1、GMDSS通信英語GMDSS 英語閱讀 考試大綱 1.GMDSS 系統(tǒng)與設備系統(tǒng)與設備 1.1 GMDSS 基礎知識 1.1.1GMDSS 系統(tǒng)組成與通信功能 1.1.2海區(qū)的劃分，ITU 證書要求 1.1.3設備配備，維修要求 1.2 INMARAST 系統(tǒng) 1.2.1INMARAST 系統(tǒng)組成及工作原理 1.2.2INMARAST 通信業(yè)務 1.2.3INMARAST 及終端設備英版使用說明書 1.2.4INMARAST 及終端設備英版使用說明書GMDSS 英語閱讀 考試大綱 1.3 地面通信系統(tǒng) 1.3.1地面通信業(yè)務 1.3.2MF/HF無線電設備與終端英版使用說明書 1.3.3MF/

2、HF無線電設備與終端英版技術說明書 1.3.4VHF 無線電設備英版使用說明書 1.4 海上安全信息播發(fā)系統(tǒng) 1.4.1海上安全信息概念 1.4.2EGC 系統(tǒng) 1.4.3NAVTEX 系統(tǒng) 1.4.4NAVTEX 系統(tǒng)英版使用說明書GMDSS 英語閱讀 考試大綱 1.5 定位與尋位系統(tǒng) 1.5.1 國際搜救衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng) 1.5.2 EPIRB設備的英文使用說明 1.5.3 EPIRB的測試要求 1.5.4 SART的英版安裝，使用說明 1.5.5 SART 的測試要求 GMDSS 英語閱讀 考試大綱2.英版相關公約，規(guī)則及資料的閱讀2.1 SOLAS公約第IV 章PART C Ship Requ

3、irements內容2.2 ITU 版無線電規(guī)則 2.2.1 船舶通信值守要求 2.2.2 遇險報警，遇險收妥，搜救協(xié)調及現(xiàn)場通信 2.2.3 誤報警處理 2.2.4 緊急和安全通信2.3 Admiralty List of Radio Signals 第1,3,5卷有關GMDSS 和 IAMSAR內容精選2.4 STCW公約無線電值班的要求GMDSS 英語閱讀 考試大綱 3.船舶常用英文函電業(yè)務 3.1 有關遇險，緊急，安全通信電文 3.2 船舶常用通信電文 3.3誤報警取消電文 3.4船舶報告電文 3.5醫(yī)療指導與救助電文 4.無線電臺日志的記載，規(guī)定和要求GMDSS 英語閱讀 考試題型單

4、選+關聯(lián)題單選：68題X1分=68分關聯(lián)題：短文4篇， 4篇X4題X2分=32分 共100分，60分及格Chapter 1 The Basic Knowledge of the GMDSSLesson 1 The GMDSS Components and Their Function 本課內容涉及本課內容涉及GMDSS系統(tǒng)基本概念，系統(tǒng)基本概念，海區(qū)的劃分，通信功能，包括報警，搜海區(qū)的劃分，通信功能，包括報警，搜救協(xié)調通信，現(xiàn)場通信，尋位，播發(fā)海救協(xié)調通信，現(xiàn)場通信，尋位，播發(fā)海上安全信息，常規(guī)通信，駕駛臺對駕駛上安全信息，常規(guī)通信，駕駛臺對駕駛臺通信，搜救，無線電人員，臺站識別臺通信，搜救，

5、無線電人員，臺站識別等。等。1.The Basic Concept of the GMDSS GMDSS is that SAR authorities ashore, as well as shipping in the immediately vicinity of the ship in distress ,also provides for urgency and safety communications and the promulgation of MSI-navigational and meteorogical warning ,foreccasts and other ur

6、gent safety information to the ships .2. Navigational sea areas Sea area A1 An area within the radiotelephone coverage of at least one VHF coast station in which continuous DSC alerting is available ,2. Navigational sea areas Sea area A2 An area,excluding sea area A1,within the radiotelephone covera

7、ge of at least one MF coast station in which continuous DSC alerting is available ,2. Navigational sea areas Sea area A3 An area,excluding sea areas A1 and A2,within the coverage of an Inmarsat geostationary satellite in which continuous alerting is available.2. Navigational sea areas Sea area A4 An

