1、volunteers The pictures tell us about v_ work.The pictures tell us that we should do some voluntary work.Its our social responsibility.That we should do some voluntary work.“ “It” refers to?It” refers to?Replace “it “! Replace “it “! That we should do some voluntary work is our social responsibility

2、. 賓語賓語賓語從句賓語從句 充當主語充當主語 subject主語從句主語從句Develop itDevelop itIts our social responsibility that we should do some voluntary work .形式主語形式主語 Our social responsibility is _ we should do some voluntary work.Our social responsibility _ we should do some voluntary work is necessary.thatthat表語從句表語從句 同位語從句同位語

3、從句 oluntary名詞性從句名詞性從句 Noun clause名詞性從句名詞性從句在功能上相當于名詞名詞性從句在功能上相當于名詞主語主語 His job is important.is important.表語表語This is his job.This is What he doeswhat he does every day辨別下列名詞性從句的類別：1.How the book will sell depends on its author.2.John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.3.The fact is tha

4、t he has not been seen recently.4.The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 5.He will talk to us about what he saw in U.S.6.It is impossible that I go and attend the meeting.主語從句主語從句賓語從句賓語從句表語從句表語從句同位語從句同位語從句賓語從句賓語從句主語從句主語從句 引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類： 連接詞：連

5、接詞：that, whether, if連接代詞：連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.連接副詞：連接副詞：when, where, how, why1。that只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔任任何成分，只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔任任何成分， 本身也沒有詞義，本身也沒有詞義，中可省略中可省略2。 引導主語從句、引導主語從句、和同位語從句和同位語從句,that不可省略。不可省略。1. That he will succeed is certain .2. Whether he will go there i

6、s not known .3. What he said is not true .4. Where he hid the money is to be found out .5. Whoever comes is welcome.Underline the subject 主語從句是在復合句中充當主語的從句，通常主語從句是在復合句中充當主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語itit代替，而本身代替，而本身放在句子末尾。放在句子末尾。 It 作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結構，主作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結構，主語從句的連接

7、詞沒有變化。例如：語從句的連接詞沒有變化。例如： It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. 1 That he will succeed is certain2 Whether he will go there is not known3 When they will start the project has not been decided yet1 It is certain that he will succeed2 It is no

8、t known whether he will go there3 It has not been decided yet when they will start the project改成改成it作形式主語結構作形式主語結構(1) It is 名詞名詞 從句從句 It is a fact that 事實是事實是 It is an honor that 非常榮幸非常榮幸 It is common knowledge that 是常識是常識(2) It is 形容詞形容詞 從句從句 It is natural that 很自然很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是奇怪的是(3)

9、 It 不及物動詞不及物動詞 從句從句 It occurs to sb that 某人突然想起某人突然想起 It seems that 似乎似乎 It happened that 碰巧碰巧 It appears that 似乎似乎(4) It is 過去分詞過去分詞 從句從句 It is reported that 據報道據報道 It has been proved that 已證實已證實 It is said that 據說據說 4. what 與與that 在引導主語從句時的區別在引導主語從句時的區別 what 引導主語從句時在句時在從句中充當句引導主語從句時在句時在從句中充當句子成分，如

10、主語賓語表語，而子成分，如主語賓語表語，而that 則不然。則不然。 1) What you said yesterday is right. 2) That she is still alive is a surprise. 3) What I want to know is this. 4) That he can take good care of himself is quite certain. 注意注意由由What引導的主語從句不能構成引導的主語從句不能構成It iswhat的句式。如的句式。如 It is right what he said. 賓語從句就是在復合句中作賓語的名詞

11、性從句，通常放賓語從句就是在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞在主句謂語動詞 (及物動詞及物動詞) 或介詞之后。或介詞之后。1. 作動詞的賓語作動詞的賓語 (1) 由由that引導的賓語從句引導的賓語從句(that 通常可以省略通常可以省略), 例如：例如： I heard that he joined the army. (2) 由由what, whether (if) 引導的賓語從句，例如：引導的賓語從句，例如： She did not know what had happened. I wonder whether you can change this note for

12、me. (3) 動詞間接賓語賓語從句。例如：動詞間接賓語賓語從句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.2. 作介詞的賓語，作介詞的賓語，例如：例如： Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate(合作）合作）with one another.3. 作形容詞的賓語，作形容詞的賓語，例如：例如： I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. I am sure (that) he will win the game.4. it 可以作為形式賓語

