1、ECCONVENTIONONTHELAWAPPLICABLETOCONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS(Rome 1980)歐盟關(guān)于合同 債權(quán)法律適用的公 約 （1980 羅馬第一條例）Title I - Scope of the Convention第一篇公約的適用范 圍Article 1 - Scope of the Convention 第條 公約的適用范 圍Article 2 - Application of law of non-contracting States第條 非締約國法律的適用Title II - Uniform Rules第二篇統(tǒng)一規(guī)則Article 3 - F

2、reedom of choice 第條 選擇的自由Article 4 - Applicable law in the absence of choice第條 無選擇情況下的適用法律Article 5 - Certain consumer contracts第條 某些消費者合同Article 6 - Individual employment contracts第條 雇傭合同Article 7 - Mandatory rules第條 強制性規(guī)則Article 8 - Material validity第條 實質(zhì)上的效力Article 9 - Formal validity第條 形式上的效力Art

3、icle 10 - Scope of the applicable law第條適用法律的范 圍Article 11 - Incapacity第條無行為能力Article 12 - Voluntary assignment第條自愿轉(zhuǎn)讓Article 13 - Subrogation第條代位求償權(quán)Article 14 - Burden of proof, etc.第條舉證責任等Article 15 - Exclusion of renvoi 第條反致的排除Article 16- Ordre public 第條 “公共政策 ”Article 17- No retrospective effect第條

4、無追溯效力Article 18- Uniform interpretation第條統(tǒng)一解釋Article 19- States with more than one legal system第條具有一個以上法律制度的國家Article 20 - Precedence of Community law第條 共同體法律的優(yōu)先適用Article 21- Relationship with other conventions第條 與其他公約的關(guān)系A(chǔ)rticle 22 - Reservations 第條保留TITLE III FINAL PROVISIONS第三篇 最后條款Article 23至 Art

5、icle 33PREAMBLE序言THEHIGHCONTRACTINGPARTIEStotheTreatyestablishing the European Economic Community,ANXIOUSto continue in the field of private internationallawthe work of unificationof law which has already been done withinthe Community,inparticularinthefieldofjurisdictionandenforcement of judgments,W

6、ISHINGto establish uniformrulesconcerningthe lawapplicableto contractualobligations,HAVEAGREED AS FOLLOWS:歐洲經(jīng)濟共同體條 約的各締約國，渴望在國 際私法領(lǐng)域中 繼續(xù)開展已 經(jīng)在共同體內(nèi) 進行的法律 統(tǒng)一工作，特別是在管 轄權(quán)和執(zhí)行判決方面已 進行的統(tǒng)一，希望就合同債務的適用法律 訂立統(tǒng)一規(guī)則，茲同意如下：TITLE I SCOPE OF THE CONVENTION第一篇公約的適用范圍Article 1 Scope of the Convention第條公約的適用范 圍1. The ru

7、les of thisConventionshallapplyto contractualobligations in any situation involvinga choice between the laws ofdifferent countries.本公約的規(guī)則適用于任何情形下涉及需在不同國家的法律之間進行選擇的合同債務。They shall not apply to: 本公約的規(guī)則不適用于：questions involving the status or legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to Articl

8、e 11;涉及自然人的地位或法律行為能力問題，但不得妨礙本公 約第條的適用；(b) contractual obligations relating to:關(guān)于下列 諸項的合同 債務：wills and succession, 遺囑和繼承；rights in property arising out of a matrimonial relationship,rights and duties arising out of a family relationship, parentage, marriage or affinity, including maintenance obligati

9、ons in respect of children who are not legitimate;由婚姻關(guān)系而 產(chǎn)生的財產(chǎn)權(quán) ；由家庭關(guān)系、親子關(guān)系、婚姻或姻親關(guān)系而產(chǎn)生的權(quán)利和義務，包括對非婚生子女的扶養(yǎng) 義務；obligations arising under bills of exchange, cheques and promissory notes and other negotiable instruments to the extent that the obligations under such other negotiable instruments arise out