8、 area outside sea areas A1 ,A2 and A3.3. Communication Function of GMDSS (1) Alerting a.Ship to shore distress alerts -by INMARSAT SES, DSC, EPIRB b.Ship to ship alerts -by MFand VHF DSC. c.Shore to Ship Distress Alert Relay -will be addressed to all ships, to selected ships or to an individual ship

9、, usually by CES or coast station.3. Communication Function of GMDSS (2) SAR coordinating communication The coordination of ships and aircraft participating in a SAR operation ,including communication between RCCs and on -scene coordinator (OSC)3. Communication Function of GMDSS (3) on scene communi

10、cations This communications between the ship in distress and assisting units ,provide the assistance to the ship or the rescue of survivors.3. Communication Function of GMDSS (4) Locating Locating is the finding of a ship/aircraft in distress or its survival craft or survivors 9GHZ SAR radar transpo

11、nder(SART) 121.5 MHZ satelliate EPIRBs3. Communication Function of GMDSS (5) Promulgation of MSI Provide with up-to-date navigational warning and meteorological warning and forecasts and other urgent MSI . by narrow -band direct -printing telegraphy (518khz FEC mode) by EGC system(international Safe

12、tyNET)3. Communication Function of GMDSS (6) General radiocommuniacation Between ship and shore-base communication network which concern management and operation,may impact on its safety. eg. pilot and tug service,chart replacement,repairs.3. Communication Function of GMDSS (7) Bridge-to-bridge comm

13、unications Inter-ship safety communication conducted from the position which the ship is navigated,normally performed by VHF radiotelephony. Lesson 2 Sea Areas and Certificate Requirements by ITUGMDSS 的重要概念之一就是四個海區(qū)的劃分，的重要概念之一就是四個海區(qū)的劃分，四個海區(qū)的劃分規(guī)定了不同海區(qū)航行船舶必須四個海區(qū)的劃分規(guī)定了不同海區(qū)航行船舶必須配備的設備，配備的設備，A1海區(qū)是岸基海區(qū)是岸基V

14、HF覆蓋區(qū)；覆蓋區(qū)；A2 海區(qū)是除海區(qū)是除A1海區(qū)之外的岸基海區(qū)之外的岸基MF覆蓋區(qū)；覆蓋區(qū)；A3海海區(qū)是除區(qū)是除A1，A2 海區(qū)之外的海區(qū)之外的I同步衛(wèi)星的覆蓋區(qū)，同步衛(wèi)星的覆蓋區(qū)，A4海區(qū)是除海區(qū)是除A1，A2，A3之外的海區(qū)，即兩個之外的海區(qū)，即兩個極區(qū)極區(qū)1. The concept of division of the sea areasSea area A1: at least one VHF, 20-30milesSea area A2: at least one MF, 100milesSea area A3: at least one geostationary satell

15、ite, with the 70 degrees north and 70 degrees south.Sea area A4: Have to carry HF,MF,VHF, polar area. Lesson 3 Installation fitting and maintenance requirmentsGMDSS 設備配備與維修要求在設備配備與維修要求在SOLAS 公約中公約中有明確說明，設備的配備根據(jù)海區(qū)的不同而不有明確說明，設備的配備根據(jù)海區(qū)的不同而不同，通常同，通常A3 和和A4 海區(qū)配備要求高于海區(qū)配備要求高于A1和和A2海海區(qū)。區(qū)。1.The requirement t

16、o be fitted on board The basic equipment requirments vary according to ships navigation in different sea areas, SOLAS ship refer to the ships with at least 300 gross tonnage ,we are focus on the SOLAS ship, the requirment shows below table .2. Maintenance requirements Equipments shall be so designed

17、 that the main units can be replaced readily, without elaborate recalibration or readjustment, It is readily accessible inspection and on-board maintenance purpose.2. Maintenance requirements 1)ship engaged on voyage in sea areas A1 and A2, by using such method as duplication of equipment ,shore-bas

