1、Manufacturing the worlds most reliableIndustrial Grade Flash Storage Devicesfor applications where failure is not an option.Endurance Models Cactus Industrial Grade Flash ProductsEndurance ModelsImportant Endurance Points: NAND has limited erase/write cycles before blocks e unreliable Read operation

2、s do not affect NAND endurance Mathematical models can estimate expected write endurance of an application Controllers may mark a block as unusable when: Detects uncorrectable read/write error Erase count of particular block reaches predefined threshold Solutions to Extend NAND endurance Advanced Er

3、ror Checking & Correction (ECC) Reserved/Spare blocks to replace unusable blocks Global, Dynamic & Static Wear LevelingEndurance ModelsEndurance Estimations Based on assumptions: Wear leveling forces write/erase be always performed to a different physical NAND flash block each time and moves data ac

4、ross the whole device. The erase count of a particular NAND block has reached a predefined threshold. Read operations does not affect device endurance and is ignored ECC errors are completely correctable, therefore block replacement is not requiredEndurance ModelsSpecific Formulas in Cactus White Pa

5、per on website: Endurance Models for Cactus Technologies Industrial-Grade Flash Storage ProductsAn endurance vs usage pattern table looks like:Endurance ModelsTake Aways: Endurance depends largely on device capacity and usage patterns, and may change due to different usage patterns Mathematical models should be used for reference Designers should always implement data integrity checking and correction systems in their designs Cactus Industrial Grade Flash