10、of their negotiable character;由匯票、支票、本票以及由于票據(jù)的可 轉(zhuǎn)讓性而產(chǎn)生債務的其他流通票據(jù)所 產(chǎn)生的債務；arbitration agreements and agreements on the choice of court; 仲裁協(xié)議和選擇法院協(xié)議；questions governed by the law of companies and other bodies corporate or unincorporate such as the creation, by registration orotherwise, legal capacity, i

11、nternalorganizationor windingup ofcompanies and otherbodies corporateor unincorporateand thepersonal liability of officers and members as such for the obligationsof the company or body; 公司法和其他法人或非法人 組織法所管 轄的問題，例如，公司和其他法人組織或非法人 組織通過登記或其他方式的設立，其法律行為能力、內(nèi)部組織或結(jié)業(yè)清理，以及作為公司和其他法人 組織或非法人 組織的高級職員和成員對公司和法人或非法人組

12、織債務 的個人責任；仲裁協(xié)議和選擇法院協(xié)議；the question whether an agent is able to bind a principal, or an organ to bind a company or body corporate or unincorporate, to a third party;the constitution of trusts and the relationship between settlors, trustees and beneficiaries;evidence and procedure, without prejudice t

13、o Article 14.（）關(guān)于代對理第三人的行 為是否能 約束其委托人，或者一個機構(gòu)對第三人的行 為是否能 約束一個公司、法人 組織 或非法人 組織的問題；（）信托設的立以及信托 設立人、受托人和受益人之 間的關(guān)系；（證）據(jù)和程序，但不得妨礙本公 約第條的適用；The rules of this Convention do not apply to contracts of insurance which cover risks situated in the territories of the MemberStates of the European Economic Communit

14、y. In order to determinewhether a risk is situated in these territories the court shall apply itsinternal law.本公約規(guī)則不適用于承保在歐洲經(jīng)濟共同體成 員國領(lǐng)土內(nèi)發(fā)生風險的保險合同。為了確定風險是否處于這些領(lǐng)土之內(nèi)，法院應適用其國內(nèi)法。The preceding paragraph does not apply to contracts of re-insurance.前款不適用于再保 險合同。Article 2 Application of law of non-contractin

15、g States第條 非締約國法律的適用Any law specified by this Convention shall be applied whetheror not it is the law of a Contracting State.凡本公約所指定的法律，不 論該法律是否 為締約 國的法律，均應適用。TITLE II UNIFORM RULES第二篇 統(tǒng)一規(guī)則Article 3 Freedom of choice第條 選擇的自由A contract shall be governed by the law chosen by the parties. The choice mu

16、st be expressed or demonstrated with reasonablecertaintyby the terms of the contract or the circumstances of thecase. By their choice the parties can select the law applicable to thewhole or a part only of the contract.合同應適用當事人 選擇的法律。此項選擇 必須是明示的，或者由合同條款或具體情況合理確定地表明。當事人可以選擇適用于全部合同或僅適用于部分合同的法律。The par

17、ties may at any time agree to subject the contract to a law other than that which previously governed it, whether as a result of an earlier choice under this Article or of other provisions of this Convention. Any variation by the parties of the law to be applied made after the conclusion of the cont

18、ract shall not prejudice itsformal validity under Article 9 or adversely affect the rights of thirdparties.當事人在任何 時候都可以 約定使其合同適用原先并非適用于它的法律，無論原先適用于 該合同的法律是根據(jù)本條 還是本公 約其他條款所選擇。但在合同訂立后，當事人對適用法律所做的任何 變動，都不得有損于本公 約第條規(guī)定的合同形式上的效力，亦不得 對第三人的權(quán)利產(chǎn)生不利影響。The fact that the parties have chosen a foreign law, whethe