18、ed maintenance or at sea electronic maintenance, or combination of these. 2) ship engage on voyage in sea areas A3 and A4, by using a combination of at least two methods such as duplication of equipment ,shore based maintenance or at sea electronic maintenance. Chapter 2INMARSAT 系統(tǒng)稱為國際海事衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)，由空系統(tǒng)稱為國

19、際海事衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)，由空間系統(tǒng)和地面系統(tǒng)組成。其中衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)間系統(tǒng)和地面系統(tǒng)組成。其中衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)由衛(wèi)星星座構成，衛(wèi)星被發(fā)射在地球同步軌道由衛(wèi)星星座構成，衛(wèi)星被發(fā)射在地球同步軌道上，即赤道上方上，即赤道上方35700千米高度的軌道。地面衛(wèi)千米高度的軌道。地面衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)由網絡控制中心星系統(tǒng)由網絡控制中心NCC,每個洋區(qū)的網絡協(xié)每個洋區(qū)的網絡協(xié)調站調站NCS,沿岸地球站沿岸地球站CES，船舶地球站，船舶地球站SES組組成。成。Lesson 4 Component and working principle of Inmarsat 世界海洋被分為世界海洋被分為4個海區(qū)，每個海區(qū)都由自個海區(qū)，每個海區(qū)都由自己的協(xié)

20、調站，每個洋區(qū)都有多個負責提供與己的協(xié)調站，每個洋區(qū)都有多個負責提供與衛(wèi)星通信連接的衛(wèi)星通信連接的CES，為，為SES提供通信服務，提供通信服務，船舶能夠發(fā)射與接收由衛(wèi)星轉接的設備稱為船舶能夠發(fā)射與接收由衛(wèi)星轉接的設備稱為終端，分為終端，分為Inmarsat-A, Inmarsat-B, Inmarsat-F, Inmarsat M等。等。Introduction The Inmarsat system has three major components :the space segment ,the coast station, the ship earth stationSpace se

21、gment Four satellites in geostationary orbit 36000km above equator cover four primary ocean regions: AOR-E,AOR-W,IOR,POR. In addition, Inmarsat has Five spare satellites for back-up use.Coast Earth Stations The CES provide the link between the satellites and terrestrial telecommunications networks ,

22、A typical CES consist of a parabolic antenna which is used for transmission 6GHZ and reception 4GHZ ;another antenna is used for L-band transmission Ship Earth Stations The requirements for SES in GMDSS are capable of two-way communication. Inmarsat-A (Disuse), Inmarsat-B( Almost disuse), Inmarsat-C

23、 (Must provide), Inmarsat F (for E-mail use in ship ).Lesson 5 Inmarsat Communication Service Inmarsat 通信業(yè)務是指通信業(yè)務是指Inmarsat 系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)或者支持的遇險，緊急，安全，常規(guī)報警與或者支持的遇險，緊急，安全，常規(guī)報警與通信業(yè)務，主要有船岸，岸船遇險報警，常通信業(yè)務，主要有船岸，岸船遇險報警，常規(guī)通信。規(guī)通信。Coast Earth Stations (1) Each CES in the system is required to provide reliable comm

24、unication interconnection with an RCC,known as associated RCCs, any distress priority request message received at the CES is automatically processed and passed to the associated RCCs.Coast Earth Stations (2) While ship in distress,to ensure the correct treatment of distress pritority requests,the NC

25、S in each ocean region automatically monitors the processing of such calls by all other CES in that region.if all satellite channels happen to be busy ,one of them will be pre-empted and allocated to the SES which initiated the distress priority call,.shore to ship distress alerting Shore to ship al

26、erting to group of ships with Inmarsat-C SES with International safetyNET . All ships call Geographical area call Group call to select shipsOn -scene SAR Communication On-scene communication are those between the ships in distress and assisting vessels,and between SAR vessel and OSC ,normally short-

27、range communication made on the VHF or MF .Promulgation of MSI (via safetyNET) Promulgation of MSI is performed by means of the International safetyNET system,only Inmarsat -C SES can receive the safetyNET broadcastGeneral Communication Inmarsat system provide ship at sea with the same types and qua

