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3、ub.topsa/forum-136-1.html 大家網(wǎng)論壇高中英語(yǔ)版收集整理，僅供學(xué)習(xí)交流使用！高考英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作增分關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)詳解善用句型語(yǔ)法和詞匯 很多考生在面對(duì)高考英語(yǔ)作文部分時(shí)往往覺(jué)得無(wú)從下手，只能機(jī)械地寫(xiě)出幾個(gè)連自己都覺(jué)得太平淡的簡(jiǎn)單句因此造成較多失分。其原因很明顯：首先，在聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫(xiě)四項(xiàng)技能中，寫(xiě)作無(wú)疑是難度最大的一項(xiàng)。其次，大家平時(shí)最容易忽視的，最缺乏練習(xí)的就是寫(xiě)作。 然而，高考寫(xiě)作是有規(guī)律可循的。通過(guò)恰當(dāng)?shù)木毩?xí)，考生們完全可以在較短的時(shí)間內(nèi)取得較大的提高，這在新東方的課堂是屢見(jiàn)不鮮的。 高考作文采用總體評(píng)分方式，評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)集中在四個(gè)方面： 1.覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)； 2.應(yīng)用了較多的語(yǔ)法結(jié)

4、構(gòu)和詞匯； 3.在使用復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或高級(jí)詞匯時(shí)允許有些許錯(cuò)誤； 4.有效地使用了語(yǔ)句間的連接成分，全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。 大部分考生在句型詞匯及句子連接方面達(dá)不到要求，導(dǎo)致低分。本文以2001年考題為例，談一談如何運(yùn)用較復(fù)雜的句型語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯。 2001年考題： 假設(shè)你是李華,你的澳大利亞朋友Dick聽(tīng)說(shuō)中國(guó)的中小學(xué)正在減輕學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)擔(dān), 來(lái)信詢問(wèn)有關(guān)情況。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下表提供的信息，寫(xiě)一封回信，談一談減負(fù)給你的學(xué)習(xí)和生活帶來(lái)的變化。 周末活動(dòng) （減負(fù)前） 周末活動(dòng)：（減負(fù)后） 白天： 上課，做作業(yè) 白天： 餐館博物館，學(xué)習(xí)電腦，繪畫(huà) 晚上：做作業(yè) 晚上： 看新聞，讀書(shū)，看報(bào) 就寢時(shí)間： 11：30 就寢

5、時(shí)間： 10：00 注意： 1詞數(shù)為100左右 2開(kāi)頭已為你寫(xiě)好 3生詞： 減輕學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)擔(dān)reduce learning load Dear Dick， How nice to hear from you again. 當(dāng)年大部分考生只是對(duì)圖表進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)單的翻譯，導(dǎo)致文章異常單調(diào)、重復(fù)，分?jǐn)?shù)很不理想。如何才能在簡(jiǎn)單的內(nèi)容上運(yùn)用較復(fù)雜的句型詞匯呢？考生在寫(xiě)“減負(fù)前”的情況時(shí)只會(huì)簡(jiǎn)單地寫(xiě): I always had classes and did homework in the daytime and did homework at night. I often went to bed at 11:3

6、0. 這無(wú)異于簡(jiǎn)單機(jī)械地翻譯中文！得分可想而知！ 其實(shí)考生完全可以使用學(xué)過(guò)的比較復(fù)雜的句型語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。例如我們可以使用tooto句型：I was too busy having classes and doing homework at weekends to go to bed before 11:30. 我們也可以使用定語(yǔ)從句: I used to spend whole weekends attending classes and doing homework, which often kept me up until 11:30 at night. 我們還可以使用倒裝句：Not unti

7、l 11:30 PM could I go to bed because I had to finish my homework after having lessons by day. 或者：So busy was I attending classes and doing homework that I could not go to sleep before 11:30 at night. 我們甚至還可以使用擬人手法：Weekends used to find me attending school and doing homework. 由此讀者可以看出：高分和低分的作文的區(qū)別主要體現(xiàn)

8、在語(yǔ)言形式方面。故考生努力的方向就應(yīng)該是有意識(shí)地，恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂帽容^復(fù)雜的句型語(yǔ)法和詞匯。讀者應(yīng)先培養(yǎng)這種意識(shí)，然后進(jìn)行大量練習(xí)。下面的練習(xí)重點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練的就是句型詞匯和有效連接，請(qǐng)讀者不要進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的翻譯，而是通讀上下文，盡量多地使用復(fù)雜多樣的句型詞匯。 根據(jù)2001年考題填空。Dear Dick,How nice to hear from you again.1.過(guò)去_, I used to have classes all day and do homework at night. And I didnt go to bed until 11:30.2.連接詞_, nowadays, I have