19、r or not accompanied by the choice of a foreign tribunal, shall not, where all the other elements relevant to the situation at the time of thechoice are connected with one country only, prejudice the applicationof rules of the law of that country which cannot be derogated from bycontract, hereinafte

20、r called mandatory rules.當事人 選擇了某一外國法律，不 論其是否同 時選擇 了外國法院；如果在 選擇時 ，一切與當時情況有關(guān)的其他因素都只與一個國家有聯(lián)系，這個事實不應影響該國法律中不得由合同所減 損的那部分法律規(guī)則的適用，以下稱之為“強制性規(guī)則 ”。4. The existence and validity of the consent of the parties as tothe choice of the applicable law shall be determined in accordancewith the provisions of Article

21、s 8, 9 and 11.當事人 對于適用法律的 選擇表示同意的事 實和效力，應依照本公約第條、第條和第條的規(guī)定予以確定。Article 4 Applicable law in the absence of choice第條無選擇情況下的適用法律To the extent that the law applicable to the contract has not been chosen in accordance with Article 3, the contract shall be governed by the law of the country with which it i

22、s most closely connected. Nevertheless, a severable part of the contract which has acloser connection with another country may by way of exception begoverned by the law of that other country.在當事人未根據(jù)第三條的規(guī)定選擇合同的適用法律的情況下， 該合同應適用與它有最密切 聯(lián)系的國家的法律。但是，如果合同的可分割部分與另一個國家有更密切的聯(lián)系，則該部分合同 則可作為例外，適用那個國家的法律。2. Subje

23、ct to the provisions of paragraph 5 of this Article, it shallbe presumed that the contractis most closely connected with thecountry where the party who is to effect the performance which ischaracteristicof the contract has, at the time of conclusion of thecontract, his habitual residence, or, in the

24、 case of a body corporate orunincorporate, its central administration. However, if the contract isentered into in the course of that partys trade or profession, thatcountry shall be the country in which the principal place of businessis situated or, where under the terms of the contract the performa

25、nceis to be effected through a place of business other than the principalplace of business, the country in which that other place of business issituated.除另依本條第款的 規(guī)定，合同特定履行的當事人在 訂立合同時，其慣常居所地的國家，或者當事人是法人 組織或非法人 組織時 ，其管理中心所在地的國家， 應推定為與該合同有最密切 聯(lián)系的國家。但是，如果合同是在當事人的 貿(mào)易和職業(yè)活動過程中訂立的，則與該合同有最密切 聯(lián)系的國家 應是主要營業(yè)地所在的

26、國家，或者，如果根據(jù)合同規(guī)定，合同將在主要 營業(yè)地以外的另一 營業(yè)地履行，則與該合同有最密切聯(lián)系的國家 應是另一 營業(yè)地所在國。3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2 of this Article,to the extent that the subject matter of the contractis a rightinimmovable property or a right to use immovable property it shall bepresumedthatthe contractis most closely

27、 connected withthecountry where the immovable property is situated.盡管有本條第款的 規(guī)定，但如果合同的 標的是不動產(chǎn)產(chǎn)權(quán) 或不動產(chǎn)使用權(quán)，則應推定不 動產(chǎn)所在地國家是與合同有最密切聯(lián)系的國家。A contract for the carriage of goods shall not be subject to the presumption in paragraph 2. In such a contract if the country in which, at the time the contract is concl

28、uded, the carrier has hisprincipal place of business is also the country in which the place ofloading or the place of discharge or the principal place of business ofthe consignor is situated, it shall be presumed that the contract ismost closely connected with that country. In applying this paragrap

29、hsingle voyage charter-partiesand other contracts the main purposeof which is the carriage of goods shall be treated as contracts for thecarriage of goods.第款的規(guī)定不應適用于貨物運輸合同。如果在訂立這種合同時，承運人 設有主要 營業(yè)地的國家同 時也是裝貨地或卸 貨地或托運人主要營業(yè)地所在的國家，則應推定該國是與合同有密切 聯(lián)系的國家。在適用本款 時，單程租船合同和其他以貨物運輸為主要目的合同均應視為貨物運輸合同。Paragraph 2 sh

