1、Unit 9 About YourselfPart Getting ReadyExercise B. Keys：1. teeth, 24, 322. bones, 153,2063. heart, 98, 7.4. nose (meaning: not interfere in)5. foot (meaning: cause embarrassment by doing or saying sth. tactless)6. hand, hand(meaning: ask for help)7. ears (meaning: listen with care)8. Head (meaning:

2、completely)9. neck (meaning: deeply involved in)10. heart, heart (meaning: with the deepest devotion)Tapescript:1. A: Do you know how many teeth youve got?B: How many teeth? Ooh, ooh, 24? More? (Yes) 32?A: Yes.2. A: Do you know how many bones there are in your body? B: How many bones? I'll take

3、a guess. 153. A: 206.3. A: How often does your heart beat? B: 98 times a minute. A: No, 70 times a minute.4. Bob: Do you know what the boss thinks you should do, Billy? Billy: Just you keep your great nose out of this, Bob, will you? (Meaning: not interfere in) 5. Anne: Steven Kent, I never, never w

4、ant to see you in my life again. Steven: Oh no. Mary: You really have put your foot in it, haven't you? (Meaning: cause embarrassment by doing or saying sth. tactless) 6. Kate: Dave! Can you give me a hand, please? Dave: What? Kate: I said can you give me a hand. Dave: All right, I'm coming.

5、 No need to shout. (Meaning: ask for help) 7. Max: Are there any jobs going in your company then, for an intelligent, hard-working young man; like my son Julian? Frank: No, I haven't heard of any at all recently. Max: Well, could you keep your ears open, just in case? (Meaning: listen with care)

6、8. Carol: Have you heard about Maggie then? Norma: Maggie? Maggie Thatcher?Carol: No. Maggie Brown. She's in love again.Norma: Oh not again. Who with this time?Carol: With her boss. Head over heels in love with him, she is. (Meaning: completely)9. Nick: Have you ever lent any money to Mick? Jill

7、: Mick? Huh! I wouldn't lend him any if I were you. Nick: Why not? Doesn't he pay it back? Jill: No. Never. He's up to his neck in debts. (Meaning: deeply involved in)10. Liz: She's a very good doctor. Never looks at her watch. Never complains. Nothing's too much trouble for her.

8、 Pat: I know, yeah. Not many like her about. She's all heart, really. All heart.(Meaning: with the deepest devotion)Part Exercise A. Keys:4 3 5 2 4 1 3 4 4 1Tapescript:Our body is made up of thousands of different parts. All these parts work together to keep us alive and to help us move around.

9、The parts of the human body are like the parts of a very complicated machine. Like any other machine, however, if it is inexpertly cared for, over-taxed or insufficiently used, it will become rusty, sluggish or clogged and parts of its mechanism may even grind to a halt. That is why it is so importa

10、nt to keep every part of the human machine healthy and properly cared. To keep in good running order, the body requires the raw materials for growth and the replacement of tissues when necessary. Our bodies bum food like fuel to produce the energy we need.The human digestive system is a bit like a v

11、ery long tube, but it's a lot more complex. It's several meters long, and most of it is carefully coiled up in our abdomen. It has several important jobs to do. First, it must digest or break down our food. Digestion starts the moment food enters our mouth. Then it continues as the food is s

12、queezed along the gut by muscles in the wall of the intestine. As the food travels through the gut, natural chemicals called enzymes are added to it, which help break down the food. Then this digested food and water must be absorbed from the gut into our blood stream so that it can be used by the bo

13、dy. Finally, the gut must carry away any waste products in the form of feces. Usually our intestine does all these things very efficiently. But sometimes things can go wrong. Probably the most common gut symptoms are diarrhea and constipation. With diarrhea, the food and water travels too quickly th

14、rough the intestine, often making the feces watery, and making it necessary to open the bowels more frequently.There are lots of causes of diarrhea. Probably the commonest causes of diarrhea are contaminated food or water, and infection caused by viruses or parasites.Many cases of diarrhea clear up

15、within a few days without any special medicines. But the body loses a lot of fluid through diarrhea, so there is a very real risk of the body drying out or becoming dehydrated. Because of this risk of dehydration, the best treatment for diarrhea is simply to make sure you are dinking enough. Avoidin

