1、 Unit 2English around the worldLearning about language1 Match the words and expressions.1. petrol 2. voyage3. gradually4. frequently5. identity6. the latter7. actually8. fluentA. who or what somebody or something isB. a word for gas in British EnglishC. not sudden D. in fact E. the second of two thi

2、ngs or people already mentionedF. oftenG. long trip by sea or in spaceH. able to speak or write a language wellDiscovering useful words and expressionsIt is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as _ as a _ English speaker. One reason is that English has a large _. It also has different usa

3、ge in different English speaking countries. nativevocabularyfluently Complete this passage with the words from the Warming up and Reading. If you use “flat” instead of “_”, people in America will know you have learned British English. If you use the word _ instead of “lift” in Britain, people will k

4、now you have studied American English.apartmentelevator“Will you _ to my flat?” asked the spider to the fly. “_ its so pleasant to look down from so high. _ the clear sky its possible to see Buildings _ theatres and hotels Add these phrases to the rhyme so that it makes sense. such as make use of be

5、cause of come up at present come up At present Because ofsuch as by the sea. So wont you please _ this chance to look?” The fly agreed immediately without a second thought. But as soon as she went up with a step so light that day, The spider caught and ate her and she was never seen again! Then read

6、 the rhyme aloud and mark the sense groups. make use of 1. There are so many people _ the street. 2. They are going to have a party _ the weekend. 4 Sometimes British and American people use different prepositions for the same idea. Choose a pair of prepositions. Then compare them. at / on past / af

7、ter in / on from / thanin/onat/on3. We will leave for the airport at a quarter _ five. 4. His brother is _ the most famous football team in England. 5. As we know, British English is a little different _ American English. past/afterin/onfrom/than6. Are there many children playing _ the playground? D

8、o you know which usage is British English and which is American? Discuss in pairs and then in class. in/onAnswerBritishAmerica1. in/on2. at/on3. past/after4. in/on5. from/than6. in/oninatonafterfrompastthanoninoninonGrammarDirect and Indirect SpeechRequests and Commands 1. He said: “Ive left my pen

9、in my room.” He told me that he had left his pen in his room.She said that he would be busy.2. She said: “He will be busy.” 復習復習 (把下列直接引語改為間接引語把下列直接引語改為間接引語)She asked Tom if/whether he could help her.3. She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”1. 陳述句的間接引語陳述句的間接引語連接詞用連接詞用that, 在在口語中可省略。引述動詞用口語中可省略。引述動詞用sai

10、d, told,等。等。例如：例如： He said: “Ive left my book in my room.” He told me that he had left his book in his room. 復習規律復習規律2. 疑問句的間接引語。一般疑問句后連接疑問句的間接引語。一般疑問句后連接 詞用詞用if 或或whether, 而引述選擇疑問句時而引述選擇疑問句時 只能用只能用whether, 引述動詞用引述動詞用asked, 沒有沒有 間接引語的可以加一個間接賓語間接引語的可以加一個間接賓語me, him等。如：等。如： She said to Tom, “Can you h

11、elp me?” She asked Tom if /whether he could help her. 3. 特殊疑問句用原句中的疑問詞作連接特殊疑問句用原句中的疑問詞作連接 詞詞, 改為陳述語序。例如：改為陳述語序。例如： The teacher asked me how I had repaired it. The teacher asked, “How did you repair it?”4. 如何變時態：如何變時態： 直接引語直接引語 間接引語間接引語一般一般現在時現在時一般將來時一般將來時現在進行時現在進行時一般過去時一般過去時現在完成時現在完成時過去完成時過去完成時一般過去時

12、一般過去時過去將來時過去將來時過去進行時過去進行時過去完成時過去完成時過去完成時過去完成時過去完成時過去完成時如：如：1) She said. “I have lost a pen.” She said she had lost a pen.2) She said. “We hope so.” She said they hoped so.3) She said. “He will go to see his friend.” She said he would go to see his friend.1)直接引語是客觀真理。直接引語是客觀真理。“The earth moves around

13、 the sun and the moon moves around the earth”, the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語變為間接引語時引語變為間接引語時, 時態一般不變化。時態一般不變化。2)直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語某日作狀語, 變為間接引語時變為間接引語時, 時態不變。時態不變。Xia

14、o Wang said. “I was born on April 2l, 1980.” Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.3)直接引語中被引述的部分是反復出現的直接引語中被引述的部分是反復出現的,習慣性的動作或說話時情況仍然存在的習慣性的動作或說話時情況仍然存在的,變間接引語時變間接引語時, 時態保持不變。時態保持不變。 The boy said to us, “I usually get up at six every day.” The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.

