1、.啟用前絕密 2012年全國攻讀工商管理碩士學位研究生入學考試 英語模擬A1試卷考生注意事項1 選擇題的答案須用2B鉛筆填涂在答題卡上，其它筆填涂的或做在試卷上的答案無效。2 其他題一律用藍色鋼筆或黑色鋼筆或圓珠筆在答題紙上按規(guī)定要求作答，凡做在試卷上或未做在指定位置的答案無效。3 交卷時，請配合監(jiān)考人員驗收，并請監(jiān)考人員在準考證相應位置簽字（作為考生交卷的憑據(jù)）。否則，所產(chǎn)生的一切后果由考生自負。Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbe

2、red blank and mark A, B, C or D an ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The United States has historically had higher rates of marriage than those of other industrialized countries. The current annual marriage 1 in the United Statesabout 9 new marriages for every 1，000 peopleis 2 higher than it is in other i

3、ndustrialized countries. However, marriage is 3 as widespread as it was several decades ago. 4 of American adults who are married 5 from 72 percent in 1970 to 60 percent in 2002. This does not mean that large numbers of people will remain unmarried 6 their lives. Throughout the 20th century, about 9

4、0 percent of Americans married at some 7 in their lives. Experts 8 that about the same proportion of todays young adults will eventually marry.The timing of marriage has varied 9 over the past century. In 1995 the average age of women in the United States at the 10 of their first marriage was 25. Th

5、e average age of men was about 27. Men and women in the United States marry 11 the first time at an average of five years later than people. 12 in the 1950s. 13 , young adults of the 1950s married younger than did any previous 14 in U.S. history. Todays later age of marriage is _ 15_ the age of marr

6、iage between 1890 and 1940. 16 , a greater proportion of the population was married (95 percent) during the 1950s than at any time before _17 . Experts do not agree on 18 the “marriage rush” of the late 1940s and 1950s occurred, but most social scientists believe it represented a 19 to the return of

7、 peaceful life and prosperity after 15 years of severe economic 20 and war.1. A. ratio B. rate . C. percentage D. poll2. A. potentially B. intentionally C. substantially D. randomly3. A. not any longer B. no more C. not any more D. no longer4. A. The proportion B. A proportion C. The number D. A num

8、ber5. A. deteriorated B. declined C. deduced D. demolished6. A. past B. passing C. throughout D. through7. A. period B. level C. point D. respect8. A. promise B. plan C. project D propose9. A . unexpectedly B . irregularly C. flexibly D. consistently10. A. time B. year C. stage D. age11. A. at B. in

9、 C. of D. for12. A. do B. did C. marry D. married13. A. Besides B. However C. Whereas D. Nevertheless14. A. descendants B. ascendants C. generation D. Population15. A. Caused by B. According to C. based on D. In line with16. A. Moreover B. Likewise C. Similarly D. Therefore17. A. and after B. or aft

10、er C. ever since D. or since18. A. why B. how C. when D. what19. A. refusal B. realization C. reality D. response20. A . repression B . aggression C. depression D . restrictionSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage

11、by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)TEXT 1Advertising plays a major role in the distribution of goods from manufacturers to consumers. It provides an effective way for sellers to inform buyers about products. Advertising thus helps manufacturers sell their produ

12、cts and benefits consumers by providing them with shopping information.Advertising also helps the economy grow by stimulating demand for new products. Manufacturers spend much money to develop new products. Through advertising, they can speed up the process of creating a market for a product and so

13、recover their costs more quickly. Fewer new products would be developed if manufacturers could not use advertising to help sell the products.Advertisers include the expense of advertising in the sales price of a product. In some cases, advertising raises the price of a product. In other cases, adver

14、tising helps lower prices by creating the mass demand that supports mass production. Successful advertising makes many people want a product. By mass producing a product and developing a large volume of sales, the manufacturer can charge less per unit.Sociologically, advertising supports the mass co

15、mmunication media. It pays all the costs of commercial television and radio. It provides viewers with free entertainment and news programs, though viewers are often annoyed by commercial interruptions. Advertising also pays three-fourths of the costs of newspapers and magazines. Without advertising,

16、 readers would have to pay a higher price for newspapers and magazines, and many of the publications would go out of business.Because the mass media depend on advertising to stay in business, many people question whether advertisers control the media. Generally, media do not allow advertisers to inf

17、luence their programming or editorial content. However, many broadcasters and publishers do not hesitate to run favorable information about their advertisers, and they sometimes refuse to run unfavorable information. Critics of commercial television maintain that dependence on advertising lowers the

