1、精選優質文檔傾情為你奉上精選優質文檔傾情為你奉上專心專注專業專心專注專業精選優質文檔傾情為你奉上專心專注專業Works:Part 1. The Literature of Colonial AmericaJohn Smith 1580-16311 first American writerA True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony; A Map of Virginia with a De

2、scription of the Country; The General History of Virginia, New England, and the Summer IslesRoger Williams 1603-16831 Begins the history of religious toleration in AmericaA key into the Language of AmericaEdward Taylor 1612-16721 The best of the puritan poetsNo publishing of his work, most treat rel

3、igious themes, many poems based directly on Psalms.Thomas Jefferson 1743-18261 The first American secretary of stateDrafted the Declaration of IndependenceThomas Paine托馬斯潘恩1737-1809The Case of the Officers of Excise(his first pamphlet)稅務員問題；Common Sense常識；American Crisis美國危機；Rights of Man人的權利：Downfa

4、ll of Despotism專制體制的崩潰；The Age of Reason理性時代 Agrarian Justice -last important treaties1 Great Commoner of Mankind2 The most articulate spokesman of the American Revolution3 natural gift for pamphleteering and rebellionPhilip Freneau菲利普弗倫諾1752-1832Father of American PoetryThe Rising Glory of America蒸

5、蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英國囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans紀念美國勇士同類詩中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金銀花；The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殯葬地 1 the most outstanding writer of the post-revolutionary period 2 “Poet of the American Revolution”3 herald American literary independence Anne BradstreetThe

6、 Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America, To My Dear and Loving Husband.1 One of the most interesting of the early of the poets.Jonathan EdwardsThe Freedom of the Will,The Great Doctrine of Original Sin defended,The Nature of True Virtue, Sinners in the Hand of a Angry GodBenjamin Franklin本杰明富蘭克林1706

7、-1790A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money; Poor Richards Almanac窮查理歷書；The Way to Wealth致富之道； Autobiography自傳1 aided Jefferson in writing the Declaration of Independence2. One of the first major writers.Part 2. Early RomanticismHenry Wadsworth Longfellow亨利沃茲沃思朗費羅1807-1882Th

8、e Song of Hiawatha海華沙之歌美國人寫的第一部印第安人史詩establish his poetical reputation;Voices of the Night夜吟the first collection of poems;Ballads and Other Poens民謠及其他詩;Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems布魯茨的鐘樓及其他詩;Tales of a Wayside Inn路邊客棧的故事詩集：An April Day四月的一天/A Psalm of Life人生禮贊;The tide rises, the tide falls; The

9、 secret of the Sea./Paul Reveres Ride保羅里維爾的夜奔;Evangeline伊凡吉琳;The Courtship of Miles Standish邁爾斯斯坦迪什的求婚敘事長詩；Poems on Slavery奴役篇反蓄奴組詩；Outre-Mer in loving imitation of The Sketch Book; Hyperion(romance)Dramatic work: Michael Angelo1 The most beloved American poet of his time2 the only American to be ho

10、nored with a bust in the Poets Corner of Westminster AbbeyWilliam Cullen BryantThanatopsis(17 view of death), To a Waterfowl (the peak of his work)-the most perfect brief poem in the language- Matthew Arnold1 one of the great editors of American journalism2 the first American to gain the stature of

11、a major poetJames Fennimore Cooper詹姆斯費尼莫爾庫珀1789-1851The Spy間諜;The Pilot領航者;The Littlepage Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿;Leatherstocking Tales皮裹腿故事集(5):The Pioneer拓荒者；The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人;The Prairie大草原;The Pathfinder探路者;The Deerslayer殺鹿者- the nearest approach yet to an American epic-Allan Nevins1 the fi

12、rst American novelist began his literary career on a dareWashington Irving華盛頓歐文1783-1859A History of New York紐約的歷史美國人寫的第一部詼諧文學杰作；The Sketch Book見聞札記The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的傳說使之成為美國第一個獲得國際聲譽的作家；Bracebridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田莊；Talks of Travellers旅客談；The Alhambra阿爾罕伯拉; Rip Van Winkle.1 the first great p

