1、2014 MERS-CoV Outbreak in Jeddah A Link to Health Care FacilitiesMiddle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus single-strand RNA virus betacoronavirus strong tropism for nonciliated bronchial epithelial cells camel flu 請(qǐng)?jiān)谶@里輸入標(biāo)題Signs and symptoms 請(qǐng)?jiān)谶@里輸入標(biāo)題fatality rate 40%No treatment or vaccineTransmi

2、ssion and diagnosis camel or people PCR on at least two specific genomic targets 請(qǐng)?jiān)谶@里輸入標(biāo)題5月29日，廣東衛(wèi)生計(jì)生委通報(bào)，28日發(fā)布的輸入性中東呼吸綜合征（MERS）疑似病例，經(jīng)國家專家組和中國疾控中心對(duì)患者標(biāo)本復(fù)核檢測結(jié)果，于29日上午判定為中東呼吸綜合征確診病例。目前該患者正在廣東省惠州市定點(diǎn)醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)接受隔離治療，仍有發(fā)熱癥狀，最高體溫達(dá)39.5，胸片顯示雙下肺病變，考慮感染性肺炎。圖為新聞發(fā)布會(huì)現(xiàn)場。中新社發(fā) 陳驥旻 攝中新社廣州5月29日電 (董子暢 許青青)中國確診首例輸入性中東呼吸綜合征病例。該

3、病例出現(xiàn)在廣州惠州，這名韓國籍男子正當(dāng)?shù)囟c(diǎn)醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)隔離治療。其在國內(nèi)行程的密切接觸者已找到38人，暫未發(fā)現(xiàn)異常。中國國家衛(wèi)生計(jì)生委和廣東省衛(wèi)計(jì)委29日均通報(bào)了上述消息。廣東省疾控專家稱，該病征很有可能傳入廣東。中東呼吸綜合征(MERS)病毒2012年首次出現(xiàn)在沙特，之后在中東等地傳播，歐洲、非洲、亞洲、美洲等20多個(gè)國家陸續(xù)出現(xiàn)疫情和醫(yī)務(wù)人員感染。MERS病毒與2003年肆虐的非典同屬冠狀病毒，其傳染性不及非典，但病死率比非典高。根據(jù)目前已知的病毒學(xué)、臨床和流行病學(xué)資料，MERS冠狀病毒已具備有限的人傳人能力，但無證據(jù)表明該病毒具有持續(xù)人傳人的能力。官方通報(bào)稱，該韓國男子1971年出生，系韓

4、國中東呼吸綜合征病例的密切接觸者。5月21日在韓國境內(nèi)出現(xiàn)不適，26日乘坐航班抵達(dá)香港，經(jīng)深圳入境抵達(dá)惠州。惠州市衛(wèi)生計(jì)生部門于28日凌晨2時(shí)將其隔離治療，并對(duì)其密切接觸者就地隔離觀察。該患者的檢測樣本于28日上午在廣東省疾控中心檢測后送中國疾控中心復(fù)核。目前患者仍有發(fā)熱癥狀，最高體溫為39.5攝氏度，胸片顯示雙下肺病變，考慮感染性肺炎。中國已將該病例有關(guān)情況及時(shí)向世界衛(wèi)生組織、港澳臺(tái)地區(qū)和有關(guān)國家通報(bào)。廣東省疾控中心首席專家、傳染病預(yù)防控制所所長何劍鋒介紹說，中東呼吸綜合征是新型冠狀病毒感染引起的急性、嚴(yán)重呼吸道疾病。中國工程院院士鐘南山表示，中東呼吸綜合征引起的病死率達(dá)40%；目前尚無可用