16、g dehydration in this way can be a life saver. Exercise B. Keys:Causes of diarrhea: food poisoning, themselves, the gut,get very nervous, stressed about something diarrheaTreatment of diarrhea: serious, clear up, one or two days, drink lots of fluid, eat too much, salt and sugar, specially mixed, su

17、gar and a pinch of saltTapescript: There are lots of different causes of diarrhea. Um, there are infections that can happen, and this is food poisoning, if you like, where in your food you eat some sort of bacteria or organisms, which infect you. Some foods can just irritate the gut and tend to give

18、 you diarrhea, although they are not infected. It's just the food itself (that) might irritate your system. Some people, if they get very nervous and stressed about something, find they tend to get diarrhea. Something called the irritable bowel syndrome where something goes wrong with the way th

19、e gut works. And people that suffer from this tend to get, um, tummy pains, and they get sometimes diarrhea, sometimes constipation. All sorts of causes. Most attacks of diarrhea, urn, particularly in adults, are not serious and they clear up by themselves within one or two days. The most important

20、thing is to drink lots of fluid, because if you have got diarrhea, you're obviously losing a lot of fluid. And so it's better really not to eat too much, not to worry about that, but o make sure you drink plenty of fluid. And ideally, this should have a little bit of salt and sugar in. You c

21、an get special dehydrating fluids, which are specially mixed. But if you want to make your own by adding just a teaspoonful of sugar and a pinch of salt, then it's obviously perfectly reasonable to do that.Part ImmunityExercise B.Keys:1. Because there are some things which were not naturally imm

22、une to.2. A version of an illness is given to the body, and the body thinks that its actually being infected with that infection. The next time it sees it, the body can respond very quickly.3. No. We cant produce a vaccine for AIDS, for instance.4. The HIV virus, which causes AIDS, attacks the human

23、 immune system. And the virus itself can change very easily. Its very difficult to find a vaccine which can recognize all types of HIV.Tapescript:The human body is constantly under attack from invading germs and infections. And the only reason we don't suffer from constant illness is our bodies

24、have their own defense mechanism to fight off disease. This resistance to infection is called immunity.A: How does immunity work?B: Well, the immune system is the body's own secret army, which fights infection. And it consists of a whole range of troops, soldiers, their cells and their molecules

25、. Now the headquarters of this army is really the blood. That's where it does most of its fighting. And sometimes it needs some reserve, and that comes from the bone marrow. That's where the immune cells are made.A: So there are many different kinds of cells, different kinds of molecules in

26、the immune system. I guessed the ones that we're probably more familiar with are white blood cells.B: That's right. White blood cells form a major part of the body's defense. But there are also antibodies in their life, more proteins. They just lash onto the invaders. The white cells can

27、 sometimes actually gobble up invaders. The clever thing is that once the infection has attacked our body, the immune system seems to have a memory of the invader, so that the next time it sees the invader it can attack very quickly.A: There are some things which we're not naturally immune to an

28、d that's where vaccination comes in, isn't it?B: Exactly. Vaccination plays on the body's ability to remember infection. So what happens is that someone is given a version of an illness, for instance, measles or polio, or tuberculosis, and the body thinks that it is actually being infect

29、ed with that infection. And the next time it sees it, the body can respond very quickly. All the troops of its immune system can come into play.A: Now sometimes the immune system doesn't work very well, does it?B: No. It's a remarkably complex system. And sometimes it can go wrong. Either it

30、 can be overactive, so it actually starts to attack our own body self, or it can be underachieve sometimes, and we are more likely to be infected in that situation.A: Are there any important illnesses, which result from the immune system so that it's turning on our bodies themselves?B: There are

31、. One example would be a disease like multiple-sclerosis, where the body's own immune system attacks the lining of nerves, which means that people's nerves don't work properly.A: We're able to assist the body in its fight against the illness in many cases, but there are some diseases

32、 which we don't seem to be able to produce a vaccine for. AIDS is one of them. Why not?B: The problem is AIDS, which is caused by the HIV virus, attacks the human immune system, which means that our normal defenses aren't there to fight off that infection. The other problem with trying to pr

33、oduce a vaccine against HIV or AIDS is that the virus, HIV, can change itself so easily. That's very difficult to find a vaccine, which can recognize all the different types of HIV. So one vaccine may be effective against one type of the virus but it may absolutely be no good for another type.Ex