9、more time做我想做的_.周末變得更加豐富多彩了_.3.白天_, I often visit museums or 學(xué)電腦及繪畫(huà)_.使用擬人句_.4.In the evening,使用eitheror句型_.5.而且_, I go to bed/sleep earlier than beforeat ten oclock.6.發(fā)揮一句I hope _. 參考答案：1過(guò)去In the past , I used to have classes all day and do homework at night. And I didnt go to bed until 11:30.2連接詞Fo

10、rtunately/ However, nowadays, I have more time 做我想做的to do what I desire/like/ choose/ want/ prefer/am fond of .周末更加豐富多彩了the weekends have become more interesting/fun/ less tiring/ no longer study-centered/ exam-oriented .3白天In the daytime/ during the day, I often visit museums or 學(xué)電腦及繪畫(huà)learn compute

11、r and drawing/go to computer and drawing lessons.使用擬人句 Daytime finds me visiting museums or learning computer and drawing.4.In the evening, 使用eitheror句型I can either watch news reports or read newspapers and books.5.而且What is more/In addition/ Besides/ More importantly, I go to bed/sleep earlier than

12、 beforeat ten oclock.6.發(fā)揮一句I hope things wont have to change in the future/ can become even better/ the learning load could be further reduced. I hope you are also enjoying pleasant weekends now. （作者：方林廣州新東方中學(xué)部?jī)?yōu)秀教師）2009高考英語(yǔ)作文備考學(xué)案. NMET書(shū)面表達(dá)第五項(xiàng)要求1. 覆蓋所有的語(yǔ)言要點(diǎn)。 內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)可用不同方式表達(dá)。對(duì)緊扣主題的適當(dāng)發(fā)揮不予扣分。2. 應(yīng)用詞匯和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的數(shù)

13、量和準(zhǔn)確性。值得注意的是語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面雖有些許錯(cuò)誤, 但為盡力使用較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級(jí)詞匯所致; 具備較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。3.有效地使用了語(yǔ)句間的連接成分,使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。. 常見(jiàn)的不足1 漢語(yǔ)式英語(yǔ)2 無(wú)過(guò)渡語(yǔ)3 句式單一,平鋪直敘. 如何增強(qiáng)書(shū)面表達(dá)效果使用較高級(jí)的詞匯使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞使用較豐富的句式一、怎樣使用較高級(jí)的詞匯1. Because the weather was good, our journey was comfortable.2. We all think he is a great man.3. Suddenly I thought out a good idea.4

14、. The students there neednt pay for their books.5. As a result the plan was a failure.6. When she heard he had died, she went pale with sorrow.7. She went to Austria in order to study music. 8. When he spoke, he felt more and more excited.9.In our school, there are twenty-six classrooms.10. You can

15、find my house easily. 二、怎樣使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞連接詞使文章語(yǔ)意通順，前后銜接緊密，可采用以下方法：提示1：恰當(dāng)使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞，如when，so，if，because，so that等。提示2：巧妙使用意思有聯(lián)系的詞或短語(yǔ)，如First, Second, Third, Soon, Whats more, As a result等。提示3：適當(dāng)使用過(guò)渡性語(yǔ)句，如The reasons are as follows./Every coin has two sides./On the other hand,/On the contrary,Besides, it would be b

16、etter for her to have a pet dog as I have kept one at home for some time. ( 2007全國(guó)I)First, she can make some pocket money to meet pet daily needs and thus develop a sense of independence. Second, she can learn how to deal with various problems in the workplace. Third, she can build up new friendship

17、s and improve bet social skills. (2007陜西)In my opinion, learning English is a step-by-step process. (2007浙江)連接詞、句型的選擇1、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系 （肯定）Besides / Whats more / Also /In addition/Furthermore（否定）Whats worse / Even worse / Worse still /To make matters worse2、時(shí)間 一就：The moment / On doing / as soon as /immediately

18、 / directly不 久：It was not long before / After a while / Soon 然 后：After that / Then / So / Next同 時(shí)： At the same time / Meanwhile3、轉(zhuǎn) 折：however , / but / on the contrary / On the other hand / yet / although4、順 序：First / Second / Third / Last / Next/Then5、條 件：If / As long as / So long as /on condition t