28、lity of modern communication,Teleprinters and VDU and telephone sets,facsimile and date equipments.Chapter 3Inmarsat Instructional Manuals from ManufacturesLesson 6 users manual for Inmarsat-c 本課內容選自日本本課內容選自日本JRC 公司的公司的JUE-75C設備設備使用說明書，上課詳見真機實操。使用說明書，上課詳見真機實操。Lesson 7Users manual for Inmarsat-F Inma

29、rsat -F 終端設備是除終端設備是除C 站以外船上配站以外船上配備的最多的設備之一，主要提供備的最多的設備之一，主要提供語音，數(shù)據(jù)語音，數(shù)據(jù)傳真?zhèn)髡娴韧ㄐ欧眨懈哳l外等通信服務，除中高頻外F站是是唯一站是是唯一遠距離通信裝置遠距離通信裝置，特別是船舶電子郵件的廣，特別是船舶電子郵件的廣泛使用。泛使用。Lesson 8Users manual for Inmarsat-M Inmarsat-M system is based on low cost, light-weigh SES offering voice(telephone)service,with low-speed facsi

30、mile and data capabilities.Chapter 4Terrestrial Communiction System 地面通信按通信頻率分為中頻地面通信按通信頻率分為中頻(MF)，高頻，高頻(HF)，甚高頻甚高頻(VHF)，按通信距離可分為近距離，遠距，按通信距離可分為近距離，遠距離，中距離。甚高頻能實現(xiàn)的是近距離通信，離，中距離。甚高頻能實現(xiàn)的是近距離通信，中頻能夠實現(xiàn)中距離通信，通常中頻能夠實現(xiàn)中距離通信，通常100海里左右，海里左右，高頻能通過天波實現(xiàn)遠距離通信，即全球通信。高頻能通過天波實現(xiàn)遠距離通信，即全球通信。按調制手段來看，分為窄帶直接印字電報按調制手段來看，分

31、為窄帶直接印字電報(NBDP)，SSB或或DSB,DSC. Long-Range Service Use HF in both the ship-to-shore and shore-to-ship direction,In areas cover by Inmarsat it can used as an alternative to satellite communications and outside these areas it provide long-range communication capability, Frequencies designate for 4,6,8,1

32、2,16Mhz bands for this service Lesson 12 Terrestrial Communiction System Medium-Range Service Use MF in the ship-to-shore, ship-to-ship and shore to ship direction 2187.5kHz is used for distress alerts and safety calls using DSC,and 2182kHz by radiotelephony,including SAR and on scene communication,

33、2174.5kHz by direct-printing telegraphy. Lesson 12 Terrestrial Communiction System Short-Range Service Use VHF provide short-range service, 156.525Mhz (CH70) for distress and safety calls using DSC; 156.8 Mhz(CH16) for distress and safety by radiotelephony,including SAR and On -scene communication.

34、Lesson 12 Terrestrial Communiction SystemChapter 5MSI Boardcasting System 海上安全信息（海上安全信息（MSI）是指在航海中岸站利用）是指在航海中岸站利用窄帶直接印字電報聯(lián)網播發(fā)與自動接收的海上窄帶直接印字電報聯(lián)網播發(fā)與自動接收的海上安全信息。該業(yè)務由安全信息。該業(yè)務由IMO和和IHO所指導的全球范所指導的全球范圍航行警告業(yè)務（圍航行警告業(yè)務（WWNWS)的一個組成部分，的一個組成部分，該播發(fā)業(yè)務可以通過衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)該播發(fā)業(yè)務可以通過衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)EGC和地面系統(tǒng)和地面系統(tǒng)NAVTEX實現(xiàn)。實現(xiàn)。 In the GMDSS ,the

35、 WWNWS was included in the system developed for the promulgation of MSI,there are three system: The International NAVTEX system Inmarsat system safety NET HF narrow-band direct-printing (NBDP) Lesson 17 MSI ConceptClassify of MSI 1.World-Wide Navigation Warning Service (WWNWS) Navarea Warning(EGC sy

36、stem safetyNET) Coast Warning(NAVTEX) Local Warning(VHF) 2.Marine Meteorological Service Meteorological Forecast Meteorological warning Introduction: The Enhanced Group Call are a message broadcast service transmitted over the Inmarsat-C communication system ,the service allows terrestrial informati