18、 quality of TV programming. In order to sell advertising time at high prices, TV stations try to attract the largest possible audience. Critics argue that the stations therefore broadcast too many general entertainment programs and not enough informational and cultural programs.Many critics also cha

19、rge that advertising persuades people to buy products they do not need or want through the use of psychological techniques. Advertisers reply that they do not have the means to make people buy unwanted products. They argue that adults freely choose what to buy or what not to buy. Most experts agree,

20、 however, that Advertising is particularly persuasive to young children, who do not have the ability or experience to judge advertising critically. For this reason, the Federal Trade Commission has strict regulations governing advertising aimed at children.21. Advertising is useful to the economy in

21、 the sense that .A. it helps to inform customers about new productsB. it gives the designers a chance to make moneyC. it helps to create a market for new productsD. it gives the producers an excuse to raise prices22. Consumers will not benefit until advertising becomes successful .A. and the produce

22、r lowers the priceB. with mass productionC. before a new market has been createdD. or the manufacturer has recovered the cost23. The author seems to think that commercial interruption on television and radio .A. are a waste of timeB. are fully justifiedC. only serve the interest of producersD. only

23、serve the interest of the media24. What critics are really worried about?A. Broadcasters and publishers do not want to make open bad news about their advertisersB. Stations are too much interested in seeking money from their advertisersC. Programs are not so appealing to more and more audienceD. Sta

24、tions will not broadcast enough educational programs25. What is the authors attitude towards advertising?A. Negative B. PositiveC. IndifferentD. Not clearTEXT2 A prominent group of British university teachers this week called on the funding councils to stop supporting low-quality research and put mo

25、ney into improving university teaching instead. The National Academic Policy Advisory Group, which includes members from the Royal Society, the Royal Academy of Engineering and the Conference of Medical Royal Colleges, insists that all research money should be spent on world-class work. The funding

26、councils Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) judges the quality of research carried out in individual university departments, and rates it on a scale of 1 to 5. In the last assessment, in 1992, departments ranked as low as 2 received funding. The group says this should not happen in this years exerci

27、se. Funding councils have not yet announced how they will distribute money from now on. In a report called Research Capability of the University System launched this week the group claims that funds are needed to pay for the “professional development” of university teachers who are not active in res

28、earch, to help them keep up with their subject and improve the courses they teach. It recommends that about 50 million, including money which is currently used to fund research in departments ranked at level 2, should be used to pay for this. It advises that the money should go only to those departm

29、ents that are not competing for research money through the RAE. The group believes that some universities have been expanding their research departments in order to attract research money. Some university ties, it claims, are better suited to teaching than research, and should be encouraged to devel

30、op their expertise as educators. “Theres no use pretending that 104 universities could have the same job in life,” says David Harrison, master of Selwyn College, Cambridge, who chaired the group. “A university could have some departments that are strong on research and others that are known for thei

31、r top-grade teaching,” he says. But some people have some doubts about the groups recommendations. “It seems to be about developing further the distinction between research and non-research universities,” says Paul Cottrell of the Association of University Teachers. “If professional development mone

32、y is a good idea, then its a good idea for all university teachers.”26. The National Academic Policy Advisory Group says that the money should be given to .A. all the teachersB. the best researchersC. the best teachersD. the needy universities27. Which of the following assesses the research quality

33、of university departments on the scale of 1 to 5?A. Research Assessment Exercise.B. The National Academic Policy Advisory Group.C. Funding councils.D. University teachers.28. Why does the group demand the changes in the distribution of the funds?A. To hold back funds for level 2 departments.B. To he

34、lp the teachers not active in research.C. To encourage some teachers to be better educators.D. To attract research money.29. What does David Harrison mean when he says “the same job” (Paragraph 6)?A. All university teachers should do research.B. Some teachers should be supported to teach better.C. U

35、niversities are pretending to do the same job.D. Teachers should teach well.30. Why will the call for a change in the use of the funds be opposed?A. Funding councils like to distribute the money the same way as usual.B. Teachers engaged in research will be too powerful.C. Top-grade teaching is alrea

36、dy well under way.D. More differences will not be appreciated between research and non-research universities.TEXT 3Most publishing is now “electronic” in the sense that books, magazines, and newspapers are prepared on computers, and exist as computer files before they are printed on paper. Often the

37、re are advantages to giving readers access to the electronic versions of publications as well as-or even instead of-the printed versions.Print publications have lots of advantages. Paper is pleasant to handle, easy to read, and very portable: you can read it almost anywhere. On the other hand, print