13、rose stylist of American Romanticism 2 the first great belletrist 純文學作者3 the first modern short stories and the frist great American juvenile literature4 the only American writer of his generation who could chide the British in an atmosphere of good humor Part 3. TranscendentalismRalf Waldo Emerson拉

14、爾夫沃爾多愛默生1803-1882Essays散文集:Nature論自然新英格蘭超驗主義者的宣言書;The American Scholar論美國學者- “our intellectual Declaration of Independence”- Oliver Wendell Holmes;Divinity; The Oversoul論超靈;Self-reliance論自立;The Transcendentalist超驗主義者;Representative Men代表人物;English Traits英國人的特征;School Address神學院演說; Concord Hymn康考德頌;T

15、he Rhodo杜鵑花;The Humble Bee野蜂;Days日子-首開自由詩之先河1 responsible for bringing Transcendentalism to New England -the leader of the movement2 one of the most influential American thinkers, yet he had no elaborate , formal system of thought and he never attempted to create oneHenry David Threau亨利大衛梭羅1817-1862

16、Wadde華騰湖或林中生活;Resistance to Civil Government/Civil Disobedience抵制公民政府-no man should violate his conscience at the command of a government ;A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers 1 Emersons truest disciple 門徒2 self-reliance and independence of mind 3 no sense of being confined by the narrow geogr

17、aphical limits of his lifePart 4. High RomanticsEdgar Allan Poe埃德加愛倫坡1809-1849（以詩為詩；永為世人共賞的偉大抒情詩人葉芝）Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque怪誕奇異故事集;Tales故事集;The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋的倒塌;Ligeia萊琪兒;Annabel Lee安娜貝爾李歌特風格；首開近代偵探小說先河，又是法國象征主義運動的源頭; Tamerlane and Other Poems帖木兒和其他詩;Al Araaf,Tamerlane

18、and Minor Poems艾爾阿拉夫，帖木兒和其他詩;The Raven and Other Poems烏鴉及其他詩:The Raven烏鴉;The City in the Sea海城;Israfel 伊斯拉菲爾;To Hellen致海倫Walt Whitman沃爾特惠特曼1819-1892Leaves of Grass草葉集free verse, about man and nature:Song of the Broad-Axe闊斧之歌;I hear America Singing我聽見美洲在歌唱;When Lilacs Lost in the Dooryard Bloomd小院丁香花

19、開時;Democratic Vistas民主的前景;The Tramp and Strike Question流浪漢和罷工問題;Song of Myself自我之歌; I sit and look out; O Captain, My Captain.1 one of great innovators in American literatureEmily Dickinson埃米莉迪金森1830-1886Im nobody! Who are You? Success is counted sweetest. Theres acertain slant of light. A bird came

20、 down the walk. The soul selects her own society. I died for beautybut was scarce, Twas just this time, last year, I died. Because I could not stop for death. Wild nightswild nights! I heard a fly buzzwhen I died-. If you were coming in the Fall. The Poems of Emily Dichenson埃米莉迪金森詩集“Tell all the tru

21、th and tell it slant”迂回曲折的，玄學的1 ranked as one of America;s great poets2 a writer of great power and beautyOne could take a single household and an inactive life, and make enchanting poetry out of it The range of her poetry suggests not her limited experiences but the power of her creativity and imag

22、inationNathaniel Hawthorne納撒尼爾霍桑1804-1864Twice-told Tales盡人皆知的故事;Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔:Young Goodman Brown年輕的古德曼布朗;The Scarlet Letter紅字;The House of the Seven Gables有七個尖角閣的房子心理若們羅曼史;The Blithedale Romance福谷傳奇;The Marble Faun玉石雕像1 the largest brain with the largest heart- Melville2 his ability

23、 to create vivid and symbolic images that embody great moral questions appears strongly in his short stories: Ethan Brand, Young Goodman Brown , Dr. Heideggers Experiment, The ambitious Guest, The great Stone Face-P171 一Herman Melville赫爾曼梅爾維爾1819-1891Masterpiece: Moby Dick/The White Whale莫比迪克/白鯨；Typ

24、ee泰比 a romanticized account of his stay among the Polynesians;Omoo奧穆his adventures on Tahiti and other islands;Mardi瑪地;Redburn雷得本his first voyage to England ;White Jacket白外衣his brief career in the navy;Pierre皮爾埃;Piazza廣場故事;Billy Budd比利巴德 drew upon his naval experiences again1 a whaling ship, was my

