1、白領金領必備的商務英語大全economist 經濟學家socialist economy 社會主義經濟capitalist economy 資本主義經濟collective economy 集體經濟planned economy 計劃經濟controlled economy 管制經濟rural economics 農村經濟liberal economy 經濟mixed economy 混合經濟political economy 政治經濟學protectionism 保護主義autarchy 閉關自守primary sector 初級成分private sector 私營成分,私營部門publi

2、c sector 公共部門,公共成分economic channels 經濟渠道economic balance 經濟平衡economic fluctuation 經濟波動economic depression 經濟衰退economic stability 經濟穩定economic policy 經濟政策economic recovery 經濟復原understanding 約定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特爾rate of growth 增長economic trend 經濟趨勢economic situation

3、 經濟形勢infrastructure 基本建設standard of living 生活標準,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 購買力scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滯,蕭條,不景氣underdevelopment 不發達underdeveloped 不發達的developing 發展中的initial capital 創辦資本frozen capital 凍結資金frozen assets 凍結資產順便祝賀威登保羅男包登陸淘寶網(可以搜掌柜名即旺旺號：江河湖海8869)，謝謝各位支持fixed assets 固定資產real estate

4、不動產,房地產circulating capital, working capital 流動資本available capital 可用資產capital goods 資本貨物reserve 準備金,儲備金calling up of capital 催繳資本allocation of funds 資金分配contribution of funds 資金捐獻working capital fund 周轉基金revolving fund 循環基金,周轉性基金contingency fund 意外開支,準備金reserve fund 準備金buffer fund 緩沖基金,平準基金sinking f

5、und 償債基金investment 投資,資產investor 投資人self-financing 自籌經費,經費自給bank 銀行current account 經常帳戶 （美作:checking account）current-account holder 支票帳戶 （美作:checking-account holder）cheque 支票 （美作:check）bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 無記名支票,來人支票crossed cheque 劃線支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票chequebook 支票簿,支票本

6、（美作:checkbook）endorsement 背書transfer 轉讓,轉帳,過戶money 貨幣issue 發行ready money 現錢cash 現金ready money business, no credit given 現金交易,概不賒欠change 零錢banknote, note 鈔票,紙幣 （美作:bill）to pay （in） cash 付現金domestic currency, local currency 本國貨幣convertibility 可兌換性convertible currencies 可兌換貨幣exchange rate 匯率,兌換率foreign

7、 exchange 外匯floating exchange rate 浮動匯率free exchange rates 匯兌市場foreign exchange certificate 外匯兌換券hard currency 硬通貨speculation 投機saving 儲裝,存款depreciation 減價,貶值devaluation （貨幣）貶值revaluation 重估價runaway inflation 無法控制的通貨膨脹deflation 通貨緊縮capital flight 資本外逃securities business 證券市場stock exchange 貢市場stock e

8、xchange corporation 證券交易所stock exchange 證券交易所,貢交易所quotation 報價,牌價share 股份,貢shareholder, stockholder 貢持有人,股東dividend 股息,紅利cash dividend 現金配股stock investment 貢投資investment trust 投資信托stock-jobber 貢經紀人stock company, stock brokerage firm 證券公司securities 有價證券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 優先股incom

9、e gain 股利收入issue 發行貢par value 股面價格, 票面價格bull 買手, 多頭bear 賣手, 空頭assigned 過戶opening price 開盤closing price 收盤hard times 低潮business recession 景氣衰退doldrums 景氣停滯dull 盤整ease 松弛raising limit 漲停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 債券Wall Street 華爾街short term loan 短期貸款long term loan 長期貸款medium term loan 中期貸款lender 債權人cred

10、itor 債權人debtor 債務人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 貼現,折扣rediscount 再貼現annuity 年金maturity 到期日,償還日amortization 攤銷,攤還,分期償付redemption 償還insurance 保險mortgage 抵押allotment 撥款short term credit 短期信貸consolidated debt 合并債務funded debt 固定債務,長期債務floating debt 流動債務drawing 提款,提存a

