1、Unit 15Learning知識清單重點單詞1._ n. 改正；改進_ vt. & vi. 改正2._ adj. 簡單的_ vt. 簡化3._vt. 理解_ vt. 誤解_ n. 誤會4._ vt. 教導；指導_n. 教導；指導_adj. 有教育意義的 5._n. 作業；任務_vt. 分配；指派6._n. 懲罰_ vt. 懲罰7._vt. 保衛；保護_ n. 保衛8._ vt. 假設；假定_n. 假設；假定9._ vt. & vi. 批準；同意_n. 批準；同意10._n. 欣賞；感激_ vt. 欣賞；感激重點短語1._ _ 裁員；解雇2._ _ _ _ 懷疑某人做某事 3.

2、_ _ 除之外4._ _ _ _ 沉溺于某事5._ _ _ _ 在某種程度上6._ _ 出發；引發7._ _ _ _ / _ _ 習慣于 8._ _ 贊同；同意9._ _ _ 總的來說10._ _ 經常做；傾向于11._ _ 發呆；默然12._ _ _ _ 撞見某人做某事重點句式1.be about to do.句型2.as if引導的表語從句和狀語從句3.not only.but also. 的用法核心語法虛擬語氣在條件句的運用自我校對重點單詞：1correction；correct2.simple; simplify3.understand; misunderstand; misunder

3、standing4.instruct; instruction; instructive5assignment; assign6.punishment; punish7.defend; defence8.assume; assumption9.approve; approval10.appreciation; appreciate重點短語：1lay off2.suspect sb of sth3.aside from4.be buried in sth5.to a certain extent6.set off7.be accustomed; used to sth / doing sth8.

4、approve of9.as a whole10.tend to11.go blank12.catch sb doing sth重點詞匯探究1instruct vt. 命令；指導；通知；教導instruct sb to do sth指導/命令/通知某人做某事instruct a class in history給學生上歷史課instruct sb in English教某人英語instruction n. 用法說明；操作指南(常用作復數)1)I'll _ my secretary to send an invitation to you right away. 我讓我的秘書馬上給你們發

5、一個邀請函。2)I will _ him whether to come today or tomorrow. 我將通知他是今天來還是明天來?！敬鸢浮?)instruct2)instruct(1)單項填空In October, the price of the _ to Mount Tai has risen by 50 yuan.ApermissionBadmissionCpromise Dinstruction【答案與解析】Bpermission“允許”；admission“入場費”；promise“答應”；instruction“指導”。此處指“入場費”，故選B項。(2)名校押題(201

6、0福建泉州高三抽測)Do read the _ on the bottle carefully and take the proper amount of medicine every time.Aexplanations BinstructionsCdescriptions Dintroductions【答案與解析】Bread the instructions on the bottle carefully “認真閱讀瓶子上的說明”。explanation “解釋”； description “描述”； introduction “介紹”。2. reflect vi. 思考 vt. 映射；反

7、射；思考reflect.in. 在里映射；通過來表達 / 表明reflect sth from sth 從某物(表面)反射(光、熱、聲等)reflect in. 倒映在；在中看到reflect on / upon sth 認真思考某事reflection n. 反映；反射reflective adj. 沉思的；深思的1)He looked at his face _ in the mirror. 他照鏡子看看臉。2)The moon shines with _ light. 月球是反射陽光而發光的。3)How distant those times seemed now, he _. 他在想那

8、些日子現在已顯得多么遙遠。4)That choice _ your good taste. 那選擇反映了你的品味高雅?！敬鸢浮?)reflected2)reflected3)reflected4)reflects(1)用reflect的適當形式填空1)Does this letter _ how you really think? 2)These excellent results _ great credit on all our staff.3)She sat _ _ how much it had changed since he'd bought the farm.4)He _