25、Yale College and my Harvard2 the man who lived among cannibals 3 to write a mighty book you must have a mighty theme-Moby DickThe ship Pequod- a world in miniature Part 5. RealismWilliam Dean Howells 威廉狄恩豪威爾斯1837-1920The Rise of Silas Lapham賽拉斯拉帕姆的發跡;A Modern Instance現代婚姻; A Hazard of Now Fortunes時來

26、運轉;A Traveller from Altruia從利他國來的旅客;Through the Eye of the Needle透過針眼烏托邦小說;Criticism and Fiction;Novel-Writing and Novel-Reading小說創作與小說閱讀Henry James亨利詹姆斯1843-1916小說：Daisy Miller苔瑟米樂；The Portrait of a Lady貴婦人畫像；The Bostonians波士頓人；The Real Thing and Other Tales真貨色及其他故事；The Wings of the Dove鴿翼；The Amba

27、ssadors大使；The Golden Bowl金碗 first novel- Watch and Ward-he prefered Roderick Hudson評論集：French Poets and Novelists法國詩人和小說家;Hawthorne霍桑;Partial Portraits不完全的畫像;Notes and Reviews札記與評論;Art of Fiction and Other Essays小說藝術1 help to transform the novel from its alliances with journalism and romantic story-

28、telling into an art form of penetrating analysis of individuals confronting society, chronicles of the psychological perceptions that James himself defined as the highest form of experience.Part 6. Local Colorism FictionMark Twain馬克吐溫（Samuel Longhorne Clemens）美國文學的一大里程碑The Celebrated Jumping Frog of

29、 Calaveras County加拉維拉縣有名的跳蛙;The Innocents Abroad傻瓜出國記;The Gilded Age鍍金時代written in collaboration with Dudley Warner;The Adventures of Tom Sawyer湯姆索耶歷險記;The Prince and the Pauper王子與貧兒;The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn哈克貝利費恩歷險記;A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court亞瑟王宮中的美國佬;The Tragedy of Puddnh

30、ead Wilson傻瓜威爾遜;Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc冉達克;The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg敗壞哈德萊堡的人. How to Tell a Story怎樣講故事對美國早期幽默文學的總結Part 6. NaturalismTheodore Dreiser西奧多德萊塞1871-1945Sister Carrie嘉莉姐妹;Jennie Gerhardt珍妮姑娘the first of a long succession of books that marked his turn to writing as a f

31、ull-time career ;Trilogy of Desire欲望三部曲(Financer金融家,The Titan巨人,The Stoic);An American Tragedy美國的悲劇（被稱為美國最偉大的小說）;Nigger Jeff黑人杰弗1 Dreisers novels are direct projections of his inner life as well as careful transcriptions of his experiencesPart 8. Modern PoetryEzra Pound艾茲拉龐德1885-1972The Spirit of Ro

32、mance羅曼司精神;The Anthology Des Imagistes意像派詩選;Cathay華夏（英譯中國詩）;Literary Essays文學論;Hugh Swlwyn Mauberley; A Few Donts by Imagiste意像派戒條; Personage面具;Polite Essays文雅集;The Cantos of Ezra Pound龐德詩章（109首及8首未完成稿）Homage to Sextus Propertius is a masterpiece1 the early leaders in restoring to poetry the use of

33、literary reference as an imaginative instrumentWallace Stevens華萊士史蒂文斯1879-1955Harmonium風琴;The Man With the Blue Guitar彈藍吉他的人;Notes Toward a Supreme Fiction關于最高虛構的札記(Peter Quince at the Clavier彼得昆斯彈風琴;Sunday Morning禮拜天早晨);The Auroras of Autumn秋天的晨曦;Collected Poems詩集; The Emperor of Ice-cream; 1 The v

34、ice-president of the Hartford Accident and Indemnity Company2 The National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize-Collected Poems詩集3 later poetry: the interrelation between the ideal and the real -the constant theme (“imagination and reality”)E. A. Robinson魯賓遜1869-1935Captain Craig克雷格上尉詩體小說-came to the a