11、id 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 補貼,補助金,津貼short term loan 短期貸款long term loan 長期貸款medium term loan 中期貸款lender 債權人creditor 債權人debtor 債務人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 貼現,折扣rediscount 再貼現annuity 年金maturity 到期日,償還日amortization 攤銷,攤還,分期償付redemption 償還insurance 保險mortga

12、ge 抵押allotment 撥款short term credit 短期信貸consolidated debt 合并債務funded debt 固定債務,長期債務floating debt 流動債務drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 補貼,補助金,津貼cost 成本,費用expenditure, outgoings 開支,支出fixed costs 固定成本overhead costs 營業間接成本overheads 雜項開支,間接成本operating costs 生產費用,營業成本operating expenses 營業費用runn

13、ing expenses 日常費用,經營費用miscellaneous costs 雜項費用overhead expenses 間接費用,管理費用upkeep costs, maintenance costs 維修費用,養護費用transport costs 運輸費用social charges 社會負擔費用contingent expenses, contingencies 或有費用apportionment of expenses 分攤費用income 收入,收益earnings 利潤,收益gross income, gross earnings 總收入,總收益gross profit,

14、gross benefit 毛利,總利潤,利益毛額net income 純收益,凈收入,收益凈額average income 平均收入national income 國收入profitability, profit earning capacity 利潤率,贏利率yield 產量收益,收益率increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值duty 稅taxation system 稅制taxation 征稅,納稅fiscal charges 財務稅收progressive taxation 累進稅制graduated tax 累進稅value added tax 增值

15、稅income tax 所得稅land tax 地租,地價稅excise tax 特許權稅basis of assessment 估稅標準taxable income 須納稅的收入fiscality 檢查tax-free 免稅的tax exemption 免稅taxpayer 納稅人tax collector 收稅員China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, C.C.P.I.T. 中國國際貿易促進委員會National Council for US-China Trade 美中貿易全國理事會Japan-China Econom

16、ic Association 日中經濟協會Association for the Promotion of International Trade,Japan 日本國際貿易促進會British Council for the Promotion of International Trade 英國國際貿易促進委員會International Chamber of Commerce 國際商會International Union of Marine Insurance 國際海洋運輸保險協會International Alumina Association 國際鋁礬土協會Universal Post

17、al Union, UPU 萬國郵政聯盟Customs Co-operation Council, CCC 關稅合作理事會United Nations Trade and Development Board 聯合國貿易與發展理事會Organization for Economic cooperation and Development, DECD 經濟合作與開發組織European Economic Community, EEC, European Common Market 歐洲經濟共同體European Free Trade Association, EFTA 歐洲貿易聯盟European

18、 Free Trade Area, EFTA 歐洲貿易區Council for Mutual Economic Aid, CMEA 經濟互助委員會Eurogroup 歐洲集團Group of Ten 十國集團Committee of Twenty（Paris Club） 二十國委員會Coordinating Committee, COCOM 巴黎統籌委員會Caribbean Common Market, CCM, Caribbean Free-Trade Association, CARIFTA 加勒比共同市場（加勒比貿易同盟）Andeans Common Market, ACM, Andea

19、ns Treaty Organization, ATO 安第斯共同市場Latin American Free Trade Association, LAFTA 拉丁美洲貿易聯盟Central American Common Market, CACM 中美洲共同市場African and Malagasy Common Organization, OCAM 非洲與馬爾加什共同組織East African Common Market, EACM 東非共同市場Central African Customs and Economic Union, CEUCA 中非關稅經濟同盟West African

20、Economic Community, WAEC 西非經濟共同體Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, OPEC 石油輸出國組織Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, OAPEC 阿拉伯石油輸出國組織Commonwealth Preference Area 英聯邦特惠區Centre National du Commerce Exterieur, National Center of External Trade 法國對外貿易中心People's Bank of

21、China 中國人銀行Bank of China 中國銀行International Bank for Reconstruction and development, IBRD 國際復興開發銀行World Bank 世界銀行International Development association, IDA 國際開發協會International Monetary Found Agreement 國際貨幣基金協定International Monetary Found, IMF 國際貨幣基金組織European Economic and Monetary Union 歐洲經濟與貨幣同盟Euro