9、 that he had no right to do this.【答案】1)reflect2)reflect3)reflecting on4)reflected(2)名校押題(2011寧夏固原畢業班質檢)Sean's strong love for his hometown is _ in his recently published poems.Areplied BreflectedCresponded Drecovered【答案與解析】Breply“回答；答復”，為不及物動詞；reflect“反映”；respond“回應”；recover“恢復；收回”。 題意：肖恩對祖國強烈的愛

10、在他最近發表的詩歌中反映出來了。3select vt. 選擇；挑選；選拔selection n. 選擇；挑選selective adj. 選擇性的；有選擇的1)I will _ a Christmas present for my son. 我要給兒子挑一份圣誕禮物。2)Simon has been _ to represent us at the conference in Paris. 西蒙已被推選出來代表我們出席在巴黎的會議。3)We must _ from among the good cadres. 我們必須從好干部中挑選。【答案】1)select2)selected3)select

11、choose, select和pick out三者都有“挑選”的意思。choose 通常指在所提供的對象中，憑借個人的判斷進行選擇。select 指有目的地仔細認真地選擇， 有“精選”的含義。pick out 比較通俗， 常指按照個人喜好或意愿進行挑選，或指“分辨；辨認出”。 (1)用choose, select 和 pick out 填空1)_ the best answer. 選擇最佳答案。2)He looked through the suits and _ the cheapest one for me. 他在那些衣服里找了一陣， 挑了一套最便宜的給我。 3)It was easy t

12、o _ _ Bob's father.鮑勃的父親很容易被認出來?！敬鸢浮?)Choose2)selected3)pick out(2)名校押題1)(2011 海南?？诟呷m應性測試)There are eight pairs _， but I'm at a loss which to purchase.Ato be chosen Bto choose fromCto choose Dfor choosing【答案與解析】Bchoose from “從中選擇”，這里應當用不定式作定語，故選B項。題意：共有八雙可供選擇，但我不知該買哪一雙。2)(2011 安徽銅陵高三模擬)It w

13、as so dark at the theatre that I could hardly _ my friend.Aturn out Bgive out Ccall out Dpick out【答案與解析】D考查動詞短語。 turn out “生產出；結果是”； give out “放出；發出；用完；用盡”； call out “召喚出動”； pick out “挑選出；辨認出”。 題意：電影院里很黑，我幾乎不能辨認出我的朋友。4lack v&n. 缺乏；缺少；不足lack (for) sth 缺少某物be lacking (in) sth缺少某物for / by / from /

14、through lack of 因缺乏；因沒有have no lack of不缺乏1)I cannot buy the bike because of my _ _ money. 我因為缺錢而買不起那輛自行車。2)A _ _ food caused her to grow weak. 缺少食物導致她身體虛弱。3)We still _ the necessary information. 我們仍缺少必要的信息。4)The child seems to be _ in intelligence. 這孩子似乎缺乏智慧?！敬鸢浮?)lack of2)lack of3)lack4)lacking(1)單

15、項填空He says that my new car is a _ of money.Don't you think those words are just sour grapes?Alack BloadCquestion Dwaste【答案與解析】D根據語境可知他說“我”的新車浪費錢。a waste of money “浪費錢”。(2)名校押題(2011安徽巢湖高三期末教學質檢)Though _ money, all his family members managed to send him to university.Alacked Blacking ofClacking Dl

16、acked in【答案與解析】Clack在此作及物動詞，意為“缺乏；缺少”。其邏輯主語是“all his family members”，因而用ving主動形式。5worthwhile adj. 值得的worthwhile可用作定語，也可用作表語。用作表語時，其后可接動詞不定式，也可后接ving。1)We decided to give the money to a _ cause ( one that helps people)我們決定將錢用于對人民有益的事業上。2)It is _ _ _ / _ abroad because you will make more money.去國外是值得的