13、可以作為形式賓語 it 不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語的賓語that 從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復合賓語的句子從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復合賓語的句子中。中。 例如：例如： We thought it good news that the fog had finally gone.5. 否定的轉移否定的轉移 若主句謂語動詞為若主句謂語動詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞

14、轉移到主句從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。例如：謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。例如：_我認為這件衣我認為這件衣服不適合你穿。服不適合你穿。I dont think the dress fits you well 表語從句在復合句中作表語的名詞性從句，表語從句在復合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動放在系動詞之后詞之后，一般結構是，一般結構是“主語連系動詞表語從句主語連系動詞表語從句”。可。可以接表語從句的連系動詞有以接表語從句的連系動詞有be, look, remain, seem等。另等。另外，常用的還有外，常用的還有the reason is that ;I

15、t is because 和和This is why等結構。例如：等結構。例如：1) The question is _ we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is _ we cant get the support of the people.3) But the fact remains _ we are behind the other classes.4) The reason _ he is late for school is _ he missed the early bus. whether/howw

16、hythatwhythat1. 同位語從句的功能同位語從句的功能 同位語從句對于名詞進一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內容，一般由同位語從句對于名詞進一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內容，一般由that引導，前面名詞通常是引導，前面名詞通常是 decision order,fact,news,idea,opinion 例例如：如： 1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is g

17、iven by the general.2. 同位語在句子中的位置同位語在句子中的位置 同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如：的詞隔開。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 3. 同位語從句與定語從句的區別同位語從句與定語從句的區別(1) 定語從句中的定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時以在從句中既代替先行詞，同時以在從句中作作某個成分（主語或賓語）某個成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的，而同位語從句中的tha

18、t是連詞，是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當句中任何成分。不充當句中任何成分。(2) 定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，行詞加以限定，描述它的性質或特征描述它的性質或特征；同位語從句是名詞；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是性的，其功能是對名詞進行具體內容的補充說明對名詞進行具體內容的補充說明。例如：。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。）（他告訴我的消息是湯姆

19、明年將出國。）（第一（第一個個that引導的從句是定語從句，引導的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語）在從句中作賓語）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（湯（湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。）姆將出國的消息是他講的。）（同位語從句，（同位語從句，that在句中不作在句中不作任何成分）任何成分）（I）試比較下面兩個例句）試比較下面兩個例句: 1.The suggestion that he raised at the meeting is very good.2.The suggestion that the students s

20、hould have plenty of exercise is very good.（that引導定語從句引導定語從句, 作賓語作賓語, 可以省略）可以省略） （that引導同位語從句引導同位語從句,在從句中不擔在從句中不擔當任何成分，但不可以省略）當任何成分，但不可以省略） 辨別下列從句是定語從句還是同位語從句辨別下列從句是定語從句還是同位語從句1.We heard the news that our team had won.2.We must face the fact that we had spent all our money.3. The news that he told m

21、e yesterday was false.4. I have no doubt that he will come soon. 5. The fact is that we have spent all our money.同位語從句同位語從句同位語從句同位語從句定語從句定語從句同位語從同位語從句句表語從句表語從句翻譯以下句子，并指出帶下劃線的從句屬于名詞性從句中的哪一種。1.What he wants is a book.2.It is so nice that we can learn this grammar point together.3.Im so glad that I can

22、 make friends with you.4.This is why he did it.5.Do you agree to the suggestion that we (should) have a trip in Tibet?6.That he wants a book is certain.7.I suggested just now we (should) take part in this activity.8.Whether you like him or not doesnt matter too much.9.He doesnt know whether you can

23、sing it well.10.The problem is whether you can sing it well.11.The problem whether it is right or wrong has not been decided.12.Please tell me who your monitor is. 主語從句主語從句主語從句主語從句賓語從句賓語從句賓語從句賓語從句表語從句表語從句同位語從句同位語從句1. 主語從句主語從句Whether he will come is unknown. 2. 表語從句，如：表語從句，如：The question is whether y

24、ou should accept it.3. 同位語從句，如：同位語從句，如：The question whether hell attend the meeting is not decided.4. 從句作介詞的賓語從句作介詞的賓語，如：，如： Im not interested in whether theyll go or not.6. 直接跟不定式連用直接跟不定式連用，如：，如：She hasnt decided whether to go or not. It depends on whether or not we have got enough money. 5.有有or no