22、pean Monetary Cooperation Fund 歐洲貨幣合作基金Bank for International Settlements, BIS 國際結算銀行African Development Bank, AFDB 非洲開發銀行Export-Import Bank of Washington 美國進出口銀行National city Bank of New York 花旗銀行American Oriental Banking Corporation 美豐銀行American Express Co. Inc. 美國萬國寶通銀行The Chase Bank 大通銀行Inter-Am

23、erican Development Bank, IDB 泛美開發銀行European Investment Bank, EIB 歐洲投資銀行Midland Bank,Ltd. 米蘭銀行United Bank of Switzerland 瑞士聯合銀行Dresden Bank A.G. 德累斯敦銀行Bank of Tokyo,Ltd. 東京銀行Hongkong and Shanghai Corporation 香港匯豐銀行International Finance Corporation, IFC 國際金融公司La Communaute Financieve Africane 非洲金融共同體E

24、conomic and Social Council, ECOSOC 聯合國經濟及社會理事會United Nations Development Program, NUDP 聯合國開發計劃署United Nations Capital Development Fund, UNCDF 聯合國資本開發基金United Nations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO 聯合國工業發展組織United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD 聯合國貿易與發展會議Food and Agri

25、cultural Organization, FAO 糧食與農業組織, 糧農組織Economic Commission for Europe, ECE 歐洲經濟委員會Economic Commission for Latin America, ECLA 拉丁美洲經濟委員會Economic Commission for Asia and Far East, ECAFE 亞洲及遠東經濟委員會Economic Commission for Western Asia, ECWA 西亞經濟委員會Economic Commission for Africa, ECA 非洲經濟委員會Overseas Chi

26、nese Investment Company 華僑投資公司New York Stock Exchange, NYSE 紐約證券交易所London Stock Market 倫敦貢市場Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange 波羅的海商業和航運交易所instruction, education 教育culture 文化primary education 初等教育secondary education 中等教育higher education 高等教育the three R's 讀、寫、算school year 學年term, trimester 學

27、季semester 學期school day 教學日school holidays 假期curriculum 課程subject 學科discipline 紀律timetable 課程表class, lesson 課homework 家庭作業exercise 練習dictation 聽寫spelling mistake 拼寫錯誤（short） course 短訓班seminar 研討班playtime, break 課間,休息to play truant, to play hooky 逃學,曠課course （of study） 學業student body 學生（總稱）classmate,

28、schoolmate 同學pupil 小學生student 大學生schoolboy 男生schoolgirl 女生auditor 旁聽生swot, grind 用的學生old boy 老生grant, scholarship, fellowship 獎學金holder of a grant, scholar, fellow 獎學金獲得者school uniform 校服teaching staff 教育工作者（總稱）teachers 教師（總稱）primary school teacher 小學老師teacher lecturer 大學老師professor 教授schooling 教授,授

29、課assistant 助教headmaster 校長 （女性為:headmistress）deputy headmaster, deputy head 副校長rector 校長dean 教務長laboratory assistant, lab assistant 實驗員beadle, porter 門房,學校工友games master, gym teacher, gym instructor 體育教師private tutor 私人教師,家庭教師pedagogue 文學教師（蔑稱）of school age 教齡beginning of term 開學matriculation 注冊to e

30、nroll, to enroll 予以注冊to take lessons （學生）上課to teach （老師）上課to study 學習to learn by heart 記住,掌握to revise, to go over 復習test 考試to test 考試to take an examination, to sit an examination, to do an examination 參加考試convocation notice 考試通知examiner 考試者board of examiners 考試團examination oral, written examination

31、口試,筆試question 問題question paper 試卷crib 夾帶 （美作:trot）to pass an examination （或exam）, 通過考試pass, passing grade 升級prizegiving 分配獎品to fall an examination 未通過考試failure 未考好to repeat a year 留級degree 學位graduate 畢業生to graduate 畢業project, thesis 畢業論文General Certificate of Education 中學畢業證書 （美作:high school diploma

