將來時 一般過 將來時

24、 過去完去時 現在完成 成時 過去完成時 過去完成時 時 過去完成時 現在完成進行時 過去完成進行時 一些常用詞變化規律表 直接引語 間接引語 指示代詞 this that 時間狀語 thesethosenow then todaythat day tomorrow the next followingday next week/month/. . . the next followingweek/month. . . yesterday the day before last week/month/. . . three days/months/. . . agothe week/month

25、/. . . before three days/month/. . . 地點 this week/month/. . . that week/month. . . here there 動詞 go come Option: 假猶如學基礎較好,語法部分也可用英語講解； 1. Direct Speech In direct speech, the original speaker s exact words are given and are indicated by quotation marks. “I dont knowwhat to do, ”said Tom. In some gram

26、mar books, “said Tom”is referred to as a reporting clause. “I dont know what to do, ”is referred to as the reported clause. 2. Indirect Speech In indirect speech, the exact meaning of the speaker s words is given, but the exact words are not directly quoted. Tom said that hedidnt knowwhat to do. To

27、convert direct speech into indirect speech: If the mainverbis past tense, presenttenseverbsin“that clause”must alsobechanged to past tense. Tom said that hedidnt knowwhat to d o. First and second person pronouns must be changed to third person pronouns. Tom said that he didn t know what to do. The w

28、ord“that”can often be left out:Tom saidhedidnt knowwhat to do. 3. Indirect Questions The same rules apply to indirect questions as to indirect statements. The difference is that awh-clause is used instead of a that clause. Directquestion:“DidDicks horsewinaprize.”Owen asked. 4 / 7 第 4 頁,共 7 頁Indirec

29、t questions:Owen asked whether/if Dick s horse hadwonaprize.Directquestion:“Why wont you marry me.”askedDonald. Indirect question:Donaldaskedherwhyshewouldnt marry him. In telling a story or recounting events, a speaker using direct speech has all the resources of intonation to produce a lively a cc

30、ount. Because indirect speech is always reported by someone else,the account is more reserved and restrained. “What shallwedo.”asked Mary. “Dont worry, Mary, ”said Dick, “Ive got aplan.” Mary asked Dick what they should do. He told her not to worry and that h e had got a plan. The ability to change

31、direct speech into indirect speech is a useful skill for those engaged in taking the minutes of a meeting or reporting on events. Direct speech:“First of all, I would like to thank everybody who helped with the fair. The results were very good, and we will now be able to buy two more computers. ” In

32、direct speech:The principal said that he would like to thank everybody who had helped withthe fair. He announced that the results were very good and that the school would now be able to buytwo more computers. Step 4 Practice Discovering useful structures Get the students to turn to Page 5. Please ch

33、ange the following direct speech into indirect speech and indirect into direct. 1. “I m going to hide from the Germans, ”Annesaid.2. “I dont know the address of my newhome,”saidAnne.3. “I cannot ask my father because it is not safe to know,”shesaid.4. “I had to packup my things very quickly,”the gir

34、l said. 5. “Why didyouchooseyourdiaryandold letters. ”Dad asked her. 6. Mum asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on. 7. Margot asked her what else she had got. 8. Anne asked her father when they would go back home. 9. Anne asked her sister how she could see her friends. 10. Mot

35、her asked Anne why she had gone to bed so late the night before. Step 5 Correcting mistakes Analyze the common mistakes students have made during the practice. Let the students look at the screen and pay attention to these sentences. Then choose the right sentence and make it clear why the other one

36、 is wrong. Step 6 A game Playaguessinggame“whois my secret friend.”One student comes to the front with his partner. The rest students ask him questions while his partner changes them into indirect speech. In the end, the person who has guessed the right answer can come to the front to take the place

37、 of the first student. So the game goes on. Suggested sentences: Can your friend speak. What does he/she wear today.Is he/she tall or short. What do you and your friend do in your free time. Do you quarrel with each other. 5 / 7 第 5 頁,共 7 頁 Step 7 Workbook Do Exercise 1 in Using Structures on Page 4

38、2. Here is another page of Anne s diary. Read it through and then use indirect speech to retell the story. If time doesnt permit, declare it ashomework.Suggested answers: Anne said that they went quickly upstairs and into the hiding place when they arrived at Prinsengracht. She said that they closed

39、 the door behind them and they were alone. She said thatMargot had come faster on her bicycle and was already waiting for them. She said thatall the rooms were full of boxes and they lay on the floor and the beds. She said thatthe little room was filled with bedclothes and they had to start clearing

40、 up at once, if they wished to sleep in comfortable beds that night. Anne said thather mother and Margot were not able to help. She said thatthey were tired and lay down on their beds, but her daddy and she, the two “Helpers”of the family, started at once. Anne said thatthey unpacked the boxes, fill

41、ed the cupboards and tidied the whole day, untilthey were extremely tired. She said they did sleep in clean beds that night. She said they hadn t had any warm food to eat all day, but they didn t care. An ne said thather mother and Margot were too tired and worried to eat, and her daddy and she were

42、 too busy. Step 8 Homework 1. Finish off the related Workbook exercises. 2. Review and grasp the rules of Direct Speech and Indirect Speech. 板書設計 Unit 1 Friendship Grammar Direct Speech and Indirect Speech Direct Speech Indirect Speech 1. Mary said,“I am very happy to help you. ” Mary said that she

43、was very happy to help you. 2. He asked me, “Doyou like playing He asked me if/whether I liked playing basketball. ” basketball. 3. My sister asked me, “What do you think of the film. ” 4. The teache r toldhis students, “The earth goes round the sun. ” My sister as ked me what I thought of the film.

44、 The teacher told his students that the earth goes round the sun. 活動與探究 Get the students to work in groups of four out of class and design a questionnaire to find out what kind of friends your classmates are. The purpose of this activity is to encourage students to think inde pendently and act in ma

45、tters of immediate concern and interest. It also can develop studentsdesign ability and spirit of cooperation.Sample questionnaire Directions: This questionnaire has four questions. Each question is followed by three possible answers. Please read the questions, and then consider which response fits you best. Questions: 1. Why am I close friends with this person now. A. Because he/she is someone I really enjo y sharing emotions and special events with. 6 / 7