30、all not apply if the characteristic performance cannot be determined, and the presumptions in paragraphs 2, 3 and4 shall be disregarded if it appears from the circumstances as a whole that the contract is more closely connected with another country.如果合同的特定履行不能確定，則不適用第款，并且，如果總的情況顯示出合同與另一個國家有更密切的聯(lián)系，則不

31、應適用第款、第款和第款的推定。Article 5 Certain consumer contracts第條 某些消費者合同This Article applies to a contract the object of which is the supply of goods or services to a person (the consumer) for apurposewhichcan be regardedas being outsidehis tradeorprofession, or a contract for the provision of credit for that

32、object.本條適用于向某人（消費者）提供其行業(yè)或職業(yè)以外的貨物或服務的合同，或者為了該目的提供信 貸的合同。Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 3, a choice of law made by the parties shall not have the result of depriving the consumer of the protection afforded to him by the mandatory rulesof the law of the country in which he has his habitual

33、residence: - if inthat country the conclusion of the contract was preceded by a specificinvitationaddressed to him or by advertising, and he had taken inthat country all the steps necessary on his part for the conclusion ofthe contract, orif the other party or his agent received the consumers order

34、in that country, orif the contract is for the sale of goods and the consumer travelled from that country to another country and there gave his order, provided that the consumers journey was arranged by the seller for the purpose of inducing the consumer to buy.盡管有第條的 規(guī)定，當事人所做的法律 選擇不得剝奪消費者慣常居所地國法律的 強

35、制性規(guī)則對 其提供的保 護：如果合同在該國訂立，在訂立合同前向消 費者發(fā)出了專門邀請或刊登了廣告，而且消 費者在該國對訂立合同已采取了一切必要的步驟；或者如果另一方當事人或其代理人在該國收到了消 費者的訂單；或者如果合同是 為了貨物的銷售，而消費者是從 該國到另一國并在那里遞交其訂單的，并且消費者此 項旅程是 賣方為了吸引消 費者購買貨物而安排的。Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 4, a contract to which this Article applies shall, in the absence of choice in acco

36、rdance with Article 3, be governed by the law of the country in which the consumer has his habitual residence if it is entered into in the circumstances described in paragraph 2 of this Article.盡管有第條的 規(guī)定，凡適用本條 規(guī)定的合同，在未根據(jù)第三條作出法律 選擇時，如果該合同是在本條第款 規(guī)定的情況下 訂立的，則應適用消費者慣常居所地國家的法律。4. This Article shall not a

37、pply to:本條不適用于：(a) a contract of carriage;運輸合同；(b) a contract for the supply of services where the services are tobe supplied to the consumer exclusively in a country other than thatin which he has his habitual residence.提供服 務的合同，此種服 務是在消 費者慣常居所地國家以外的國家向消 費者專門提供的。Notwithstanding the provisions of pa

38、ragraph 4, this Article shall apply to a contract which, for an inclusive price, provides for a combination of travel and accommodation.盡管有第款的 規(guī)定，本條應適用于以全包價格提供旅行和食宿的合同Article 6 Individual employment contracts第條雇傭合同Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 3, in a contract of employment a choice of l

39、aw made by the parties shall not have the result of depriving the employee of the protection afforded to him by the mandatory rules of the law which would be applicable under paragraph 2 in the absence of choice.盡管有第條的 規(guī)定，在雇傭合同中，當事人作出的法律選擇不得剝奪受雇者在沒有作出 選擇時 ，依照第款所要適用的法律的 強制性規(guī)則對其提供的保 護。Notwithstanding

40、the provisions of Article 4, a contract of employment shall, in the absence of choice in accordance with Article3, be governed: (a) by the law of the country in which the employeehabitually carries out his work in performance of the contract, evenif he is temporarilyemployed in another country; or (