17、，因為你將會賺更多的錢?！敬鸢浮?)worthwhile2)worthwhile to go / goingworth, worthy和worthwhile這三個詞都有“值得”的意思，但用法或搭配不同。worth后通常接名詞(多數為錢數或價值相當的比喻性名詞)。其后還可接ving的主動形式，表示被動含義(一般不接不定式)。如果表示“很值得”的意思時，要用be well worth。worthy后可接of n. / being done 或接 to be done，其后還可接不定式。worthwhile既可作表語，又可作定語。常用于句型it is worthwhile.中，其后跟動名詞短語或不定

18、式短語均可(動名詞短語或不定式短語是句子的真正主語)。(1)單項填空What do you think of the science fiction?Oh, excellent. It's worth _ many times.Ato read Bto be readCreading Dbeing read【答案與解析】Cbe worth doing “值得做”，這里用主動表被動。(2)名校押題(2011江蘇鹽城高三二模)It is not _ to discuss the question again and again.Aworth BworthyCworthwhile Dvalu

19、able【答案與解析】C根據題意可知，此句只適合用詞組be worthwhile to do sth，因此選C項。be worthwhile 后也可接ving。6acquire vt. 獲得；取得；學到常指通過努力獲得知識、技能、聲譽等。1)The collector has _ a fine collection of impressionists'paintings.這位收藏家收集了大量印象派畫家的畫。2)How did he _ his wealth？他的財富是怎樣得來的？3)Through reading one can _ knowledge.人們可以通過讀書來獲得知識?！敬?/p>

20、案】1)acquired2)acquire3)acquire(1)翻譯句子他因發明了電視機而享有國際聲譽。_【答案】He acquired on international reputation for invention of television.(2)名校押題(2011山東師大附中一模)In order to _ a good knowledge of German, she quitted her job and went to study in a German school.ArequireBinquireCacquireDrequest【答案與解析】C考查動詞詞義辨析。requi

21、re “需要；要求”； inquire “詢問；查詢”； acquire “獲得；學到”； request “請求；邀請；要求”。7ignore vt. 不顧；不理；忽視ignorant adj.無知的；沒知識的；未受教育的be ignorant of sth 不知道某事ignorance n. 無知show ignorance of sth對某事全然無知from / out of / through ignorance出于無知1)On no account _ _ _ the value of knowledge. 我們絕對不能忽視知識的價值。2)She didn't see me

22、wave or she deliberately _ me.要么她沒看見我招手，要么就是故意不理我。3)_ _ / _ this would be a mistake.忽視這點是錯誤的?！敬鸢浮?)can we ignore2)ignored3)To ignore；Ignoring(1)單項填空Safety regulations are being _ by company managers in the drive to increase profits.Aleft Bthrown Cignored Demphasized【答案與解析】C考查動詞詞義辨析。leave“離開；丟下”；thro

23、w“扔掉”；ignore“忽視；不顧”；emphasize“強調”。題意為“受增長收益的驅使，安全措施被公司經理忽視了”。結合題意可知C項為正確答案。(2)名校押題(2010 山東聊城高三模擬)My children are always arguing._AJust ignore them. BThat's right.CYou're welcome.DHow old is the boy?【答案與解析】A考查交際用語。 just ignore them“別理他們”，符合題意。urge (sb) on sth鼓勵(某人)做某事；激勵；為(某人)加油urge sb to do

24、/ into doing sth 敦促/慫恿/強烈要求/力勸某人做某事 urge against sth 極力反對某事urge for sth 極力主張某事urge that從句(that從句用虛擬語氣，謂語部分用should動詞原形，其中should 可以省略)urgent adj. 緊迫的；緊急的；非常重要的；急需的urgency n緊迫之事1)What can we do to _ these lazy workers to work hard? 我們怎樣才能敦促這些懶惰的工人去努力工作呢？2)The dogs are _ _ fighting more fiercely by loud

25、 shouts from the crowd. 人群里發出的高聲叫喊使這些狗咬斗得更兇了。3)They _ us _ _ at once. 他們催促我們馬上去。8urge vt.&vi.力勸；敦促；鼓勵；極力主張4)The senator _ _ the adoption of the measure. 那位參議員極力反對采取這項措施。5)The citizens _ _ the construction of a new hospital. 市民們強烈要求建一個新醫院。6)My friends urged that I _ for the job. 朋友們力勸我申請那份工作?！敬鸢浮?/p>