19、hat / unless6、強(qiáng) 調(diào)：It was that / who / So she did . /I do hope / She did help me. /It really worked./ besides/ furthermore/moreover/whats more/ certainly/ actually/ in fact7、其 它：不得不做某事：have to do sth./have no choice but to do sth./have nothing to do but do sth.有必要做某事：There is no need (for sb.) to do

20、sth./It is necessary (for sb.)to do 最好 做某 事：Youd better do sth. / Its better to do sth.做某事沒(méi)困難：have no difficulty in doing sth. / have no trouble in doing sth.感 謝 某 人：thank sb. / be thankful to sb./ express ones thanks to sb. /be grateful to sb. / Thanks to 求 助 某 人：turn to sb. for help / ask sb. for

21、help / with the help of / with ones help驚 奇：To ones surprise / In surprise / Surprisingly / only +不定式（表意外結(jié)果）結(jié) 果：As a result / Therefore / Thus / So總 結(jié)：In a word / In short / Above all / After all/ generally speaking/ to sum up/ in all/altogether / as is known to all表 達(dá) 觀 點(diǎn)：In my opinion / I think /

22、I believe / Im sure / I guess原因如下（很多）：he reasons are as follows. /here are many reasons for it.浪費(fèi)金錢(qián)（時(shí)間）：Its a waste of money / time Task: 請(qǐng)?jiān)谙铝芯渥又校ㄩg）填上恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞或意思有聯(lián)系的短語(yǔ)。Yao Ming was walking in the street he heard someone cry for help.He advised that I hire a car I could travel around in the west .It wa

23、s not long the police came. he heard the cry for help, he jumped into the water to save the girl.o you agree with my arrangement ? ,do write to me soon.We can go downtown and do some shopping. , we can pay a visit to some places of interest.7、I shared the cost of the gas with my friends . , I saved

24、$80.8、Eating sugar is bad for our teeth. , it may make us fat.Task: Writing Practice 請(qǐng)你給中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)寫(xiě)一篇稿件，談?wù)勣r(nóng)村兒童失學(xué)的主要原因及你的看法。原因：1、家庭貧窮，供不起兒童上學(xué)，他們不得不在家賺錢(qián)養(yǎng)家。2、部分家長(zhǎng)認(rèn)為女孩上學(xué)無(wú)用，不愿讓她們上學(xué)。 3、 部分兒童對(duì)功課不感興趣，不愿上學(xué)。看法：1、 每個(gè)兒童包括女孩都應(yīng)有受教育的機(jī)會(huì)。2、全社會(huì)都應(yīng)重視兒童教育，他們對(duì)國(guó)家的未來(lái)將起到重要的作用。要求：1、不要逐字逐句翻譯。 2、語(yǔ)句要連貫通順。 3、字?jǐn)?shù)100個(gè)左右。 Now in the count

25、ry areas, there are many children out of school. Most families are poor and cant afford their education. They have to stay at home and make money. Some parents think daughters neednt go to school. They dont let them go to school. Some children are not interested in their studies and wouldnt like to

26、go to school. All the children including girls should be educated. The whole society should pay attention to it. Theyll play an important part in the future of our country.診斷：?優(yōu)點(diǎn) 1、詞能達(dá)意；2、語(yǔ)句表達(dá)基本正確。缺點(diǎn) 語(yǔ)句不夠連貫藥方 1、使用常見(jiàn)句型；2、每?jī)蓚€(gè)句子之間使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞或過(guò)渡詞。Now in the country areas, there are many children out of school

27、.。，most families are too poor to send their children to school . ,they have no choice but to stay at home and make money. ,some parents think there is no need for their daughters to go to school. ,they dont let them go to school. ,some children are not interested in their studies. ,some wouldnt like

28、 to go to school.,all the children including girls should be educated . ,the whole society should pay attention to it theyll play an important part in the future of our country one day.三、怎樣使用較豐富的句式方法一. 使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使句子簡(jiǎn)潔高檔Rewrite the sentences1. They arrived at the school. They felt the happy atmosphere.2

29、. I will be given another chance. I will succeed.3. He wants to improve his English. He studies hard. 4 When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.（使用V-ing形式）.Complete the sentences with non-predicate (非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息, 他們變的很激動(dòng)。 _the news, they got excited.6. 盡管被告知許多遍, 他仍然重復(fù)這個(gè)錯(cuò)。 _many times, he still rep