41、b) if theemployee does not habitually carry out his work in any one country,by the law of the countryin which the place of business throughwhichhe was engaged is situated;unless itappears fromthecircumstances as a whole that the contract is more closely connectedwith another country, in which case t

42、he contract shall be governed bythe law of that country.盡管有第條的規(guī)定，在未根據(jù)第條作出任何法律 選擇時，雇傭合同應當：（）適用受雇為者履行合同而 慣常工作的國家的法律，即使他是在另一國家內(nèi) 臨時受雇；或者（）如果受雇者并不慣常地在任何一國工作，則適用其受雇傭的 經(jīng)營所在地國家的法律。除非從整個情況看，合同與另一國家具有更密切的 聯(lián)系，則在這種情況下，該合同應適用那個國家的法律。Article 7 Mandatory rules第條 強制性規(guī)則When applying under this Convention the law of

43、a country, effect may be given to the mandatory rules of the law of anothercountry with which the situation has a close connection, if and in sofar as, under the law of the lattercountry,those rules must beapplied whatever the law applicable to the contract. In consideringwhether to give effect to t

44、hese mandatory rules, regard shall be hadtotheirnatureand purposeandto the consequences of theirapplication or non-application.在依照本公 約適用某國法律 時，若情況與另一國家有密切 聯(lián)系，而且如果 該國法律規(guī)定，無論合同適用什么法律， 這些強制性規(guī)則都必須予以適用，則可以適用 該國法律的 強制性規(guī)則。在考慮是否適用這些強制性規(guī)則時，應注意到其性 質(zhì)和目的，以及適用或不適用 這些強制性規(guī)則所產(chǎn)生的后果。Nothing in this Convention shall r

45、estrict the application of the rules of the law of the forum in a situation where they are mandatory irrespective of the law otherwise applicable to the contract.本公約任何條款不得限制法院地法強制規(guī)則 的適用，不論合同適用什么法律。Article 8 Material validity第條 實質(zhì)上的效力1. The existence and validity of a contract, or of any term of acon

46、tract, shall be determined by the law which would govern it underthis Convention if the contract or term were valid.合同或合同任何條款的存在及效力，應由在合同或其條款有效的情況下，根據(jù)本公 約所指定的適用法律來確定。Nevertheless a party may rely upon the law of the country in which he has his habitual residence to establish that he did not consent

47、if it appears from the circumstances that it would not be reasonable to determine the effect of his conduct in accordance with the law specified in the preceding paragraph.但是，如果情況表明按照前款規(guī)定的法律確定當事人行為的效力不合理 時，該當事人可以依據(jù)其慣常居所地國的法律來確定其不同意適用 該法律。Article 9 Formal validity第條 形式上的效力A contract concluded between

48、 persons who are in the same country is formally valid if it satisfies the formal requirements of the law which governs it under this Convention or of the law of the country where it is concluded.在同一國家的當事人之間訂立的合同，如果具 備了根據(jù)本公 約適用于 該合同的法律或 該合同訂立國的法律所 規(guī)定的形式要件， 則該合同在形式上有效。A contract concluded between per

49、sons who are in different countries is formally valid if it satisfies the formal requirements of the law which governs it under this Convention or of the law of oneof those countries.在不同國家當事人之間訂立的合同，如果具 備了根據(jù)本公 約適用于該合同的法律或 這些國家中某個國家的法律所規(guī)定的形式要件，則該合同在形式上有效。Where a contract is concluded by an agent, the

50、 country in which the agent acts is the relevant country for the purposes of paragraphs 1 and 2.如果合同是通 過代理人 訂立的，則代理人 實施行為的國家即 為本條第款和第款所指的有關(guān)國家。4. An act intended to have legal effect relating to an existing orcontemplatedcontractis formallyvalidifit satisfies the formalrequirementsof the law which un