25、t 緊跟其后的緊跟其后的用if 或whether 填空1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.3. The question is _ this book is worth writing.4. It depends on _ we will have enough money.5. _ they can do it matters little to us.6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without you.wheth

26、er/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIf 何時開會還沒有決定何時開會還沒有決定。 When the meeting will begin _ (have) not been decided yet .他們何時出發和他們去哪里還沒有決定。他們何時出發和他們去哪里還沒有決定。單個的主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞單個的主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般一般用用_形式。如果是兩個或兩個以上的主語形式。如果是兩個或兩個以上的主語從句作主語，謂語動詞則用從句作主語，謂語動詞則用_形式。由形式。由兩個或多個連接詞引導一個主語從句，謂語兩個或多個連接詞引導一個主語從句，謂語動詞用動詞用_

27、形式。形式。 總結歸總結歸納：納：單數單數復數復數hasWhen they will start and where they will go_(have)still unknown.何時何地開會還沒有決定何時何地開會還沒有決定。When and where the meeting will begin _ (have) not been decided yet .havehas單數單數名詞性從句在句中要用名詞性從句在句中要用_語序語序, ,從句從句的引導詞必須始終置于的引導詞必須始終置于_ 1.No one can be sure _ in a million years. what wil

28、l man look likeB. what man will look likeC. man will look like what D. what look will man like陳述陳述總結歸總結歸納納：2.You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited 句首句首2. Our physics teach

29、er once told us that light _ （ travel ） faster than s總結總結歸納：歸納：3) )主句的動詞用主句的動詞用一般現在時一般現在時，從句謂語可根據需要選用從句謂語可根據需要選用各種各種時態時態1. He said that he will go to the station.(改錯）改錯）.3. Tom says that Mary _ (go) abroad last year and _ (be) there for nearly 5 months. 1 1）主句的動詞用）主句的動詞用過去過去時，時，從句謂語動詞用從句

30、謂語動詞用過去過去的某種時態的某種時態2 2）主句的動詞用主句的動詞用過去過去時，時，從句表示從句表示客觀事實，格言，諺語客觀事實，格言，諺語等等 ，從句謂從句謂語動詞語動詞用用一般現在時一般現在時wenthas beenwould I suggest that she ( shoul) do her work alone. The commander insisted that troops (should) set off at once. 但但suggest意為意為“表明，暗示表明，暗示”等時；等時；insist 為為“堅持主張，堅持主張，堅持認為堅持認為”等時，應用陳述語氣：等時，應用

31、陳述語氣： His expression sgguested that he disagreed with me. The doctor insisted the his treatment was right. 在賓語從句中，在賓語從句中，表建議，命令，堅持，要求表建議，命令，堅持，要求command, order, suggest, advise, insist, desire(請求）請求）, demand, beg, require, request，propose 等動詞如果后面加上賓等動詞如果后面加上賓語從句的話語從句的話, 從句謂語部分必須用（從句謂語部分必須用（should） d

32、o在主語從句中在主語從句中 it is+ necessary(important,natrural,strange,essentail,etc）+that it is +a pity(a shame, no wonder,etc)+thatit is+suggested(requested,proprosed,desired,ect)+that如：It is strange that she (should) think so 在同位語從句和表語從句中，名稱是表示在同位語從句和表語從句中，名稱是表示“建議，建議，請求，要求，命令請求，要求，命令”等的從句用虛擬語氣，如等的從句用虛擬語氣，如：H

33、is suggestion is that we (should )hold another meeting to discuss the question.His suggestion that we (should )hold another meeting to discuss the question is surpported by us.1.It is important that _ our education in all available ways. A. we must develop B. we shall develop C. we would develop D.

34、we should develop2.It is necessary that _ by the end of the week. A. we got everything ready B. we have got everything ready C. We get everything ready D. we must get everything ready 3.It was natural that _. A. my pictures would surprise them B. my pictures surprised them C. my pictures should surprise them D. my pictures would have surprised them4.I wonder _. A. whether or not Ill catch the last bus B. if or not Ill catch the last bus C. that Ill catch the last bus or not D. that Ill catch the la