1、昆明冶金高等專科學校畢業(yè)論文題 目: 鋼鐵廠原水處理工藝學 院: 環(huán) 境 工 程 學 院專 業(yè): 給排水工程技術(shù)學 生 姓 名: 孔 得 信學 號: 0800002521指 導 老 師: 武 彥 生 完 成 時 間: 2011年6月 目錄1、摘要2、前言3、概述4、工藝流程5、工藝選址6、工藝系統(tǒng)分析比較7、v型濾池8、v型濾池優(yōu)缺點9、澄清池工作原理10、機械加速澄清池運行效果分析11、機械加速澄清池運行參數(shù)的調(diào)整12、出水濁度超標原因分析及采用措施13、機械加速澄清池的設(shè)計計算14、結(jié)束語 摘要 隨著我國人口的增加，經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展和城市化進程的加快，我國水資源形勢將更為嚴峻，以水資源緊張、水污

2、染嚴重和洪澇災害為特征的水危機已經(jīng)成為我國可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要制約因素，成為實現(xiàn)新時期經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展目標具有基礎(chǔ)性、全局性和戰(zhàn)略性的重大問題。然而，我國在工業(yè)方面我國煉鋼等生產(chǎn)過程的單位耗水量比國外先進水平高幾倍甚至幾十倍，水的重復利用不到發(fā)達國家的1/3。 先進的工藝流程，能生產(chǎn)出高質(zhì)量的水，還需要整個廠區(qū)有一個整潔優(yōu)美的環(huán)境和賞心悅目的建筑形態(tài)。這就必須對給水工程的原有設(shè)計方法和程序思路有一個較大的改變，應把設(shè)計的全過程看成是一個持續(xù)發(fā)展的、不斷開放的、經(jīng)常變化的動態(tài)體系，以確保設(shè)計出一個優(yōu)秀工程來。 前言 通過實行清潔生產(chǎn)戰(zhàn)略，改變生產(chǎn)工藝或采用節(jié)水以至不用水生產(chǎn)工藝，以及合理進行工業(yè)或生產(chǎn)布

3、局，以減少工業(yè)生產(chǎn)對水的需求，提高水的利用效率，此即所謂的生產(chǎn)工藝節(jié)水。可以想象，工藝節(jié)水涉及工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的原料路線與政策，涉及生產(chǎn)工藝方法、流程與生產(chǎn)設(shè)備，涉及工業(yè)與產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)、生產(chǎn)規(guī)模、生產(chǎn)組織以至工業(yè)生產(chǎn)布局等。總之，它幾乎深入地涉及工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的各個方面；因此工藝節(jié)水是更為復雜、更加長遠的任務，是工業(yè)節(jié)水的根本途徑。 其次，對于鋼鐵行業(yè)來講，原水水質(zhì)的指標從某種程度上講直接影響整個煉鋼的生產(chǎn)過程，原水水質(zhì)的好壞影響鍋爐的正常運行，鍋爐冷卻循環(huán)水的損失，直接由原水供水系統(tǒng)補充，原水供水系統(tǒng)中的雜質(zhì)和膠體的含量決定了鍋爐的結(jié)垢、腐蝕和積鹽。原水系統(tǒng)還決定了軟水系統(tǒng)和除鹽水系統(tǒng)的運行成本和效率，除鹽水

4、直接影響整個發(fā)電工藝的正常運行。因此原水處理工藝在工業(yè)給水系統(tǒng)中是很重要的。一、概述 云南德勝鋼鐵有限公司總體發(fā)展規(guī)劃要求，在現(xiàn)有鋼廠附近區(qū)域新建主要生產(chǎn)棒。型材鋼鐵項目。作為配套公輔設(shè)施，對高位水池內(nèi)不能滿足遠水處理工藝要求的現(xiàn)有設(shè)施進行改造，施工。處理能力為5萬T/d。二、工藝流程 配水井管道混合器機械加速澄清池V型濾池濾后水提升泵吸水調(diào)節(jié)池高位水池主管道工業(yè)用戶工藝流程三、工藝選址原水處理廠水源來源于距工業(yè)廠區(qū)10公里的石門水庫東河水庫，用DN700焊接鋼管接入原原水處理廠，其高程為1616.5，工業(yè)廠區(qū)標高在1585.5新工藝建設(shè)位于原原水處理廠旁，處理水為原有水源。四、工藝系統(tǒng)分析比

