1、Unit4Helpingpeoplearoundtheworld核心素養(yǎng)拓展練素養(yǎng)解讀2017版普通高中課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)首次提出“學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)”。英語(yǔ)學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)由語(yǔ)言能力、文化意識(shí)、思維品質(zhì)和學(xué)習(xí)能力構(gòu)成。隨之而來(lái)，以后的英語(yǔ)考試將更加堅(jiān)持能力立意，突出核心素養(yǎng)的考查。下面文段就是圍繞“思維品質(zhì)”這一學(xué)科素養(yǎng)展開，講述了科學(xué)家最近的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)植物受到攻擊時(shí)，它們會(huì)釋放出化學(xué)物質(zhì)來(lái)保護(hù)自己并通知周圍的植物。此篇旨在培養(yǎng)考生樹立生態(tài)意識(shí)，熱愛(ài)并尊重自然，學(xué)會(huì)與自然和諧相處；保護(hù)環(huán)境，節(jié)約資源，采取綠色生活方式；具備可持續(xù)發(fā)展理念和行動(dòng)等。主題：保護(hù)環(huán)境學(xué)科素養(yǎng)：思維品質(zhì)(2017全國(guó))Whenaleaf

2、yplantisunderattack，itdoesntsitquietly.Backin1983，twoscientists，JackSchultzandIanBaldwin，reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.Whattheplantspumpthroughtheairisamixtureofche

3、micalsknownasvolatileorganiccompounds，VOCsforshort.ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.Itsaplantswayofcryingout.Butisanyonelistening?Apparently.Becausewecanwatchtheneighborsreact.Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty.Theypumpoutperfum

4、esdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Oncetheyarrive，thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch.Instudyafterstudy，itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationshelptheneighbors.Thedamageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant，buttheneighbors，relativelyspeaking，s

5、taysaferbecausetheyheardthealarmandknewwhattodo.Doesthismeanthatplantstalktoeachother?Scientistsdontknow.Maybethefirstplantjustmadeacryofpainorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches，andso，ineffect，wastalkingtoitself.Perhapstheneighborsjusthappenedto“overhear”thecry.Soinformationwasexchanged，butitwasntat

6、rue，intentionalbackandforth.CharlesDarwin，over150yearsago，imaginedaworldfarbusier，noisierandmoreintimate(親密的)thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.Theresawholelotgoingon.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了植物受到襲擊時(shí)會(huì)釋放出某種化學(xué)物質(zhì)來(lái)保護(hù)自己并“告知”附近的植物。1Whatdoesaplantdowhenitisunderattack?AItmakesnoises.BItgetshelpfromoth

7、erplants.CItstandsquietly.DItsendsoutcertainchemicals.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“.reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.”可知，植物受到傷害時(shí)會(huì)散發(fā)出一種特殊的氣味，而這種特殊的氣味就是某些化學(xué)物質(zhì)。故選D項(xiàng)。2Whatdoestheaut

8、hormeanby“thetablesareturned”inParagraph3?ATheattackersgetattacked.BTheinsectsgatherunderthetable.CTheplantsgetreadytofightback.DTheperfumesattractnaturalenemies.答案A解析句意理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.”(它們散發(fā)出氣味意在吸引不同的昆蟲，這些昆蟲是襲擊者的天敵)，

9、以及畫線部分后的“Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch.”(正在吃午餐的襲擊者現(xiàn)在就變成了午餐)可知，畫線部分的意思是：襲擊者受到了它的天敵的襲擊。故選A項(xiàng)。3Scientistsfindfromtheirstudiesthatplantscan.ApredictnaturaldisastersBprotectthemselvesagainstinsectsCtalktooneanotherintentionallyDhelptheirneighborswhennecessary答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Someplantspumpout

10、smellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.”和“Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.”可知，植物能保護(hù)自己免受昆蟲的傷害。故選B項(xiàng)。4Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?ATheworldischangingfasterthanever.BPeoplehavestrongersensesthanbefore.CTheworldismorecomplexthanitseems.DPeopleinDarw

11、instimeweremoreimaginative.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，達(dá)爾文設(shè)想了一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)比現(xiàn)實(shí)世界更繁忙、更喧囂和更親密的世界，而我們的感官卻非常弱，我們還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走。由此可知，世界似乎比它看上去的樣子更復(fù)雜。故選C項(xiàng)。Notes.障礙詞匯1attackn&v進(jìn)攻；攻擊2apparentlyadv.明顯地；顯而易見地3insectn昆蟲4overhearvt.偷聽；偶然聽到.長(zhǎng)難句分析Thedamageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant，buttheneighbors，relativelyspeaking，staysaferbecaus