26、1)urge2)urged into3)urged；to go4)urged against5)urged for6)(should) apply(1)用urge, urgent 或 urgency 填空1)We _ the school team on with loud cheers. 我們大聲助威，激勵校隊拼搏。2)Many people are in _ need of food and water. 許多人急需食物和水。3)She was _ in her demands. 她的要求很急切。4)It now is a matter of _ that aid reaches the

27、famine area. 現在最緊迫的事情是把救援物資運抵饑荒地區。【答案】1)urged2)urgent3)urgent4)urgency(2)名校押題(2010山東威海模擬)The villagers have been cut off by floods from the outside world for a week and they are now in _ need of food.Aanxious Burgent Cpassive Dformal【答案與解析】Bin urgent need of “急需”。9assume vt. 假設；假定；主觀認為；裝出樣子；承擔assume

28、 sb / sth to be假定/假設某人/某事為It is assumed that.被認為assumed adj. 假裝的；假的；假定的；設想的 an assumed result 假定的結果assumption n. 假定；假設make an assumption認為；假定on the assumption that假定assuming adj.自負的；傲慢的；過分自信的conj.假如 (后跟從句)assuming that. 假設/假定1)I made a mistake and I will _ _ _ it.我錯了，我愿為此承擔責任。2)I _ _ you can speak F

29、rench fluently.我以為你能講流利的法語。3)_ _ _ _ _， what should we do now？假定這是真的，我們現在該怎么辦？4)_ _ _ _ _ stress is caused by too much work.普遍認為，緊張是工作過重所致?！敬鸢浮?)assume responsibility for2)assumed that3)Assuming it to be true4)It is generally assumed thatassume, guess和imagineassume“假設；設想；認為”，指很少或完全無根據的心理推測，并非合乎邏輯的推理

30、，或指為論證而提出有一定根據的假設。guess“猜測；猜想”，最常用詞，指毫無根據僅憑個人主觀臆斷或碰運氣的猜測。imagine“想象”，指毫無根據、隨意想象，可在腦海中構成清晰明確的圖像。 (1)完成句子1)_ _ _ _ _(假定計劃失敗了), what should we do now?2)_ _ _(我們假定) for a moment that the plan succeeds.3)His actions were based on _ _ _(一個錯誤的設想)4)We _ _ _ _ _(假定他是) innocent until he is proved guilty.【答案】1

31、)Assuming that the plan fails2)Let us assume3)a false assumption4)must assume him to be(2)名校押題1)(2010東北三校高三聯合模擬)_ it rains tomorrow, what shall we do?AAssuming BTo assume CTo be assumed DAssume【答案與解析】A考查連詞。分析句子可看出本句缺少連詞，assuming conj.“假如 (后跟從句)”。題意：假定明天下雨，我們該怎么辦？adapt oneself to. 使自己適應或習慣于adapt to適應

32、adapt .for . 使適應；使適合(新用途、新情況)adapt.from. 根據改寫/改編adaptable adj. 能適應的；有適應能力的；可改編的adaption adaptation n. 適應；改編本；改寫本adapter / adaptor n. 改編者1)Can you _ _ _ the new job？你能適應這份新工作嗎？2)You'd better _ _ the new environment as soon as possible.你最好盡快適應這個新環境。3)The play _ _ _ a novel.這部電視劇是由一部小說改編而成的。4)The m

33、akers _ _ _ _ _ _the Russian original.影片制作人為了孩子們將這本俄文原著改編成了卡通電影?！敬鸢浮?)adapt yourself to2)adapt to3)is adapted from4)adapted the cartoon film for children fromadapt, adjust, fit, suit, match和adoptadapt 指修改或改變以適應新條件。adjust 多指 “調整；調節”使之適應。fit 多指“大小形狀適合”，引申為“吻合”suit 多指合乎要求，(口味、性格、情況顏色、衣著、發型、氣候、條件、時間、地位)

