1、DidYouHaveaToughChildhood?JillAmmon-Wexler1closeRTManyclaimunhappyandterriblechildhoodexperiencesdamagepeopleintheiradultyears.Butisthisnecessarilytrue?Actually,justtheoppositeseemstobetrue.Intensedifficulties,hardshipsandmajorobstaclesareactuallyoftenmajorcontributorstosuccess.Itstruethatdifficultc

2、hildhoodsdoleavesomepeoplewoundedanddisadvantaged.Butforothers,atoughchildhoodactuallydrivesthemtoremarkableachievementandsuccess!你經(jīng)歷了不幸的童年嗎？吉爾安蒙-韋克斯勒很多人聲稱，童年時代的嚴(yán)重創(chuàng)傷，會對成年生活造成災(zāi)難性影響。果真如此嗎？其實(shí)，事實(shí)剛好相反！重大的困難、艱辛和障礙，往往能造就成功。的確，不幸的童年會使一些人傷痕累累，處于不利的位置。但對另外一些人而言，不幸的童年反而會促使他們?nèi)〉卯惡鯇こ５某删?！close2RTInaclassicbookenti

3、tledCradlesofEminence,researchersreviewedthechildhoodfamilylifeof700oftheworldsmostsuccessfulpeople.Theirgoalwastoidentifytheearlyexperiencesthatcontributedtotheremarkableachievementsofthesesuccessfulpeople.Alloftheirresearchsubjectsarewidelyknownfortheirpersonalaccomplishments.Theirnamesareeasilyre

4、cognizable:FranklinD.Roosevelt,HelenKeller,WinstonChurchill,AlbertEinstein,SigmundFreud,etc.在經(jīng)典作品偉人的搖籃一書中，研究者們考查了全球最為突出的700名成功人士的童年生活。他們的目標(biāo)是要找出哪些早期經(jīng)歷有助于這些成功人士取得非凡成就。他們所有的“研究對象”都是因個人成就而蜚聲全球的。這些名字都廣為人知：富蘭克林D羅斯福，海倫凱勒，溫斯頓丘吉爾，阿爾伯特愛因斯坦,西格蒙德弗洛伊德，等等。close3RTWhattheydiscoveredistrulyfascinating!Three-quarter

5、softhesesuccessfulpeople(525ofthe700)camefromdeeplytroubledchildhoods.Theyhadenduredextremepoverty,brokenhomes,andevenparentalabuse.Overone-fourth(199ofthe700)hadtodealwithveryseriousphysicalhandicapssuchasdeafness,blindnessorcrippledlimbs.Andover80%ofthosewhobecamesuccessfulwritersandplaywrightshad

6、watchedtheirownparentsstrugglewithintensepsychologicaldramas.研究結(jié)果真的非常有意思！700名成功人士中，有四分之三（525名）有過極其不幸的童年。他們經(jīng)歷過極端的貧困，破碎的家庭，甚至父母的虐待。超過四分之一的人（700人當(dāng)中有199名）有嚴(yán)重的生理殘障如失聰、失明或肢體殘障。成功的作家及劇作家中，有80曾目睹了自己的父母經(jīng)歷失和的一些戲劇性場面。closeRTAnnaEleanorRoosevelt,aformerUSFirstLadyprovidesanexcellentexample.Annalostherparentsatt

7、heageof10,andhadaveryunpleasantchildhood.Asayounggirlshewaspainfullyawareofbeingveryhomely.Andherchildhoodwritingsrevealsheneverhadasenseofbelonginganywhere,ortoanyone.Butasshematured,AnnaEleanorRooseveltrefusedtoremaindisadvantaged.Shehauledherselfupbyherownbootstrapsandbegantostriveforahigher,more

8、powerfulconsciousness.安娜埃莉諾羅斯福，前美國第一夫人”，就是一個極好的例子。安娜10歲時失去了雙親，童年痛苦不堪。少女時，她就痛苦地意識到自己長相平庸。她童年的習(xí)作表明，她從來沒有“歸屬感”，覺得自己不屬于任何地方或任何人。但隨著她慢慢成熟，安娜埃莉諾羅斯福拒絕一直處于劣勢。她依靠自己的努力，著手提高自身的覺悟。closeRTAftermarryingFranklinD.Roosevelt,sheendedupcourageouslynursingherhusbandthroughcripplingpolio.ThenwhenhewaselectedtotheUSPre

9、sidencyinthedepthoftheGreatDepression,Mrs.RooseveltquicklytransformedthepositionofFirstLady.AsFirstLady,shebecameanoutspokensupporterforthedisadvantagedpeopleofallraces,religionsandcountries.Atthesametime,shehelpedherhusbandmanagetheWhiteHouseandraisedsixchildren.嫁給富蘭克林羅斯福后，她需要照料小兒麻痹性后遺癥的丈夫，她一直堅強(qiáng)地面對