37、on providers to pass message or data to class 2 or class 3 SESs with EGC receivers or class 0 stand-alone EGC receivers Lesson 18 EGC System Introduction: The Enhanced Group Call offered two primary services: safetyNET (dissemination MSI) FleetNET (commerical communication) Lesson 18 EGC System 航警電傳

38、（航警電傳（NAVTEX)是地面系統(tǒng)的窄帶直接印是地面系統(tǒng)的窄帶直接印字電報的業(yè)務之一，傳播距離大約字電報的業(yè)務之一，傳播距離大約100-200海里，海里，傳播語言是英語，接收的信息包括傳播語言是英語，接收的信息包括ZCZC B1B2B3B4+信息編號信息編號+信息內容信息內容+NNNN,其中其中ZCZC是起始符，是起始符，NNNN是結束符，是結束符，B1是發(fā)射臺是發(fā)射臺識別碼，識別碼，B2是電文種類識別碼，是電文種類識別碼，B3B4是信息編是信息編號，號， Lesson 19 NAVTEX system Definitions: Navtex means the system for the

39、 broadcast and automatic reception of maritime safety information by means of narrow-band direct-printing telegraphy. The sysytem broadcast on 518KHZ,490KhZ,4209.5KhZ, usually 518Khz for English broadcast, 490Khz for second language broadcast,4209.5 Khz for area A1,A2 service.MSI broadcast Navtex Sy

40、stem Principal Features fo Navtex Services: 1.The international Navtex use a single frequency ,with transmission from nominated station with each NAVAREA 2.The power of each transmitter is regulated so as to reduce the risk of interference between transmitter with the same B1 character in different

41、parts of the world. Navtex System Principal Features fo Navtex Services: 3.A dedicated NAVTEX receiver which has the ability message to be printed,a technical code (B1B2B3B4)which appears in the preamble of each message. 4.Certain essential classes of safety information ,such as navigational, meteor

42、ological warning ,search and rescue information ,are non-rejectable for safety. Navtex System Transmitter Identification Character (B1): Character B1 is a transmitter identification ,a single letter which identify the broadcast which are to be accept by the receiver and those to be rejected. In orde

43、r to avoid erroneous reception of transmission from two station having the same B1 character,it is necessary to ensure that such stations have a large geographical separation . Navtex System Transmitter Identification Character (B1): NAVTX Transmission have a designed maximum range of 400, the minim

44、um distance two transmitters with the same B1 identifier must be sufficient to ensure distance 800-900 . Navtex System Transmitter Identification Character (B2): Information is grouped by subject in the navtex broadcast ,and each subject group is allocated a subjected indicator character B2. The sub

45、ject indicator character is used by the receiver to identify different classes of message ,receiver also use B2 character to identify message which,because of their importance ,may not be rejected. Navtex System (3)International DSC calling frequencies： ship coast MF 458.5 455.5 MF 2189.5 2177.0 HF4

46、MHz 4208.0 4219.5 4208.5 4220.0 4209.5 4220.5 HF 6MHz 6312.5 6331.0 6313.0 6331.5 6313.5 5332.0 HF 8MHz 8415.0 8436.5 8415.5 8437.0 8416.0 8437.5 HF12MHz 12577.5 12657.0 12578.0 12657.5 12578.5 12658.0 HF16MHz 16805.0 18903.0 16805.5 16903.5 16806.0 16904.0 HF18MHz 18898.5 19703.5 18899.0 19704.0 18

47、899.5 19704.5 HF22MHz 22374.5 22444.0 22375.0 22444.5 22375.5 22445.0 HF 25MHz 25208.5 26121.0 25209.0 26121.5 25209.5 26122.0 VHF 70頻道頻道 70頻道頻道 Ship to ship 2177.0kHzKeep watch VHF bands(a) Keep watch on DSC frequency 156.525 MHz (channel 70), and (b) frequency 156.8 MHz (channel 16), and(c) freque

48、ncy 156.65 MHz (channel 13) (For International Intership Navigation Safety) or frequency 156.3 MHz (channel 6) (For National Intership Navigation Safety)( Used for communication between ships and aircraft for coordinated SAR operations)Keep watch MF bands Keep on DSC frequency 2187.5 kHz HF bands Ke