30、eated the mistake.7. 除非被邀請(qǐng)發(fā)言, 你應(yīng)該在會(huì)議上保持沉默。 Unless _to speak, you should keep silent at the meeting.Translate the following sentences by using non-predicate (非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)8. 面對(duì)困難時(shí)，他從不放棄。9. 引入市場(chǎng)后，該產(chǎn)品大獲成功。10. 做完作業(yè)后，他回家了。方法二. 巧用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)增強(qiáng)句子的表現(xiàn)力Complete the sentences1. He didnt realize his foolishness until he retu

31、rned home. Not until .2. We can save the earth by changing the way we live. Only .3. He is clever but he does not work hard. as / though .4. The clock tower stands on the other side of the street. On the other side of the street .Translate the sentences by using Inverted Sentences(倒裝句)5. 他從不說(shuō)關(guān)于他家庭的事

32、。6. 只有我們每個(gè)人都意識(shí)到水的重要性, 我們才能生活得更好。7. 只有用這種方式, 我們才能有足夠的精力好好學(xué)習(xí)。8. Describe the character（濟(jì)公） by using Inverted Sentence(倒裝句)9. 他是個(gè)孩子，卻知道很多。10. 墻上有個(gè)通知，上面寫(xiě)著“請(qǐng)節(jié)約用水”。方法三. 嘗試多樣化表達(dá)方式1、感嘆句 e.g. 1) How happy I was when I received your letter.2） What a kind boy he is! 3）How disappointed he was !2、強(qiáng)調(diào)句 e.g. It was

33、 this young boy that helped the old granny. 3、倒裝句 e.g. 1) Only in this way can you solve this problem.2) There comes the police car.3) Hardly had they got to the station when they met the young man.4、省略句 e.g. They read while walking or riding on a bus.5、with短語(yǔ) e.g. I saw a young lady walking slowly

34、in the street with a handbag in her hand.6、定語(yǔ)從句 e.g. In my opinion, cyber cafes should be a place where we can find much useful information.7、各種名詞性從句 e.g. Thats what I should do.8、各種狀語(yǔ)從句 e.g. Use ifferent ways to describe the picture （連戰(zhàn)的破冰之旅）一就受到歡迎a. As soon as Lien Chan and his wife arrived at the

35、 airport, they were warmly welcomed.b. On arriving at the airport, Lien Chan and his wifec. Lien Chan and his wife were warmly welcomed directly/ the moment they arrived at the airport.d. No sooner had Lien Chan and his wife arrived at the airport than they were e. Hardly had Lien Chan and his wife

36、arrived at the airport when they were Task: 按要求改寫(xiě)下列句子,使其更具文采。1. He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句型) 2. I hope I can pay a visit to you next year.（強(qiáng)調(diào)）3. Tom was puzzled.（感嘆）4. It is great fun to climb the hill.（感嘆）5. Tom and Mary like singing songs.（肯

37、定倒裝）6. John likes to study and play.（否定倒裝）7. Though Im weak, Ill make the effort. (使用倒裝句)8. To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.（使用名詞性從句）9. Soon the firefighters came.（表時(shí)間句型）10. In recent years, Beijing has been advancing very fast.All these make peoples lives convenient, pleasant

38、and colorful.a._which_b. With the development of _c. _so _ that_Translate the sentences:我校是一所市重點(diǎn)中學(xué)， 位于樂(lè)陵西郊。校園很美,綠樹(shù)成蔭。West of Leling lies our school, which is a key school of Dezhou city. It is beautiful, surrounded with many trees/with many trees.Task:書(shū)面表達(dá)：聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織某考察團(tuán)正在我國(guó)某鄉(xiāng)村參觀考察。假定你是接待人員，請(qǐng)根據(jù)下列提示以發(fā)言

39、稿的形式簡(jiǎn)要介紹這個(gè)村的情況： 1)大?。航?00戶人家，約500口人。 2)變化：過(guò)去很窮，78年后變化很大。人們生活比以前好多了?，F(xiàn)已舊貌換新顏。 3)教育：原來(lái)的學(xué)校很小，現(xiàn)已經(jīng)過(guò)改建。新建的教學(xué)樓有4層，是村里最美的建筑物。村所有學(xué)齡兒童在此免費(fèi)就讀。 注意：1）要點(diǎn)齊全，前后連貫。 2）詞數(shù)：100-120之間。Ladies and gentlemen, Welcome to our school! This village is very small. It has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be ve