35、ttention of President Theodore Roosevelt ；The Town Down the River河上的城鎮;The Man Against the Sky襯托著天空的人;Avons Harvest沃馮的收成;Collected Poems詩集; Richard Cory; Miniver Cheevy-realistic attitudes 1 one of the most productive of the new poets in the late years of the nineteenth century 2 Pulitzer Prize in 1

36、922, 1925 and 19283 simple-surface simplicity serves to conceal an intricacy and subtlety of thought 4 like Robert Frost, noted for his use of a dry, sometimes biting , New England humorD. Robert Frost羅伯特弗羅斯特1874-1963A Boys Wish少年心愿；North of Boston波士頓之北(Mending Wall修墻,After Apple-picking摘蘋果之后);Mount

37、ain Interval山間（成熟階段）(The Road Not taken沒有選擇的道路); West-running Brook西流的溪澗;A Further Range又一片牧場;A Witness Tree一株作證的樹; Two Roads Diverged in the Woods; Mending Wall.1 receives honorary degrees from 44 colleges and universities2 4 Pulitzer Prizes 3 reads the poetry at the inauguration of President John

38、F. Kennedy at 874 rejects the revolutionary poetic principles of his contemporaries, choosing instead “the old-fashioned way to be new ”5 for all its apparent simplicity, often probes mysteries of darkness and irrationality in the bleak and chaotic landscapes of and indifferent universe where men st

39、and alone, unaided and perplexed.Thomas Stearns Eliot托馬斯艾略特1888-1965Prufrock and Other Observations普羅夫洛克（荒原意識）-first book;The Waste Land荒原masterpiece (The Burial of the Dead死者的葬禮;A Game of Chess弈棋;The Fire Sermon火誡;Death by Water水邊之死;What the Thunder Said雷電之言);名詩：Ash Wednesday圣灰星期三beautiful in langu

40、age, difficult in symbolism;Four Quarters四個四重奏詩劇：Murder in the Cathedral大教堂謀殺案a drama of impressive spiritual power;Family Reunion大團圓;Cocktail Party雞尾酒會 -they created interest as experimental theater1 The Nobel Prize in 1948Harriet Beecher Stowe 1811-1896Uncle Toms Cabin (The Man That Was a Thing);

41、A Key to Uncle Toms Cabin; Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp-antislavery novelA society resting on slavery could not long surviveO. Henry (William Sidney Porter)The Four Million-best volume-indicates that he considered all the people of New York City worth writing about, no simply the upper “Fo

42、ur Hundred”.Best individual stories: A Retried Reformation; The Gift of the Magi; A Municipal Report;An Unfinished Story; A Lickpenny Lover; The Furnished Room; The Cop and the Anthem; The Trimmed Lamp;Heart of the West;Cabbages and Kings; etc1 two endings: an unexpected ending, a still better surpr

43、ise 2 local color: slang and colloquial expression make them hard to be understood by people outside of America3 the American literary circles set up O. Henry Award in 19184 one of the most prolific 多產的modern American short story writersF. Scott Fitzgerald 1896-1940First novel: This Side of Paradise

44、-portrayal of the casual dissipations of “flaming youth”-an immediate commercial successSecond novel: the Beautiful and Damned & a collection of short stories, Tales of the Jazz AgeSatirical play , the Vegetable (or from President to Postman)The Great Gatsby-critical success but a commercial disappo

45、intmentTender Is the Night -although it is a precise indictment of irresponsible social values of the 1930s, critics harshly accused him of ignoring the Depression while writing a frivolous novel about neurotic Americans who preferred Europe over their native landLast novel The Last Tycoon, remained

46、 unfinished1 one of the major American prose writers of twentieth century Ernest Hemingway 1899-1961First book: Three stories and Ten PoemsThe Sun Also Rises-became the spokesman for what Gertrude Stein had called “a lost generation”Primary concern: individuals “moment of truth”His lifelong preoccup

47、ation with stories of war : A Farewell to Arms, 1929(both to war and to love) and For Whom the Bell Tolls, 1940(restate his view of love found and lost and describe the indomitable spirit of the common people )The bullfight: Death in the Afternoon 1932The hunt: The Green Hills of Africa 1935The Old M