5、的疫苗和藥物治療方法。據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織5月25日通報(bào)，2012年9月至2015年5月25日，全球共有24個(gè)國家累計(jì)報(bào)告中東呼吸綜合征確診病例1139例，其中431人死亡。廣東省疾病預(yù)防控制中心副主任林錦炎表示，目前專家已經(jīng)掌握有力的證據(jù)證明傳染源頭宿主為中東地區(qū)的單峰駱駝，駱駝則有可能被蝙蝠所傳染。專家建議，預(yù)防該病征須經(jīng)常洗手。近期赴中東旅行者要避免與患病駱駝接觸；駱駝奶要加熱飲用，駱駝肉也要烹飪熟再吃。出現(xiàn)發(fā)熱癥狀要及時(shí)去醫(yī)院就診，并如實(shí)告知行程請(qǐng)?jiān)谶@里輸入標(biāo)題Adenoviridae 腺病毒adeno- adenoid, gland -viridae virus nonenveloped

6、(without an outer lipid bilayer) viruses with an icosahedral nucleocapsid containing a double stranded DNA genome. respiratory disease conjunctivitis gastroenteritisCoronavirus 冠狀病毒corona- surrounding like a crownenveloped viruses RNA genome and with a nucleocapsid of helical symmetry. The genomic s

7、ize of coronaviruses ranges from approximately 26 to 32 kilobases, extraordinarily large for an RNA virus.Herpesviridae 皰疹病毒herpes- belb-viridae virusall herpesviruses are composed of relatively large double-stranded, linear DNA genomes encoding 100-200 genes encased within an icosahedral protein ca

8、ge called the capsid which is itself wrapped in a protein layer called the tegument containing both viral proteins and viral mRNAs and a lipid bilayer membrane called the envelope. 1MERS-CoV virus 張索宇2文章大意 李卓然3單詞及詞根 錢龍4統(tǒng)計(jì)詞匯 吉利目錄 | CONTENT5句子分析 嚴(yán)仕達(dá)6翻譯技巧 陳芳瑩翻譯策略通讀摘要關(guān)鍵詞MERS-CoVDescriptive analyses思路逐句、

9、逐詞翻譯核準(zhǔn)校對(duì)意譯（注意回看原文）語序細(xì)節(jié)（一致性原則）文章大意研究背景沙特阿拉伯吉達(dá)市MERS-CoV的爆發(fā)研究目的尋找爆發(fā)原因揭示MERS-CoV的流行病學(xué)特征研究方法（描述性分析）電話采訪分組統(tǒng)計(jì)研究結(jié)果255人確認(rèn)感染MERS-CoV191人有癥狀64人無癥狀40人為醫(yī)務(wù)工作者151人為非醫(yī)務(wù)工作者112人數(shù)據(jù)可查39人無數(shù)據(jù)109人有二級(jí)接觸3人沒有二級(jí)接觸41人為醫(yī)務(wù)工作者23人為非醫(yī)務(wù)工作者研究結(jié)論爆發(fā)是由人傳人造成的醫(yī)療相關(guān)傳染占很大比例需要加強(qiáng)院內(nèi)感染的預(yù)防與控制推薦翻譯工具Bing（必應(yīng)）1MERS-CoV virus 張索宇2文章大意 李卓然3單詞及詞根 錢龍4統(tǒng)計(jì)詞匯

10、 吉利目錄 | CONTENT5句子分析 嚴(yán)仕達(dá)6翻譯技巧 陳芳瑩coronavirus詞根組成coron a virus基本釋義冠狀病毒日冕形病毒相同詞根的單詞corona, coronationrhinorrhea詞根組成rhin o rrhea基本釋義鼻溢，鼻漏相同詞根的單詞diarrheamenorrhea/root-index.html?word=exposure health care exposures sources of exposure potential exposures we could not assess the frequency of exposure to

11、health care facilities(to sth) the state of being in a place or situation where there is no protection from sth harmful or unpleasant單詞相關(guān)epidemiologic and clinical features clinical presentationshealth care personnelemergency or outpatientsymptomatic or asymptomaticprimary case1MERS-CoV virus 張索宇2文章