40、ry poor. It has changed a lot since 1978 . People here are richer than before. Now it is taking on a new look.In the past, the school here was very small . Now it has been rebuilt. The newly built teaching building has 4 storeys . It is the most beautiful building in the village. All the school-age

41、children can study here. They enjoy free education in it. Thank you.Ladies and gentlemen, Welcome to our school! This village is a small one with/which has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor. However, it has changed a lot since 1978 and has been developing very fast. P

42、eople here live a much better life than before . Now it is taking on a new look. In the past, the school here was very small and most children couldnt afford to go to school. But now it has been rebuilt and the newly built teaching building which has 4 storeys is the most beautiful one in the villag

43、e. All the school-age children can study here. Whats more, they enjoy free education. May you enjoy your stay here / May you have a pleasant time here! Thank you. 習(xí)作分析Task:書(shū)面表達(dá)(滿分25分)某中學(xué)生英語(yǔ)報(bào)社正開(kāi)展一場(chǎng)題為“Young teachers or elderly teachers，which do you prefer?”請(qǐng)你依據(jù)下面表格所提供的要點(diǎn)寫(xiě)一篇短文，向該報(bào)社投稿。注意：1詞數(shù)100左右，開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)已為你

44、寫(xiě)好，不計(jì)入總數(shù)；2短文必須包含表格的全部?jī)?nèi)容。要求觀點(diǎn)明確，結(jié)構(gòu)合理，緊湊連貫學(xué)生作品1： Compare with young teachers, I prefer elderly teachers. There are some reasons below. For one thing, most of elderly teachers are patient in teaching. They not only spare no effort to teach the students, but also give classes carefully .They will do all

45、 they can to make the students understand the teaching content. What good teachers! For another thing, elderly teachers are full of teaching experience. This is also the most important, especially for us senior students. This is only my opinion. I think young teachers are also good.點(diǎn) 評(píng)：亮 點(diǎn)：1、觀點(diǎn)鮮明，詞匯

46、句型的運(yùn)用比較靈活2、過(guò)渡詞及連詞的使用使文章結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊連貫、條理清楚。不足之處：1、個(gè)別地方的表達(dá)需要改進(jìn)。1) Compared2) more3) try to make the classes lively and interesting2、審題不全面，忽略了對(duì)青年教師這部分信息的處理。這一點(diǎn)是比較大的失誤。學(xué)生作品2: Opinions are divided on this question. Some students who like the elderly teachers more than the young ones think thatthe elderly ones a

47、re more patient in teaching, more careful in explaining and also have a lot of experience. However, the others have a different opinion. They think the teachers who are young are full of energy. Besides, their teaching is lively and they dare to bring in the new ideas. Well, in my opinion, I like bo

48、th the elderly teachers and the young ones because from them we both can learn a lot.點(diǎn) 評(píng)：亮 點(diǎn)：1、段落清楚，要點(diǎn)齊全，句式表達(dá)比較靈活，能適當(dāng)運(yùn)用復(fù)句。2、過(guò)渡詞運(yùn)用也比較熟練。需要改進(jìn)的地方：1) prefer the elderly teachers to the young ones2) with explanations3) the 去掉4) The young teachersSome useful suggestions:對(duì)于英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)不好的學(xué)生，可以這樣處理：把所給的材料分為幾個(gè)點(diǎn)，每個(gè)點(diǎn)用

49、1-2句簡(jiǎn)單句表達(dá)出來(lái)；而對(duì)于英語(yǔ)較好的學(xué)生，盡可能地運(yùn)用一些高級(jí)詞匯跟適當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用一些復(fù)合句，關(guān)鍵是要表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確到位。 1. 重點(diǎn)詞匯的處理跟運(yùn)用1）Elderly teachers have more patience. /They are more patient.2) Elderly teachers always explain things more carefully.They are more careful with explanations.3) Elderly teachers are rich in teaching experience. They are experie

50、nced in teaching. /They have more/rich teaching experience.4) Young teachers are full of energy. /They have more energy. /They are more energetic.5) Young teachers teaching is more lively. /They can make their classes lively and interesting.6) Young teachers like to think up/bring in new ideas.They