15、 4) 若直接引語中含有若直接引語中含有when, since, while等引導的表示過去的時間狀語從句等引導的表示過去的時間狀語從句,變間接引語時變間接引語時, 從句時態不變。如：從句時態不變。如： She said, “I went there when I was six years old.” She said she had gone there when she was six years old. 5) 若直接引語的謂語中含有若直接引語的謂語中含有would, should, might, must, used to, ought to, had better 等動詞時。等動詞

16、時。 如：如： She said, “We should help each other.” She said we should help each other. 5. 如何變狀語：如何變狀語：直接引語變間接引語直接引語變間接引語, 狀語變化有其內在狀語變化有其內在規律規律, 時間狀語時間狀語由由“現在現在”改為改為“原來原來”例例: now變為變為then, yesterday變為變為 the day before, today變為變為that day。地點狀語地點狀語, 尤其表示方向性的尤其表示方向性的, 或用指示或用指示代詞修飾的狀語代詞修飾的狀語, 由由“此此”改為改為“彼彼”。如。

17、如:He said, “These books are mine. ”He said those books were his.指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語的變化指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語的變化: this that; these those; now then;yesterday the day before; today that day; tomorrow the next day; next week (month, year) the next week (month, year); ago before; here there1. Could I use your bathroo

18、m?request2. Put your coat in the mand3. Speak quietly on the phone, please.requestRequests or Commands?4. Will you help me with my homework this afternoon?request5. Could you meet me at four?request6. Take your shoes off before you enter the mand7. Go to bed right now. 8. Could you help me with my E

19、nglish please? 9. Open the door at once. 10. Would you please give me that book? requestcommandcommandrequestDirect speechRequests: Do ., please. Can you.? Could you .? Will you .? Would you . ? Commands: Do. Dont .Indirect speech Requests: A asked B to do sth. A asked B not to do sth.Commands: A to

20、ld/ordered B to do sth. A told/ordered B not to do sth.祈使句的間接引語祈使句的間接引語采用采用“動詞動詞+賓語賓語+不定式不定式”結構。結構。 told/asked/ordered sb. (not) to do sth.祈使句的直接引語和間接引語祈使句的直接引語和間接引語如果祈使句是表示如果祈使句是表示請求請求, 間接引語的間接引語的動詞常用動詞常用ask; 如果是表示如果是表示命令命令, 間接間接引語的動詞常用引語的動詞常用tell, order, command等。等。直接引語直接引語 (變化前變化前)間接引語間接引語(變化后變化后

21、)祈使句祈使句The officer said to him, “Dont leave your post.”不定式不定式The officer ordered him not to leave his post.直接引語直接引語 (變化前變化前)間接引語間接引語 (變化后變化后) Lets 開頭的祈使開頭的祈使句句 I said to him, “Lets start at once.”that 引導的賓語從句引導的賓語從句I suggested to him that we (should) start at once.He said, “Lets go to the film.”He s

22、uggested going to the film.或或 He suggested that they should go to see the film.直接引語如果是以直接引語如果是以“Lets”開頭的祈使句開頭的祈使句, 變為間接引語時變為間接引語時, 通常用通常用 “suggest +動名詞動名詞(或從句或從句)”。如。如: 直接引語直接引語 (變化前變化前)間接引語間接引語(變化后變化后)感嘆句感嘆句He said: “How happy I am!”that/what/how引導引導的賓語從句的賓語從句He said that he was very happy.He said

23、how happy he was.感嘆句感嘆句 直引直引: 主語主語+動詞動詞+“感嘆句感嘆句” 間引間引: 主語主語+動詞動詞+陳述句陳述句e.g. He said, “What a fine day it is!” He said, “How fine the day is!” He said what a fine day it was. He said how fine the day was. He exclaimed that it was a fine day.Keys to the Exercises 3 on page 12 RequestThe children asked

24、 their teacher to sing a song for them.2. CommandThe mother ordered her child to turn off the radio.3. Request The dentist asked a patient to open his mouth, so he could see the bad tooth clearly.4. Request The secretary asked the woman on the phone to hold on for a minute.5. Request John asked his