32、）holder of the General Certificate of Education 中學畢業生 （美作:holder of a high school diploma）doctorate 博士學位doctor 博士competitive examination 答辯考試Chinese 語文English 英語Japanese 日語mathematics 數學science 理科gymnastics 體育history 歷史algebra 代數geometry 幾何geography 地理biology 生物chemistry 化學physics 物理physical geograp

33、hy 地球物理literature 文學sociology 社會學psycology 心理學philosophy 哲學engineering 工程學mechanical engineering 機械工程學electronic engineering 電子工程學medicine 醫學social science 社會科學agriculture 農學astronomy 天文學economics 經濟學politics 政治學commercial science 商學biochemistry 生物化學anthropology 人類學linguistics 語言學accounting 會計學law,

34、jurisprdence 法學banking 銀行學metallurgy 冶金學finance 財政學mass-communication 大眾傳播學journalism 新聞學atomic energy 原子能學civil engineering 土木工程architecture 建筑學chemical, engineering 化學工程accounting and statisics 會計統計business administration 工商管理library 圖書館學diplomacy 外交foreign language 外文botany 植物major 主修minor 輔修scho

35、ol 學校kindergarten 幼兒園infant school 幼兒學校primary school, junior school 小學secondary school 中學high school, secondary school 專科學校business school 商業學校technical school 工業學校technical college 專科學校（university） campus 大學university 大學boarding school 供膳宿的學校day school 日校,無宿舍學校,走讀學校day student who has lunch at sch

36、ool 提供午餐的走讀學生academy 專科學院faculty 系hall of residence 學校公寓classroom 教室lecture theatre 閱覽室 （美作:lecture theater）amphitheatre 階梯教室 （美作:amphitheater）staff room 教研室headmaster's study, headmaster's office 校長辦公室（assembly） hall 禮堂library 圖書館playground 操場desk 課桌blackboard 黑板（a piece of） chalk 粉筆slate p

37、encil 石板筆wall map 掛圖skeleton map 廓圖,示意圖globe 地球儀text book 課本dictionary 詞典encyclopedia 百科全書atlas地圖集satchel 書包exercise book 練習本rough not book 草稿本 （美作:scribbling pad）blotting paper 吸墨紙tracing paper 描圖紙squared paper, graph paper 坐標紙（fountain） pen 自來水筆biro, ballpoint （pen） 圓珠筆pencil 鉛筆propelling pencil 自

38、動鉛筆pencil sharpener 鉛筆刀,轉筆刀ink 墨水inkwell 墨水池rubber, eraser 橡皮ruler, rule 尺slide rule 計算尺set square 三角板protractor 量角器compass, pair of compasses 圓規Ministry of Labour 勞工部 （美作epartment of Labor）labour market 勞工市場, 勞務市場Labour exchange, Employment exchange 職業介紹所 （美作:Employment Bureau）labour management 職業介

39、紹經紀人full employment 整日制工作to be paid by the hour 按小時付酬seasonal work 季節工作piecework work 計件工作timework work 計時工作teamwork work 聯合工作shift work 換班工作assembly line work 組裝線工作 （美作:serial production）workshop 車間handicrafts, crafts 手藝, 技藝trade, craft 行當profession, occupation 職務employment, job 工作situation, post 位

40、置job 一件工作vacancy 空缺, 空額work permit 工作許可證to apply for a job 求職, 找工作application（for a job） 求職to engage, to employ 雇用work contract 勞務合同industrial accident 勞動事故occupational disease 職業病vocational guidance 職業指導vocational training 職業訓練retraining, reorientation, rehabilitation 再訓練, 再培訓holidays, holiday, vac

41、ation 假期labour costs, labour input 勞力成本fluctuation of labour 勞力波動 （美作f labor）worker 工作者permanent worker 長期工, 固定工personnel, staff 人員employee 職員clerk, office worker 辦公室人員salary earner 雇傭工人workman 工人organized labour 參加工會的工人skilled worker 技術工人unskilled worker 非技術工人specialized worker 熟練工人farm worker 農場工人