38、 has its weaknesses. Paper is expensive, and articles are often cut to fit the space available. Printing and distributing paper is expensive and takes time. Printed materials are expensive to store and almost impossible to search. Electronic publishing offers solutions to all these problems. Suppose

39、 a publisher makes the electronic copy of a newspaper or magazine available from the net, perhaps on the Internets World Wide Web. No paper is used and disc space is cheap, so internet publishing costs very little. Articles dont have to be cut (though there is of course a limit to the amount people

40、are willing to read on line). Internet publishing is fast, and readers can access material as soon as it becomes available: within minutes, instead of the next day, next week or next month. Internet publishing goes beyond geographical boundaries: the humblest local paper can be read everywhere from

41、New York to London to Delhi to Tokyo. Delivery costs are low because there are no newsagents to pay, and no postal charges: readers pick up the bills for their on-line sessions. Also, computer-based publications are simple to store (on disc) and every word can be searched electronically. At the mome

42、nt, newspapers and magazines, TV and radio stations, news agencies and book publishers are making content freely available on the Web because they are competing for “mindshare”. Perhaps they want to find out if they can attract and hold an audience on line, or perhaps theyre afraid of missing out be

43、cause “everyone else is doing it”. But dont count on things staying that way. Publishers are not in business to lose money.31. What does the author probably foresee?A. Readers will have more accesses.B. Books, magazines, and newspapers will be kept as computer files.C. It will not make any sense to

44、keep the printed versions.D. Electronic publications will replace printed ones.32. Which of the following is among the troubles print has?A. It is dear to find printed materials.B. Frequent editing is needed for better layout.C. Paper is passed around quickly.D. The space to restore articles is not

45、enough.33. The electronic version of newspapers or magazines has all the following advantages EXCEPT that .A. it can be carried aroundB. it can be read in many placesC. it can be immediately accessedD. it requires little delivery cost34. Why are publishers making their books freely available?A. They

46、 want to make money.B. They try to win more freedom.C. They are competing for fun.D. They do not like to lose their audience.35. What method does the author mainly use in this passage to achieve better effects?A. Examples and testing. B. Listing and persuading.C. Comparisons and listing. D. Analysis

47、 and examples.TEXT 4When we worry about who might be spying on our private lives, we usually think about the Federal agents. But the private sector outdoes the government every time. Its Linda Tripp, not the FBI, who is facing charges under Marylands laws against secret telephone taping. Its our ban

48、ks, not the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), that pass our private financial data to telemarketing firms.Consumer activists are pressing Congress for better privacy laws without much result so far. The legislators lean toward letting business people track our financial habits virtually at will. As an

49、 example of whats going on, consider U.S. Bancorp, which was recently sued for deceptive practices by the state of Minnesota. According to the lawsuit, the bank supplied a telemarketer called MemberWorks with sensitive customer data such as names, phone numbers, bank-account and creditcard numbers,

50、Social Security numbers, account balances and credit limits.With these customer lists in hand, MemberWorks started dialing for dollars - selling dental plans, videogames, computer software and other products and services. Customers who accepted a “free trial offer” had 30 days to cancel. If the dead

51、line passed, they were charged automatically through their bank or credit-card accounts. U.S. Bancorp collected a share of the revenues.Customers were doubly deceived, the lawsuit claims. They didnt know that the bank was giving account numbers to MemberWorks. And if customers asked, they were led t

52、o think the answer was no.The state sued Member Works separately for deceptive selling. The company denies that it did anything wrong. For its part, U.S. Bancorp settled without admitting any mistakes. But it agreed to stop exposing its customers to nonfinancial products sold by outside firms. A few

53、 top banks decided to do the same. Many other banks will still do business with MemberWorks and similar firms.And banks will still be mining data from your account in order to sell you financial products, including things of little value, such as credit insurance and credit-card protection plans. Yo

54、u have almost no protection from businesses that use your personal accounts for profit. For example, no federal law shields “transaction and experience” informationmainly the details of your bank and credit-card accounts. Social Security numbers are for sale by private firms. Theyve generally agreed

55、 not to sell to the public. But to businesses, the numbers are an open book. Self-regulation doesnt work. A firm might publish a privacy-protection policy, but who enforces it?Take U.S. Bancorp again. Customers were told, in writing, that “all personal information you supply to us will be considered

56、 confidential.” Then it sold your data to MemberWorks. The bank even claims that it doesnt “sell” your data at all. It merely “shares” it and reaps a profit. Now you know. 36. Contrary to popular belief, the author finds that spying on peoples privacy .A. is mainly carried out by means of secret tapingB. has been intensified with the help of the IRSC. is