49、ep watch on (a) frequency 8 414.5 kHz; and (b) at least one of the following DSC distress and safety frequencies, namely, (i) 4 207.5 kHz, (ii) 6 312 kHz, (iii) 12 577 kHz, or (iv) 16 804.5 kHz. (5)If the station called does not acknowledge the call, the call may be transmitted again on the same cal

50、ling frequency (or another frequency) after a period of at least five minutes (five seconds in automated VHF systems). 如果如果DSC呼叫后，沒有及時得到收妥確認，至少在呼叫后，沒有及時得到收妥確認，至少在間隔間隔5分鐘分鐘(在自動的在自動的VHF系統(tǒng)中是間隔系統(tǒng)中是間隔5s)在同一頻在同一頻段段(或其他頻率或其他頻率)重新呼叫。重新呼叫。 A coast station will acknowledge a call within 5s 4.5 min (VHF 3S).Ac

51、knowledge (6) Three types of MMSI numbers are used to identify individual ships, groups of vessels and coast stations. The example below use MID 412: a)Ship stations 412157000 b)Groups of vessels 041201143 c)Coast Station 004122100The MMSI number (1)The mode of emission to be used for RT: MF/HF:J3E

52、(but in the band 2182KHz also can be H3E) VHF:G3E (2)The peak envelope power(峰包功率峰包功率) of MF should be not exceed 400W , HF not to exceed 1500W, VHF not to exceed 25W. (3)Simplex channel:CH06, CH08-CH17, CH67-74,77.RadiotelephoneNBDP (1)There are two main modes of operation namely ARQ and FEC. For c

53、ommunication between two stations, the ARQ (Automatic Repetition Request 自動重復自動重復請求請求) mode should be used when available. (point to point 點對點點對點)For transmissions from one coast or ship station to two or more other stations, the FEC (Forward Error Correcting 前向糾錯前向糾錯) mode should be used when avail

54、able. (point to surface 點對面點對面)ABARQ modeABmessageShip A transmitter Ship B transmitter Ship A receiver Ship B receiver Error detection codeIf no error, ship A will send next message, otherwise the existing message will re-sent.ARQ (Automated Repetition request)FEC (Forward Error Correcting) mode AB

55、messageShip A transmitter Ship B receiver Ship A sends each message twice only. If two message received by Ship B is identical, ship B will print it. same message sent at second timeFEC (Forward Error Correction)CFEC: collective FEC（集群性（集群性FEC）SELFEC (selective FEC, SFEC)選擇性FECAgain the recipients t

56、ransmitter(接收者的發(fā)射機) does not have to be active and it is similar to FEC in all respects except that the transmission is addressed to a particular receiving station (i.e. by addressing the call to the appropriate MMSI). (2) All ships equipped with telex to work in MF/HF bands shall be able to send an

57、d receive class F1B or J2B emissions;(3)China allocation of selcall numbers is as follows: (分配給中國無線電傳選呼碼分配給中國無線電傳選呼碼)Ship stations: 19700 to 20399Coast stations:2010 to 2039(4)Telex answerbacksTo ensure that an operator has been connected to the correct coast radio station, ship station, or telex su

58、bscriber ashore, it is normal to exchange answerbacks at the commencement(開始) of a telex link.ABCall Ship B with its MMSI Answer owns answerback When, for example, the automatic radio telex facility controlled by coastal radio station is accessed, the following answerback will be received: “00412210

59、0 XSG CN. Where: 004122100 is Shanghai radios MMSI; XSG indicates the identification of Shanghai radio; and CNindicates the country in this case China. A ships answerback might be “41217910 BRYC X .Where: 41217910 indicates the ships selcall number (MV. LIUHE); BRYC is the ships international call s

60、ign; X indicates that it is a maritime mobile station. A company or organization and finally the country identifier. e.g. 33057 COSCO CN Commands function BRK+ To clear the connection with the coast station(斷開無線通信電路斷開無線通信電路) DIRTLXxy+ Direct dialing telex(直接電傳通信指令直接電傳通信指令) GA+ I am ready. Transmit y