1、 Module 8 Unit 3 Grammar and usage Inversion 英語的正常語序是“主語 + 謂語”。 即主語在前，謂語在后。 有時(shí)由于句子結(jié)構(gòu)的需要或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，就要采用倒裝形式。將謂語動(dòng)詞完全移到主語之前稱為全部倒裝；只將助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放到主語之前，稱為部分倒裝。.The bell rang. Out rushed the students.Seldom does he go to the supermarket.倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)通常用于下列情況：（一）全部倒裝用于there be結(jié)構(gòu)(exist, seem, happen, appear, live, stand)句型。

2、 如：There are many students in the classroom.There exist different opinions on this question.There stands a temple at the top of the hill.全部倒裝2. “Here, There, Now, Then + come/go (或be等) + 主語 結(jié)構(gòu)。Here comes the old lady!Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.There comes the bus.Now comes you

3、r turn.除了then引導(dǎo)的句子常用過去式,如果表示一種生動(dòng)的 描述時(shí)則常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如果主語是人稱代詞, 就不用倒裝。辨別正誤1.Here you are.2.There comes she.3.Now comes your uncle 全部倒裝3. 表示方向的副詞out, in, up, down,on,away等置于句首,要用全部倒裝,且主語是名詞時(shí) Down came the water from the top of the mountainOut went the girl.In came the teacher .In came he.判斷句子The girl went o

4、ut.The water from the top of the mountaincame down.全部倒裝4. 分詞短語/adj短語/(代詞such) + be + 主語結(jié)構(gòu)。Walking at the head of the line was our teacher. Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people. Present at the conference were General Manager, Vice-general Managers and 215 directo

5、rs. Such was the story he told me. 全部倒裝5. 表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語 (如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等)放在句首時(shí)且主語是名詞時(shí),要全部倒裝。 On the top of the hill stands a pine tree.In front of the classroom is a playground.Practice: Near the church _ cottage.A. was such an oldB. had a

6、so oldC. was such old a D. is so an old1.On the wall _ (hang)a picture.2.On the ground _(lie) an old sick goat.hung/hangslay3.Between the two mountains _(be) a small village. is全部倒裝Practice: There _. And here _. A. goes the phone; she comes B. is the phone going; is she C. does the phone go; does sh

7、e come D. the phone goes; come she _ a beautiful palace _ the foot of the hill.A. There stand; at B. There stands; underC. Stands there; underD. There stands; atPractice: Out _, with a stick in his hand.A. did he rush B. rushed he C. he rushed D. he did rush _ from the top of the building when the p

8、oliceman pointed the gun at him.Jumped down the robber B. Jumped the robber downC. Down jumped the robber D. Down the robber jumped _, a man of achievements, deep thoughts, but with simple habits.A. Einstein was such B. Such was EinsteinC. Einstein was so D. So was Einstein _ are the days when teach

9、ers were looked down upon.A. GoneB. GoC. To goD. Going7.Can you tell me where my uncle is? Yes, of course,_. A. here your uncle comes B. here comes your uncle. C. comes your uncle here D. your uncle here comes 8.In each room _.are ten students B. ten students are C. ten students there are D. ten are

10、 students9. -Is everyone here? -Oh, there _ the rest of the guests! A. comes B. come C. is coming D. coming（二）部分倒裝1.用于so, nor, neither開頭的句子，表示重復(fù)前句部分內(nèi)容（前面所說也適用另一人或物）。原句的謂語應(yīng)與前句謂語的時(shí)態(tài)、形式相一致。句型：so+ have(has,助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+主語 如：He has been to Beijing. So have I. Li Wei cant answer the question. Neither/nor can

11、 I. Id met Philip several times before. _. A. So did I B. So had I C. So I had D. I met, alsoB Are you going there with us? If Mary wants to go, _. A. I also go B. so do I C. so I will D. so will I Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother? I dont know, _. A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I d

12、ont care neither D. I dont care also注意：如果一個(gè)句子只是重復(fù)前面一句話的意思，盡管是so開頭，句子也不倒裝。如： - It was cold yesterday. - So it was. 如果前面所說部分有肯定，有否定，動(dòng)詞類型又不一致，而后面一句要表示的也有與上面所述的類似情況，這時(shí)須改用下列句型：DB-Tom is clever but he doesnt work hard. -_(我的弟弟也如此）So it is with my brother/it is the same with my brother. Only修飾的狀語提前時(shí):如： Onl

13、y then did I begin to know her. 僅僅只有以這種方式他才能發(fā)財(cái)Only in this way can he make a fortune.僅僅在他死后，他才得到人們的認(rèn)可。Only after he died was he received by people.僅僅當(dāng)他回來的時(shí)候，才發(fā)現(xiàn)真相Only when he returned did he find the truth.副詞介詞短語時(shí)間狀語僅僅只是在那個(gè)時(shí)候我才開始認(rèn)識(shí)她。Only when he started to explain _ the reason for this.A.she realize

14、d B. did she realize C. she had realized D. had she realizedB注意：如果only修飾主語，則不必用倒裝。 eg. Only he remembered that it was my birthday. 僅僅只有他沉溺于電腦游戲中。Only he was addicted to playing computer games2.某些表示否定意義副詞或半否定副詞,如: neither, nor, not, never, hardly, seldom, little, few, rarely, hardly, scarcely, no soo

15、ner, not only, in no way, at no time, by no means, nowhere, 等在句首時(shí)。Read the sentences:1.He did not like the painting. Neither did I. 2. Neither am I impressed by the paintings nor do I like them.3. Never in my life have I seen such wonderful pictures.4.Not a word did he say about his visit to the art

16、 museum.5.At no time during the tour was I bored.6.Seldom does he paint now.7.Hardly had I got to Amsterdam when it began to snow. Little _ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself. A. does he care B. did he care C. he cares D. he cared Not for a moment _ the truth of your story.