34、ercise C.Keys:headquarters bloodGobbling up invadersHaving a memory of invadersUnderactive more likely to be infectedthe immune system: 2 3vaccination: 5HIV: 1 4 6Tapescript:Presenter: The human body is constantly under attack from invading germs and infections. And the only reason we don't suff

35、er from constant illness is our bodies have their own defense mechanism to fight off disease. This resistance to infection is called immunity. And here with me to discuss how it works is Grime Easton. He is a family doctor, and a member of the Science In It here in the BBC World Service. Grime, how

36、does immunity work?Grime: Well, the immune system is the body's own secret army, if you like, which fights infection. And it consists of a whole range of troops, soldiers, their cells and their molecules. Um, now the headquarters of this army is really the blood. That's where it does most of

37、 the fighting. And sometimes it needs some reserve, some backup, and that comes from the bone marrow. That's where the immune cells' factories are,Presenter: So there are many different kinds of cells, and different kinds of molecules tied up in the immune system. I guessed the ones that we&

38、#39;re probably more familiar with are white blood cells.Grime: That's right. White blood cells form a major part of the body's defense. But there are also antibodies in their life, more proteins, which just lash onto the invaders. Um, but, as you say, the white cells can sometimes actually

39、gobble up invaders. So the clever thing is that once the infection has attacked our body, the immune system seems to have a memory of the invader, so that the next time it sees the invader it can attack very quickly.The immune system in the human body fights invading disease. Immunity occurs because

40、 the immune system can remember the chemical makeup of invading germs and attack them very quickly.Presenter: There are some things which we're not naturally immune to and that's where vaccination comes in, isn't it?Grime: Exactly. Vaccination plays on the body's ability to remember

41、infection. So what happens is that someone is given a version of an illness, for instance, measles or polio, or tuberculosis, and the body thinks that it is actually being infected with that infection. And the next time it sees it, urn, the body can respond very quickly. And all the troops of its im

42、mune system can come into play.Vaccination can be used to protect the body against specific infections.Presenter: Now sometimes the immune system doesn't work very well, does it?Grime: No. It's a remarkably complex system. It's a very complicated system. And sometimes it can go wrong. Ei

43、ther it can be overactive, so it actually starts to attack our own body self, or it can be under active sometimes, and we are more likely to be infected in that situation.Presenter: Are there any important illnesses, which result from the immune system so that it's turning on our bodies themselv

44、es?Grime: There are. And one example would be a disease like multiple-sclerosis, where the body's own immune system, we think, attacks the lining of nerves, which means that people's nerves don't work properly. Presenter: We're able to assist the body in its fight against the illness

45、 in many cases, but there are some diseases which we don't seem to be able to produce a vaccine for. Um, AIDS is one of them. Why not?Grime: Well, the problem is AIDS, which is caused by the HIV virus, is that HIV itself attacks the human immune system, which means that our normal defenses aren&

46、#39;t there to fight off that infection, or indeed many other sorts of infection. The other problem with trying to produce a vaccine against HIV or AIDS is that the virus, HIV, can change itself so easily. Urn, that's very difficult to find a vaccine which can recognize all the different types o

47、f HIV, which there are. So one vaccine may be effective against one type of the virus but it may absolutely be no good for another type.HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. HIV destroys the body's immune system, and puts the body at greater risk from other common infections.Presenter: I was talkin

48、g to Dr. Grime Easton of the Science In It about immunity. The reason why he, I, and I hope you, are able to remain as healthy as we are.Part The Circulatory SystemKeys:parts, waste, body, needed, heart, defense, cells, invaderstwo, lungs, blood, back, arterieswalls, cell, heart, oxygen, blood, dige

49、stive, liver, heartPartHairKeys:Callers name: Jim BaillieProblem: losing hairCallers doctors opinion: nothing he can do about it; hereditarySolution: not a lot he can do about it; try to acceptAdvice: dont comb it over; dont wear any false hairpiece thingsTapescript:Radio presenter: All right. Thank you for that call, Rosemary. We now go, I think, to Glasgow and our next caller, er, Jim Bail lie. Hello Jim.Jim: Hello?Radio presente