34、適合某人。match 指色調、形狀、性質，設計等相配或搭配協調。adopt 指“采用；采??；收養；正式通過”。(1)用adapt, adjust, fit, suit, match和adopt的適當形式填空1)When you go to a new country, you must _ yourself to new customs.2)Having no children of their own, they decided to _ an orphan.3)You can't see through the telescope until it is _ to your eye

35、s. 4)The shoes _ her very well.5)A red jacket doesn't _ green trousers.6)No dish _ all tastes.【答案】1)adapt2)adopt3)adjusted4)fit5)match6)suits(2)名校押題(2010蘭州一中高三診斷)It is not socially _ for parents to leave children unattended at that age.Aaccessible BadorableCadaptable Dacceptable【答案與解析】Daccessibl

36、e“可進入的”；adorable“值得崇拜的”；adaptable“能適應的”； acceptable“可接受的”。由題意可知D項正確。11suspect vt. 懷疑n. 嫌疑犯adj. 不可信的；靠不住的suspect sth 懷疑某事suspect that從句 懷疑 suspect (sb / sth) as / to be 懷疑(某人/某物)為suspect sb of sth 懷疑某人做某事I suspect not / so 我想不會/會的1)We all _ the truth _ the report. 我們都懷疑報告的真實性。2)We had no reason to _

37、he might try to kill himself. 我們沒有理由認為他會自殺。3)What she said sounded convincing, but I _ _ to be a lie. 她的話聽起來像那么回事，但我認為那是謊言。4)The police _ him _ having taken the money. 警察懷疑錢是他偷的。5)Two _ in connection with the case are now being interrogated. 與案件有關的兩名嫌疑犯正在接受審訊。6)His reason for being absent is _. 他缺席的

38、理由不足為信?！敬鸢浮?)suspect；of2)suspect (that)3)suspected it4)suspected；of5)suspects6)suspect(1)單項填空A young woman was found dead in her apartment and the police _ that it was a murder.Acharged BdoubtedCsuspected Dinformed【答案與解析】Csuspect 指擁有證據的“懷疑”。(2)名校押題(2010浙江紹興高三統考)The man _ of setting fire to a hotel w

39、as caught by the police.Abeing suspected BsuspectingCsuspected Dto be suspected【答案與解析】C此句中“suspected of setting fire to a hotel”為過去分詞短語作后置定語，相當于定語從句“who was suspected of setting fire to a hotel”。重點短語探究1frankly speaking 坦率地說frankly speaking “坦率地說”，相當于 to be frank with you，通常置于句首作狀語。generally speaking

40、總的說來；一般說來strictly speaking 嚴格地講honestly speaking 老實說；誠實說broadly speaking 廣義說來_ _， to watch Chinese play table tennis is really thrilling. 坦率地說吧，看中國人打乒乓球真是讓人激動?！敬鸢浮縁rankly speaking(1)完成句子1)_ _， we feel that the plan is practical.總的說來，我們認為這計劃是切實可行的。2)Every dictionary is, _ _， out of date within a mont

41、h of its publication. 嚴格地講，每一本字典，在它出版后的一個月就過時了?！敬鸢浮?)Generally speaking2)strictly speaking(2)名校押題(2010 安徽巢湖高三質量抽測)_， the more expensive the electrical appliances, the better their quality.AGeneral speaking BSpeaking generalCGenerally speaking DSpeaking generally【答案與解析】Cgenerally speaking “一般說來”，為固定短

42、語。 題意：一般說來，電器的價格越高，質量就越好。2. lay off 停止；中止；解雇；解聘；裁員；使下崗lay down 放下lay down one's life for one's country 為國捐軀lay the table 擺桌子(準備開飯) lay the blame on 責備；責怪lay stress / emphasis on 強調1)You had better _ _ alcohol for a while. 你最好在一段時間內不要飲酒。2)Why don't you _ _ smoking for a while until your c