51、are more ready to accept or create new ideas.2. 句型的靈活運(yùn)用1) Some students may think old teachers teaching is better. In their opinion, old teachers have more teaching experience and they are very patient. Also, they can explain things more carefully.Some students may like elderly teachers teaching bec

52、ause they think elderly teachers have more teaching experience and that they tend to be patient and careful with explanations. 2) Many young teachers work very hard. So their teaching is becoming better and better. Most young teachers devote themselves to their work, making them teach creatively and

53、 effectively.One possible version:Opinions are divided on this question. Some students may like elderly teachers teaching because they think elderly teachers have more teaching experience and that they tend to be patient and careful with explanations. However, I prefer to be taught by young teachers

54、. Firstly, we students have much in common with them. So they are our friends as well as our teachers. Secondly, they are more .energetic and enthusiastic. Usually they can make their classes lively and interesting. Besides, they are more ready to accept or create new ideas, including teaching. Thir

55、dly, most young teachers devote themselves to their work, making them teach creatively and effectively.In a word, I prefer young teachers to elderly teachers. 課堂小結(jié)1. 使用較高級(jí)的詞匯詞匯反映你知識(shí)貯存量的多少，也是衡量英語(yǔ)水平的一個(gè)重要標(biāo)志。2. 使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞使用恰當(dāng)連接詞，對(duì)寫(xiě)一篇有“英語(yǔ)味”的文章很重要，能使文章上下銜接自然、緊湊。3. 使用較豐富的句式運(yùn)用得當(dāng)?shù)木渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)可以給文章增色不少，從而使整篇文章因此而生輝 。固定

56、搭配 (一)名詞的固定搭配介詞+名詞形式第一組by accident 偶然 on account of 因?yàn)?，由于in addition 另外 in addition to 除之外(包括)in the air 在 HYPERLINK /jjxy/xy02.shtml t _blank 流行中，在傳播中on (the/an) average 平均，一般來(lái)說(shuō)on the basis of 根據(jù)，在的基礎(chǔ)上at (the) best 充其量，至多for the better 好轉(zhuǎn)，改善on board 在船(車、飛機(jī))上out of breath 喘不過(guò)氣來(lái)on business 因公，因事in a

57、ny case 無(wú)論如何，總之in case of 假使，萬(wàn)一in case 假如，以防(萬(wàn)一)，免得in no case 決不第二組by chance 偶然，碰巧in charge (of) 負(fù)責(zé)，主管(a) round the clock 晝夜不停地in common 共用，共有，共同in conclusion 最后，總之on condition that 在條件下in confidence 信任in connection with/to關(guān)于in consequence 因此，結(jié)果in consequence of 由于的緣故on the contrary 反之，正相反in contras

58、t with/to 與成對(duì)照out of control 失去控制under control 被控制住at all costs 不惜任何代價(jià)at the cost of 以為代價(jià)第三組in the course of 在過(guò)程中，在期間of course 當(dāng)然，自然，無(wú)疑in danger 在危險(xiǎn)中，垂危out of danger 脫離危險(xiǎn)out of date 過(guò)期(時(shí))的up to date 時(shí)新的in debt 欠債in detail 詳細(xì)地in difficulties 處境困難in the distance 在遠(yuǎn)處off duty 下班on duty 值班，上班on earth 究竟，

59、到底at all events 無(wú)論如何in any event 無(wú)論如何in effect 有效；實(shí)際上第四組in the event of 萬(wàn)一，如果發(fā)生for example 例如with the exception of除之外in the face of 面對(duì)，不顧，即使in fact 其實(shí)，實(shí)際上on fire 燒著on foot 步行in force 有效；實(shí)施中in favo(u)r of 有利于，贊成，支持in front of 在面前in (the) future 今后，將來(lái)on guard 警惕，防范in general 通常，大體上in half 成兩半at hand 在

60、手邊，在附近from tip to toe 徹頭徹尾，完全by hand 用手hand down to 往下傳，傳給(后代)第五組hand in hand 手拉手，攜手in hand 在掌握中，在控制中on hand 在手邊，臨近on (the) one hand. 一方面，on the other hand.另一方面at heart 在內(nèi)心；實(shí)質(zhì)上by heart 牢記，憑記憶at home 在家，在國(guó)內(nèi)；自在，自如in honor of 以紀(jì)念，向表示敬意on ones honor 以名譽(yù)擔(dān)保in a hurry 匆忙地，立即for instance 例如，舉例說(shuō)at intervals