12、大意 李卓然3單詞及詞根 錢龍4統(tǒng)計(jì)詞匯 吉利目錄 | CONTENT5句子分析 嚴(yán)仕達(dá)6翻譯技巧 陳芳瑩統(tǒng)計(jì)相關(guān)的詞匯Descriptive analyses were performed for the following groups: all patients， all symptomatic patients who were not health care personnel， and asymptomatic patients. Results were reported as frequencies and proportions for categorical variabl

13、es and as median values and interquartile ranges for continuous variables. In addition， the chi-square test， Fishers exact test， and the F-test were used to compare prespecified subgroups of symptomatic patients (those who were not available for the assessment of potential exposure to MERS-CoV vs. t

14、hose who were available for that assessment)and of asymptomatic patients (those who responded to the telephone survey vs. those who did not respond.我們對(duì)所有患者、非醫(yī)護(hù)人員的有癥狀患者和無癥狀患者分別做了描述性分析。結(jié)果給出了各個(gè)分類變量的頻率和比例，并給出了連續(xù)變量的中間值和四分位范圍。此外，我們用卡方檢驗(yàn)、Fisher精確檢驗(yàn)和F-檢驗(yàn)被比較有癥狀患者的兩個(gè)預(yù)設(shè)亞組（可評(píng)估暴露MERS-CoV的方式和不可評(píng)估暴露方式）以及無癥狀患者的兩個(gè)子組

15、（參與電話調(diào)查和不參與電話調(diào)查）。統(tǒng)計(jì)相關(guān)的詞匯continuous variables：連續(xù)變量在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)中,變量按變量值是否連續(xù)可分為連續(xù)變量與離散變量兩種.在一定區(qū)間內(nèi)可以任意取值的變量叫連續(xù)變量,其數(shù)值是連續(xù)不斷的,相鄰兩個(gè)數(shù)值可作無限分割,即可取無限個(gè)數(shù)值。例如,生產(chǎn)零件的規(guī)格尺寸,人體測量的身高,體重,胸圍等為連續(xù)變量,其數(shù)值只能用測量或計(jì)量的方法取得.反之,其數(shù)值只能用自然數(shù)或整數(shù)單位計(jì)算的則為離散變量.例如,企業(yè)個(gè)數(shù),職工人數(shù),設(shè)備臺(tái)數(shù)等,只能按計(jì)量單位數(shù)計(jì)數(shù),這種變量的數(shù)值一般用計(jì)數(shù)方法取得.統(tǒng)計(jì)相關(guān)的詞匯categorical variables：分類變量，類型變量是指地理位

16、置、人口統(tǒng)計(jì)等方面的變量，其作用是將調(diào)查響應(yīng)者分群。描述變量是描述某一個(gè)客戶群與其他客戶群的區(qū)別。大部分分類變量也就是描述變量。統(tǒng)計(jì)相關(guān)的詞匯Descriptive analyses were performed for the following groups: all patients， all symptomatic patients who were not health care personnel， and asymptomatic patients. Results were reported as frequencies and proportions for categori

17、cal variables and as median values and interquartile ranges for continuous variables.我們對(duì)所有患者、非醫(yī)護(hù)人員的有癥狀患者和無癥狀患者分別做了描述性分析。結(jié)果給出了各個(gè)分類變量的頻率和比例，并給出了連續(xù)變量的中間值和四分位范圍。統(tǒng)計(jì)相關(guān)的詞匯median values：中位數(shù)，又稱中值。代表一個(gè)樣本、種群或概率分布中的一個(gè)數(shù)值，其可將數(shù)值集合劃分為相等的上下兩部分。如果觀察值有偶數(shù)個(gè)，通常取最中間的兩個(gè)數(shù)值的平均數(shù)作為中位數(shù)。一個(gè)數(shù)集中最多有一半的數(shù)值小于中位數(shù)，也最多有一半的數(shù)值大于中位數(shù)。如果大于和小于中