43、ough gets better? 你為什么不等你的咳嗽好一些后再抽煙？3)The doctor told me to _ _ for a week. 醫生要我休息一個星期。4)The factory has _ _ workers because of the drop in sales. 那家工廠由于銷量下降而暫時解雇了工人?！敬鸢浮?)lay off2)lay off3)lay off4)laid off(1)翻譯句子擺好餐具準備吃飯好嗎？_【答案】Will you please lay the table for dinner?(2)名校押題(2011南京一模)Despite the

44、economic crisis, many companies promised not to _ their workers.Abreak off Bput off Cset off Dlay off 【答案與解析】D考查動詞短語辨析。 break off “折斷”； put off “推遲”； set off “出發”； lay off “解雇”。 題意：盡管發生了經濟危機，但許多公司許諾不解雇工人。 3. apart from 除之外；此外 apart from aside from 除之外；此外(相當于besides / except)1)_ _ their house in Lond

45、on，they also have a villa in Spain. 他們在倫敦有一座房子，此外，在西班牙還有一棟別墅。2)It was a difficult time._ _ everything else, we had financial problems. 當時是困難時期，別的一切都不說，我們財政上也有問題?！敬鸢浮?)Apart from2)Apart from(1)完成句子_ _ the cost, the dress doesn't suit me. 姑且不論價格，這件衣服也不適合我?！敬鸢浮緼part from(2)名校押題(2011淄博高三模擬)_ school

46、work, I like to spend my spare time in singing and fishing.AOr else BApart from CBut for DAs well【答案與解析】Bor else “否則”； apart from “除了”； but for “要不是”； as well “也”。題意：除了完成學校功課之外，空閑時我喜歡唱歌和釣魚。4. to a certain extent 在某種程度上to a certain extent to some extent 在一定程度上；在某種程度上to a great / large extent在很大程度上to

47、the extent of 達到的程度to that extent 達到那樣的程度To a large extent, the price depends on how large your order is. 在很大程度上，價格取決于您的訂單量。Violence increased to the extent that people were afraid to leave their homes. 暴力事件多到了令人們不敢出門的程度。_ _ _ _， to raise wages means increasing purchasing power. 在一定程度上，提高工資意味著增強購買力。

48、【答案】To a certain extent(1)完成句子I agree with you _ _ _ _， but we should know others' views. 我在一定程度上同意你的意見，但我們也應當了解別人的觀點?！敬鸢浮縯o a certain extent(2)名校押題(2011徐州四校聯考)What's your opinion on the popular song?_， it sounds sweet.AIn other words BDon't mention itCIt all depends DTo a certain extent

49、【答案與解析】D題意：在某種程度上，這首歌聽起來很甜美。 to a certain extent “在一定程度上”，符合題意。5. set off 出發；引起；激發set off 用作不及物動詞短語時，意為“開始旅行；出發”，相當于set out。另外，還可以用作及物動詞短語，意為“引爆；引起；激發”。1)She _ _ on a trip across Europe yesterday. 她昨天開始了橫跨歐洲的旅行。2)The bomb could be _ _ at any time. 炸彈隨時都可能被引爆?！敬鸢浮?)set off2)set off(1)完成句子Panic on the

50、 stock market _ _ a wave of selling. 股票市場上人心惶惶，掀起拋售浪潮。【答案】see off(2)名校押題(2011泉州高考)Do be careful; the slightest spark could_those fireworks.Agave off Bturned downCtook over Dset off【答案與解析】Dgive off “發出”； turn down “拒絕”； take over“接管”； set off “引爆”。此處意為“稍有火星就能引起煙火爆炸”。6be accustomed to 習慣于be accustomed to“習慣于”，其中的系動詞be也可換成 become或get，后面的to是介詞，后接名詞、代詞或ving作賓語。1)He quickly became _ _