25、classmate if /weather he could borrow his pen.6. Command The teacher ordered his student to come up to his office.4. Make some dialogues using commands and requests and retell them in indirect speech. A bear is moving towards a boy. What do you say to the boy to make sure that he is not hurt?2. An E

26、nglish teacher is telling her students what they must do for homework. A student cannot hear the teacher very clearly. What should he say to his classmate to find out what to do? Think of more situations for your conversations.SampleSituation1: Tom : Take care! A bear is moving towards you. Boy : Oh

27、, who can help me?Tom : Stay calm and dont move. Boy : Tom told the boy to take care, for a bear is moving towards the boy. The boy asked who could help him. Tom told the boy to stay calm and not to move. He said, “My sister was here for three days.” He said that _ sister _ _ _ _ three days.2. She s

28、aid, “Ill go there tomorrow.” She said that _ _ go there _.hishad beenthere forshe wouldthe next day練一練練一練3. She said, “Did you see him last night?” She _ me _ him _.4. “When did you go to bed last night?” Father said to Peter. Father _ Peter _ _ the night _.askedif/whether I had seenthe night befor

29、easkedwhen he went tobeforebed5. The host said to us, “Please come to see us again if you have time.” _ _.6. The teacher said to me, “Write a letter to your parents.” _ _The host asked us to go to see them again if we had timeThe teacher told me to write a letter to my parents. “Could you pass me th

30、e salt?” Mary said to me. Mary asked me to pass her the salt. 2. “Show me your license, please.” the policeman said to the driver. The policeman told the driver to show him the license.把直接引語轉換為間接引語。把直接引語轉換為間接引語。3. The teacher said to me, “Can you pass on the book to Tom?”4. Mother said to Li Ming, “

31、Stop playing computer games!” Mother ordered Li Ming to stop playing computer games. The teacher asked me to pass on the book to Tom.5. The teacher said to the students, “Dont waste your time.” The mother asked Tom to get up early.6. The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.” The teacher told the

32、 students not to waste their time. The landlady asked him to put his coat in the closet.“Will you please put your coat in the closet?” said the landlady.把間接引語轉換為直接引語。把間接引語轉換為直接引語。 The landlady asked him not to put his coat on the bed.“Will you please not put your coat on the bed?” asked the landlady

33、.2. The young father told his children to stand still.“Stand still,” the young father said to his children.The young father told his children not to move. “Dont move,” the young father said to his children.3. Mother told me to lock the door after midnight. “Lock the door after midnight,” said Mother

34、.Mother told me not to leave the door open after midnight.“Dont leave the door open after midnight,” said Mother.1. “Please close the window,” he said to me. He _ me _ the window.A. said to; to close B. told to; closingC. asked; to close D. said to; please closeChoose the best answer.C 2. He said, “

35、Dont do that again.” He _ me _ that again. A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; dont do C. told me; dont do D. told me; not to doD 3. “Dont put it on my hat.”his wife said to him. His wife told him _ put it on _hat. A. dont, his B. dont, her C. not to, his D. not to, herD 4. Rose asked Tom, “Did

36、you see my purse?” Rose asked Tom _. A. whether that he had seen her purse B. whether he had seen her purse C. that whether he had seen her purse D. that if he has seen her purseB 5. He asked me _ with me. A. what the matter is B. what the mater was C. whats the matter D. what was the matterC 解析解析:

37、如果直接引語是如果直接引語是“Whats the matter?” “Whats wrong?” “Whats the trouble?”, 變間接引語時語序不變。變間接引語時語序不變。6. He asked, “Are you a Party member or a League member?” He asked me _.A. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League memberC. if I was a Party member or a League memberD. whe

38、ther was I a Party member or a League member C 解析解析: 選擇疑問句要變成選擇疑問句要變成whether或或if引導的賓語從句。引導的賓語從句。 7. “Youve already got well, havent you?” she asked. She asked _. A. if I have already got well, hadnt you B. whether I had already got well C. have I already got well D. had I already got well.解析解析: 反意疑問句要變成反意疑問句要變成whether或或 if引導的賓語從句。引導的賓語從句。B 8. He asked _ for the computer. did I pay how much B. I paid how muchC. how much did I pay D. how much I paidD 9. To