51、der this Convention governs orwould govern the contract or of the law of the country where the actwas done.一項旨在對已經(jīng)訂立的合同或 擬訂立的合同具有法律效力的行為，如果具備了根據(jù)本公 約適用于或?qū)⒁m用于 該合同的法律所 規(guī)定的形式要件，或者具 備了實施該項行為的國家法律的形式要件 時，則該行為在形式上有效。The provisions of the preceding paragraphs shall not apply to a contract to which Article

52、5 applies, concluded in the circumstancesdescribed in paragraph 2 of Article 5. The formal validity of such acontract is governed by the law of the country in which the consumerhas his habitual residence.前款規(guī)定不適用于在第條第款所指情況下訂立并適用第條第款規(guī)定的合同。該類合同在形式上的效力受消費者慣常居所地國的法律管 轄。6. Notwithstanding paragraphs 1 to

53、4 of this Article, a contractthe subject matter of which is a rightin immovable propertyor aright to use immovable propertyshall be subject to the mandatoryrequirements of form of the law of the country where the property issituated if by that law those requirements are imposed irrespective ofthe co

54、untry where the contract is concluded and irrespective of thelaw governing the contract.盡管有本條第至款的 規(guī)定，標的為不動產(chǎn)所有權(quán)或不動產(chǎn)使用權(quán)的合同，應受不動產(chǎn)所在地國法律 對形式的強制性要求的管 轄，如果根據(jù) 該法律，不論合同在何國 訂立或適用何法律， 這些形式要求必須符合。Article 10 Scope of the applicable law第條適用法律的范 圍The law applicable to a contract by virtue of Articles 3 to 6 and 1

55、2 of this Convention shall govern in particular:(a) interpretation;(b) performance;within the limits of the powers conferred on the court by its procedural law, the consquences of breach, including the assessment of damages in so far as it is governed by rules of law;the various ways of extinguishin

56、g obligations, and prescription and limitation of actions;the consequences of nullity of the contract.根據(jù)本公 約第至第條和第條的規(guī)定，合同的適用法律特 別應具體管轄下列事項：（）（合同的釋）；解（）（合同的）履行；（）訴在訟法授予法院的 權(quán)限內(nèi)，對違約的后果，包括對損害賠償?shù)墓蓝ㄖ灰?對此作出規(guī)定；（債）務消滅的各種方法，訴訟時效及訴訟限制；（）合同無效的后果。In relation to the manner of performance and the steps to be tak

57、en in the event of defective performance regard shall be had to the law of the country in which performance takes place.關(guān)于履行合同的方式以及履行有瑕疵時所采取的步 驟，應考慮履行地國家的法律。Article 11 Incapacity第條無行為能力In a contract concluded between persons who are in the samecountry, a natural person who would have capacity under

58、the law ofthat country may invoke his incapacity resulting from another lawonly if the other party to the contract was aware of this incapacity atthe time of the conclusion of the contract or was not aware thereof asa result of negligence.在同一國家的當事人之 間訂立的合同，如果根據(jù) 該國法律 規(guī)定一個自然人具有行 為能力，那么只有當合同另一方當事人在 訂立合

59、同時知道或者由于疏忽而不知道其無行 為能力，該自然人才可援引其按另一國家的法律無行 為能力的事 實。Article 12 Voluntary assignment第條自愿轉(zhuǎn)讓The mutual obligations of assignor and assignee under a voluntary assignment of a right against another person (the debtor) shall be governed by the law which under this Conventionapplies to the contract between t

60、he assignor and assignee.根據(jù)自愿 轉(zhuǎn)讓針對 某人（債務人）的權(quán)利而產(chǎn)生的轉(zhuǎn)讓人與受讓人之間的相互 義務，應由根據(jù)本公 約指定的適用于 轉(zhuǎn)讓人和受 讓人訂立的合同的法律所支配。2. The law governing the right to which the assignment relates shall determine its assignability, the relationship between the assignee and the debtor, the conditions under which the assignment can be