17、A. did he made B. he made C. did he make D. he makesBC當(dāng)not only but also, not until, no sooner than, hardly when 在句首時(shí)，要倒 裝。注意在這些句型中倒裝的位置。not only but also句型中，前一個(gè)分句倒裝，后一個(gè)分句不倒裝。 如： Not only was he forced to stay at home, but he was also forbidden to see his friends.他不僅把自己的錢捐給玉樹的兒童，他還在那兒申請了一份志愿者的工作。Not

18、 only did he donate his money to the childrenin Yushu,but also applied for a job as a volenteer there.Not until 句型中，復(fù)合句的前面從句不倒裝，后面的主句倒裝。 直到他得了肺癌，他才放棄抽煙(先正常句式，然后用倒裝句翻譯）He didnt give up smoking until he suffered fromlung cancer.Not until he suffered from lung cancer did he give up smoking.No sooner (過

19、去完成時(shí)） than, hardly（過去完成時(shí)）when的句型中，后面從句不倒裝，前面主句倒裝。1. He had no sooner finished the talk than a man stood up and put forward a question No sooner had he finished the talk than a man stood up and put forward a question.2.I had hardly entered the army when I felt very proud. Hardly had I entered the arm

20、y when I felt very proud. 試題： Not until his father was out of prison _ to school. A. can John go B. John can go C. could John go D. John could go(11)No sooner _ asleep than she heard a knock at the door. A. she had fallen B. had she fallen C. she fell D. did she fallCB3.虛擬語氣中:省略了if的條件句中，were, had 或

21、should 可提前句首構(gòu)成部分倒裝。如：Were I not so busy, I should go with you.=_Had he been here yesterday, he would have come to watch the football match.=_ Should there be a flood, what should we do?=_If I were not so busy, I should go with you.If he had been here yesterday, he would have come to watch the footba

22、ll match.If there should be a flood, what should we do?在sothat（如此以致于）句型中，若so提前到句首構(gòu)成部分倒裝。 So loudly did he speak that people in the next room could hear him.他開車如此粗心以至于他差點(diǎn)死了He drove so carelessly that he almost killedhimself.So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself.He spoke so loudly t

23、hat people in the next room could hear him.類似地，當(dāng)suchthat結(jié)構(gòu)的such置于句首時(shí)，such后的句子也要使用部分倒裝。He seemed such a nice man that we all loved him.他像個(gè)很和藹的人，所以我們都喜歡他。Such a nice man did he seem that we all loved him. So loudly _ that _ hear her clearly.A. did she speak; could everyone B. did she speak; everyone c

24、ouldC. she spoke; could everyone D. she spoke; everyone could_himself wrong, but his friends were wrong.A. Not was only heB. Not only heC. Not only was heD. Not only was Not until the early years of the 19th century _ know what heat is. A.man did B.manC.didnt man D.did manNot until I began to work _

25、 realize how much time I had wasted.A. didnt I B. did I C. I didnt D. I did （三）其他 1用于某些表示祝愿的句子。 如：1) May you succeed! 2) Long live China! 由as引起的讓步狀語從句主謂不倒裝,只須把形容詞, 副詞,名詞, 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前提到as前,且單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞提到主語前時(shí)不帶冠詞雖然我很累，我還是努力幫助他們。 Tired as I was, I tried to help them.Try as he would, he couldnt open the door.他試過多

26、次了, 卻仍打不開那門。盡管他們做了很大努力，卻沒法讓她改變主意。Hard as (though) they tried, they couldnt make her change her mind. Boy as he was, he behaved like a girl.他雖是個(gè)男孩，但舉止卻像個(gè)女孩。 as作“雖然”解，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，必須將表語、狀語或動(dòng)詞原形提到as前面。此時(shí)應(yīng)注意幾點(diǎn)：一是若提前的表語是沒有形容詞修飾的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，要省略不定冠詞；二是若提前的是動(dòng)詞原形(多為不及物動(dòng)詞)，與之連用的通常是may, might, will, would等，且這些詞都要保留在原來

27、的位置上(主語后)；三是though有時(shí)也可像as這樣使作倒裝。Consolidation1._come to our country as today. A. Foreign guests who have never B. Never so many foreign guests have C. Never have so many foreign guests D. The foreign guests arent ever2._that he could not speak for a long time. A. So frightened was heB. So frightened

28、 he was C. Was he so frightenedD. Frightened was he 3.Many a time _good advice. A. gives me hisB. he gives me C.I give him D. does he give me4.Rarely_so difficult a choice. A. she could have faced with B. could have she faced with C. she could have been faced with D. could she have been faced with5.

29、In a physical change no new substance is formed, _in the composition of mater. A. nor does any change take place B. nor any change takes place C. not any change takes place D. either any change take place6.Only in a few countries _ a reasonable standard of living. A. the whole of the population enjoy B. the whole of the population enjoys C. does the whole of the population enjoy D. has a whole of the population enjoy7.Seldom_to come over to have a chat with him in those days. A. have I have timeB