42、labourer worker 農業工人day labourer 日工seasonal worker 季節工collaborator 合作者foreman 工頭trainee, apprentice 學徒工apprenticeship 學徒artisan, craftsman 工匠specialist 專家night shift 夜班shortage of labour, shortage of manpower 缺乏勞力working class 工人階級proletarian 無產者proletariat 無產階級trade union 工會 （美作:labor union）trade u

43、nionist 工團主義者trade unionism 工團主義guild 行會,同會,公會association, society, union 協會emigration 移,移居employer 雇主,老板shop steward （工廠的）工會代表 （美作:union delegate）delegate 代表representative 代表works council 勞資聯合委員會labour law 勞工法working day, workday 工作日full-time employment, full-time job, full-time work 全天工作part-time

44、employment, part-time job, part-time work 半日工作順便祝賀威登保羅男包登陸淘寶網(可以搜掌柜名即旺旺號：江河湖海8869)，謝謝各位支持working hours 工作時間overtime 業余時間remuneration 報酬pay, wage, salary 工資wage index 工資指數minimum wage 最低工資basic wage 基礎工資gross wages 全部收入net, real wages 實際收入hourly wages, wage rate per hour 計時工資monthly wages 月工資weekly w

45、ages 周工資piecework wage 計件工資maximum wage 最高工資 （美作:wage ceiling）sliding scale 按物價計酬法payment in kind 用實物付酬daily wages 日工資premium, bonus, extra pay 獎勵payday 發工資日, 付薪日pay slip 工資單payroll 薪水冊unemployment benefit 失業救濟old-age pension 退休金,養老金collective agreement 工會代表工人與資方代表達成的協議retirement 退休claims 要求strike 罷

46、工striker 罷工者go-slow 怠工（美作:slow-down）lockout 停工（業主為抵制工人的要求而停工）staggered strike 階段性罷工strike picket 罷工糾察隊員strike pay 罷工津貼（由工會給的）strikebreaker, blackleg 破壞罷工者down tools, sit-down strike 靜坐demonstration, manifestation 示威sanction 制裁unemployment 失業seasonal unemployment 季節性失業underemployment 不充分就業unemployed

47、man 失業者（個人）the unemployed 失業者（集體）to discharge, to dismiss 辭退,開除,解雇dismissal 開除,解雇to terminate a contract 結束合同,結束契約negotiation 談判collective bargaining 勞資雙方就工資等問題談判receptionist 接待員typist 打字員key puncher 電腦操作員stenographer 速記員telephone operator 電話接線員programmer 電腦程序員system analyst 系統分析員shorthand typist 速記

48、打字員office girl 女記事員public servants 公務員national public servant 國家公務員local public service employee 地方公務員nation railroad man 國營鐵路職員tracer 繪圖員illustrator 匯稿員saleswoman 女店員pilot 駕駛員simultaneous 同時譯員publisher 出版人員graphic designer 美術設計員delivery boy 送報員secretary 秘書policeman 警察journalist 記者editor 編輯interpret

49、er 通譯者director 導演talent 星探actor 男演員actress 女演員photographer 攝影師scholar 學者translator 翻譯家novelist 小說家playwright 劇作家linguist 語言學家botanist 植物學家economist 經濟學家chemist 化學家scientist 科學家philosopher 哲學家politician 政治學家physicist 物理學家astropologist 人類學家archaeologist 考古學家geologist 地質學家expert on folklore 俗學家mathemat

50、ician 數學家biologist 生物學家zoologist 動物學家statistician 統計學家physiologist 生理學家futurologist 未來學家artists 藝術家painter 畫家musician 音樂家composer 作曲家singer 歌唱家designer 設計家sculptor 雕刻家designer 服裝設計師fashion coordinator 時裝調配師dressmaker 女裝裁剪師cutter 裁剪師sewer 裁縫師tailor 西裝師傅beautician 美容師model 模特ballerina 芭蕾舞星detective 刑警chief of police 警察局長taxi driver 出租車司機clerk 店員mailman 郵差newspaper boy 報童bootblack 擦鞋童poet 詩人copywriter 撰稿人producer 制片人newscaster 新聞評論人milkman 送奶人merchant 商人florist 賣花人baker 面包師greengrocer 菜販fis