18、位數(shù)的數(shù)值個(gè)數(shù)均少于一半，那麼數(shù)集中必有若干值等同于中位數(shù)。interquartile ranges (IQR)：四分位距：由P25、P50、P75將一組變量值等分為四部分，P25稱下四分位數(shù)，P75稱上四分位數(shù)，四分位數(shù)是將數(shù)列等分成四個(gè)部分的數(shù)，將P75與P25之差定義為四分位數(shù)間距。是上四分位數(shù)與下四分位數(shù)之差,用四分位數(shù)間距可反映變異程度的大小。四分位距（interquartile range, IQR），又稱四分差。是描述統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)中的一種方法，以確定第三四分位數(shù)和第一四分位數(shù)的區(qū)別（即Q1Q3 的差距）。與方差、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差一樣，表示統(tǒng)計(jì)資料中各變量分散情形，但四分差更多為一種穩(wěn)健統(tǒng)計(jì)（ro

19、bust statistic）。統(tǒng)計(jì)方法chi-square test：卡方檢驗(yàn)Fishers exact test：費(fèi)舍爾精確檢驗(yàn)the F-test：F-檢驗(yàn)（也是費(fèi)舍爾發(fā)明的）在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)中，經(jīng)常使用費(fèi)舍爾檢驗(yàn)和卡方檢驗(yàn)用于衡量統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果的顯著性。如兩組實(shí)驗(yàn)產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果是否具有顯著差異。統(tǒng)計(jì)相關(guān)的詞匯Descriptive analyses were performed for the following groups: all patients， all symptomatic patients who were not health care personnel， and asymptoma

20、tic patients. Results were reported as frequencies and proportions for categorical variables and as median values and interquartile ranges for continuous variables. In addition， the chi-square test， Fishers exact test， and the F-test were used to compare prespecified subgroups of symptomatic patient

21、s (those who were not available for the assessment of potential exposure to MERS-CoV vs. those who were available for that assessment)and of asymptomatic patients (those who responded to the telephone survey vs. those who did not respond.我們對(duì)所有患者、非醫(yī)護(hù)人員的有癥狀患者和無癥狀患者分別做了描述性分析。結(jié)果給出了各個(gè)分類變量的頻率和比例，并給出了連續(xù)變量的

22、中間值和四分位范圍。此外，我們用卡方檢驗(yàn)、Fisher精確檢驗(yàn)和F-檢驗(yàn)被比較有癥狀患者的兩個(gè)預(yù)設(shè)亞組（可評(píng)估暴露MERS-CoV的方式和不可評(píng)估暴露方式）以及無癥狀患者的兩個(gè)子組（參與電話調(diào)查和不參與電話調(diào)查）。1MERS-CoV virus 張索宇2文章大意 李卓然3單詞及詞根 錢龍4統(tǒng)計(jì)詞匯 吉利目錄 | CONTENT5句子分析 嚴(yán)仕達(dá)6翻譯技巧 陳芳瑩The majority of patients in the Jeddah MERS-CoV outbreak had contact with a health care facility, other patients, or b

23、oth.并列關(guān)系Persons with confirmed infection included reportedly asymptomatic persons who were identified by contact tracing, postexposure screening of health care personnel, or both.這次吉達(dá)中東呼吸綜合征爆發(fā)事件中大部分患者要么與醫(yī)療設(shè)備有過接觸，要么與其他病患有過接觸，要么二者皆有。那些被確診感染者包括據(jù)報(bào)道通過以下方式被鑒定的無癥狀人員：通過追蹤接觸途徑，或者通過醫(yī)護(hù)人員的接觸后篩查，或者兩者兼有。列舉Amid in

24、tense speculation regarding the cause of the sudden increase in cases, several hypotheses emerged, including, either alone or in combination, genomic changes resulting in increased transmissibility of the virus, an unidentified seasonality component, an increase in testing to detect MERS-CoV infecti

25、on, an increase in primary cases in the community as a result of changes in contacts between humans and potential animal reservoirs, an increase in cases because of sustained transmission in the community (unrelated to health care exposures), and health careassociated amplification.結(jié)合全文大意We could not identify these exposures in 3 of 112 symptomatic patients who were not health care personnel (2.7%) and who had data that could be as