1、Bullying Among Children & YouthWORDS HURT the HEARTBILL J. BONDNASSPPrincipal for Safe Schools(c) 2005 Take a Stand. Lend a Hand. Stop Bullying Now!Overview of the WorkshopWhat is known about the nature and prevalence of bullying?Why be concerned about bullying?How are schools addressing bullying?Wh

2、at works and doesnt work in bullying prevention and intervention?HRSAs National Bullying Prevention CampaignBullyingIs aggressive behavior that intends to cause harm or distress.HUMILIATIONUsually is repeated over time.Occurs in a relationship where there is an imbalance of power or strength.Direct

3、BullyingHitting, kicking, shoving, spittingTaunting, teasing, racial slurs, verbal harassmentThreatening, obscene gesturesIndirect BullyingGetting another person to bully someone for youSpreading rumorsDeliberately excluding someone from a group or activityCyber-bullyingHow common is bullying?Nansel

4、 et al. (2001): national sample of 15,600 students in grades 6-1019% bullied others ”sometimes” or more often9% bullied others weekly17% were bullied “sometimes” or more often 8% were bullied weekly6% reported bullying and being bullied “sometimes” or more oftenGender Differences in BullyingMost stu

5、dies find that boys bully more than do girlsBoys report being bullied by boys; girls report being bullied by boys and girlsBoys are more likely than girls to be physically bullied by their peersGirls are more likely to be bullied through rumor-spreading, sexual comments, social exclusion Conditions

6、Surrounding BullyingChildren usually are bullied by one child or a small groupCommon locations: playground, classroom, lunchroom, halls, bathroomsBullying is more common at school than on the way to/from schoolChildren Who Bully are More Likely to:Get into frequent fightsBe injured in a fightSteal,

7、vandalize propertyDrink alcoholSmokeBe truant, drop out of schoolReport poorer academic achievementPerceive a negative climate at schoolCarry a weaponLongitudinal Study of Children who Bullied (Olweus, 1993)60% of boys who were bullies in middle school had at least one conviction by age 24.40% had t

8、hree or more convictions.Bullies were 4 times as likely as peers to have multiple convictions.Children who are bullied have:Lower self esteemHigher rates of depressionHigher absenteeism ratesMore suicidal ideationHealth Consequences of Bullying (Fekkes et al., 2003)Bullied Not bulliedHeadache16%6%Sl

9、eep problems42%23%Abdominal pain17%9%Feeling tense20%9%Anxiety28%10%Feeling unhappy23%5%Depression scalemoderate indication49%16%strong indication16%2%Common Characteristics of Bully/VictimsHyperactive, have difficulty concentratingQuick-tempered, try to fight back if provoked May be bullied by many

10、 children Try to bully younger, weaker childrenConcern About Bully/VictimsDisplay the social-emotional problems of victimized children AND the behavioral problems of children who bully (Nansel et al., 2003)Poor relationships with classmatesLonelyPoorer academic achievementHigher rates of smoking and

11、 alcohol useMore frequent fightingConcern About Bully/Victims(cont.) Peer RatingsWho do children most want to avoid? bully/victimsTeacher RatingsWho is least popular? bully/victimsWho has the most conduct problems? bully/victims Who is seen as the most disengaged from school? bully/victims Safe Scho

12、ol Initiative Report (2002)US Secret Service and US Dept. of EducationStudied 37 incidents of targeted school violence, involving 41 attackers (1974-2000)3/4 of attackers felt persecuted, bullied prior to the incident1/3 of attackers characterized as “loners”1/4 socialized with students who were dis

13、liked by most mainstream studentsMany had considered suicideReporting of Bullying to School StaffMany do not report being bullied.Older children and boys are less likely to report victimization. Why dont children report?2/3 of victims felt that staff responded poorly6% believed that staff responded

14、very well. (Hoover et al., 1992)Adults Responsiveness to BullyingAdults overestimate their effectiveness in identifying bullying and intervening. Many children question the commitment of teachers and administrators to stopping bullying35% believed teachers were interested in stopping bullying25% bel

15、ieved administrators were interested in stopping bullying (Harris et al., 2002). Kids Who ObserveWhat do you usually do when you see a student being bullied?38%Nothing, because itsnone of my business27%I dont do anything, butI think I should help35%I try to help him or herWhat Are Schools Doing To A

16、ddress Bullying?Awareness-raising effortsReporting, trackingZero tolerance (student exclusion)Social skills training for victims of bullyingIndividual & group treatment for children who bully/children who are bulliedMediation, conflict resolution programsCurricular approaches to bullying preventionC

17、omprehensive approachesCommon “Misdirections” in Bullying Prevention and InterventionZero tolerance (student exclusion)Conflict Resolution/Peer MediationGroup treatment for children who bullySimple, short-term solutionsWhat works in bullying prevention?What is required to reduce bullying in schools

18、is nothing less than a change in the school climate and in norms for behavior. This requires a comprehensive, school-wide effort involving the entire school communityStopBullyingNCampaign GoalsRaise awareness about bullyingPrevent and reduce bullying behaviorsIdentify appropriate interven

19、tions for “tweens” and other target audiencesFoster and enhance linkages among partnersResources Used for the Campaigns DevelopmentReview of existing research on bullyingFocus groups & in-depth interviews with tweens, teens, adultsInput from Youth Expert PanelInput from Steering Committee of Partner

20、 OrganizationsCampaign PartnersOver 60 public, not-for-profit groups, & government agenciesRepresent fields of:Education, health, mental health, law enforcement, youth development, faith-based communitiesResponsibilities:Advise Campaigns developmentProvide feedback on Campaign productsDisseminate Ca

21、mpaigns resultsCampaigns LaunchTV, Radio, and Print Public Service Announcements for TweensPSAsFor AdultsInteractive WAnimated Serial ComicGames, polls for tweensAdvice for tweensResource Kit for adultsLinks to partner groups and activitiesAnimated Serial ComicTwelve 2-minute episodesEntertaining cast of charactersModel positive behaviorsInteractiveResource Kit More than 20 tip sheets/fact sheetsDatabase of existing bullying prevention resourcesBullying prevention programsBooks, videos, other resourcesAvailable on the web (stopb