10、。后來，他臨危受命，在經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條最嚴(yán)重時當(dāng)選美國總統(tǒng)，羅斯福夫人迅速完成了第一夫人”的角色轉(zhuǎn)換。作為第一夫人，她公開發(fā)言支持所有被踐踏的種族、宗教和國家，同時還打理著白宮，并撫育六個子女。closeRTAfterherhusbandsdeath,shespenttheremainderofherlifeasahighlyrespectedAmericanspokespersontotheUnitedNations.Atherdeath,thisshy,disadvantaged,homelyandwithdrawnyoungwomanhadbecomeoneofthemostlovedandr

11、espectedwomenofherentiregeneration.丈夫去世后，她就一直作為美國在聯(lián)合國的發(fā)言人，極其受人尊重，直到生命結(jié)束。她辭世時，這位年輕時一度靦腆羞澀、身處困境、長相平平、性格內(nèi)向的女性，已成為她那一代人中最受愛戴的女性之一。closeRTWhydidthishappen?EleanorRooseveltmadeapersonalchoicetoliftherselfbeyondherperceivedlimitations.Shedisplayedatough,unyieldingcourage,temperedbyremarkableself-controland

12、self-discipline.事情為什么會變成這樣呢？埃莉諾羅斯福做出了自己的選擇，要用自己的力量超越想象中的局限。她非凡的自控和自律造就了堅強(qiáng)不屈的勇氣。close8RTObstaclesandhardshipsdoNOThavetoleadtofailure.Scientificevidencehasproventhatwell-beingisNOTalwaysanadvantageforeitherplantsoranimals.Wherethereisnochallenge,obstacleorhardship,growthanddevelopmentisoftenlimited.B

13、iologistsrefertothisastheadversityprinciple.障礙和困難未必一定會導(dǎo)致失??！科學(xué)證據(jù)表明，安逸”并不一定總是優(yōu)勢，動植物都是如此。沒有挑戰(zhàn)、障礙或困難，成長和發(fā)展常常會受到限制。生物學(xué)家稱之為逆境原則”。close9RTConsiderLouGehrig:Louwassuchaclumsykidthattheboysinhisneighborhoodwouldntlethimplayontheirbaseballteam.Buthetappedintohisresourcesofinnercourageanddetermination.LouGehri

14、gistodaylistedinthebaseballHallofFameasoneofthegreatestballplayersofalltime.試看盧格里克：盧小時候笨手笨腳，附近的男孩都不讓他參加自己的棒球隊(duì)，但他轉(zhuǎn)而找到內(nèi)在的勇氣和決心。如今，盧格里克名列棒球名人堂，被視為有史以來最偉大的球類運(yùn)動員之一。close10RTThentherewasWoodrowWilson,whocouldntreaduntilhewastenyearsold.Wilsonwentoninhislifetobecomethetwenty-eighthPresidentoftheUnitedState

15、s.ThomasEdisonwasdeaf.BookerT.Washingtonwasborninslavery,andaclubfootcrippledLordByron.ThefamouswriterRobertLouisStevensonhadtuberculosis.AlexanderPopehadahunchback.Yeteachoftheseindividualsbecamefamoushistoricfiguresinspiteoftheirhandicaps.還有伍德羅威爾遜，十歲才開始識字。威爾遜后來成了美國第二十八任總統(tǒng)。托馬斯愛迪生是聾子。布克T華盛頓生而為奴，拜倫爵士

16、天生足部畸形。著名作家羅伯特路易斯史蒂文森身患結(jié)核病。亞歷山大蒲柏是駝背。但盡管殘疾在身，這些人每一個都青史留名。close11RTHelenKeller,whocouldnothearorsee,transformedanentirenationwhenshegraduatedwithhonorsfromcollege.Sheisstillasourceofinspirationformillions.ThentheresLudwigvanBeethoven.Beethovenbegantolosehishearinginhis20s,andwascompletelydeafby50.Yet

17、hecreatedsomeoftheworldsmostbeautifulmusic.Beethovenwasonceoverheardshoutingatthetopofhisvoice,Iwilltakelifebythethroat!海倫凱勒，既聾又盲，以優(yōu)異成績從大學(xué)畢業(yè)時，舉國轟動。數(shù)以百萬計人至今仍視她為靈感的源泉。還有路德維希凡貝多芬。貝多芬二十多歲時聽力就開始下降，50歲時完全失聰，但他創(chuàng)造了世界上最美妙的音樂。有人曾聽見貝多芬高喊，我要扼住命運(yùn)的咽喉！close12RTYourattitudetowardanyperceivedpersonalhandicapdeterminesitsimpactonyourlife.ThisISyourlife!Whynotmakeitallitcanbe?Tobecomeallwecanbe,weMUSTstopmakingexcuses.UseanypersonaladversityorperceivedlimitationstodowhatBeethovendid:Grablifebythethroat!An