5、較（一）澄清池與沉淀池1、混凝機理混凝就是水中膠體粒子以及微小懸浮物的聚集過程（簡而言之，混凝過程就是通過加入藥劑把水中的膠體使之粘合在一起，增加其自生的重量，在停留時間有限的水處理構(gòu)筑物內(nèi)沉降下來，如機械加速澄清池是將混凝，反應和澄清的過程建在同一個構(gòu)筑物內(nèi)的構(gòu)筑物）2、混凝過程（1）中和作用 （2）吸附作用 （3）表面接觸作用（4）過濾作用3、澄清池工作原理采用混凝沉淀法去除水中懸浮顆粒的工藝包括水和藥劑的混合,反應以及絮凝體與水的分離三個階段,澄清池是將這三個過程集于一個構(gòu)筑物中完成的一種非凡形式的設(shè)施。4、機械加速澄清池（1）概述機械加速澄清池屬于泥渣循環(huán)分離型,它是借助機械抽升作用,

6、使泥渣在垂直方向不斷循環(huán),捕捉原水中形成的絮凝體,并在分離區(qū)加以分離;其特點是充分利用已形成泥渣的活性,增加碰撞機會,強化碰撞幾率,提高處理設(shè)備的功能。（2）機械加速澄清池的優(yōu)缺點1）優(yōu)點對水量、水中的離子濃度變化的適應性強處理效果穩(wěn)定處理效率高2）缺點耗能大腐蝕嚴重，維修困難4、平流式沉淀池（1）概述 平流式沉淀池是沉淀池的一種類型。池體平面為矩形，進口和出口分設(shè)在池長的兩端。池的長寬比不小于4，有效水深一般不超過3m，池子的前部的污泥設(shè)計。（2）平流式沉淀池優(yōu)點：1）處理水量大小不限，沉淀效果好。2）對水量和溫度變化的適應能力強。3）平面布置緊湊，施工方便，造價低。（3）平流式沉淀池缺點：

7、1）進、出水配水不易均勻。2）多斗排泥時，每個斗均需設(shè)置排泥管（閥），手動操作，工作繁雜。 3）采用機械刮泥時容易銹蝕。（4）平流式沉淀池適用范圍：1）適用于地下水位高、地質(zhì)條件較差的地區(qū)，2）大、中、小型污水處理工程均可采用，（5）平流式沉淀池設(shè)計要點：1）混凝沉淀時，出水濁度宜10mg/L,特殊情況15mg/L；2）池數(shù)或分隔數(shù)一般不少于2；3）沉淀時間一般為1.03.0h，當處理低溫低濁水或高濁度水時可適當延長；4）沉淀池內(nèi)平均水平流速一般為1025mm/s；5）有效水深一般為3.03.5m,超高為0.30.5m；6）池的長寬比應4，每隔寬度或?qū)Я鲏﹂g距一般采用38m，最大為15m，當采

8、用虹吸式或泵吸式行車機械排泥時，池子分格寬度還應結(jié)合桁架的寬度（8、10、12、14、16、18、20m）；7）池長深比應10；8）進水區(qū)采用穿孔花墻配水時，穿孔墻距進水墻池壁的距離應12m，同時在沉淀面以上0.30.5m 處至池底部分的墻不設(shè)孔眼；9）采用穿孔墻配水或溢流堰集水，溢流率可采用500 m3/(m•d)；10）池泄空時間一般6h；11）雷諾數(shù)一般為400015000，弗勞德數(shù)一般為1×10-4 1×10-5。根據(jù)鋼鐵廠對水量水質(zhì)的要求，我們選定比較穩(wěn)定的機械加速澄清池。5、機械加速澄清池容積為1573m3，單池處理能力為1000m3/h1、

9、 設(shè)計進水量按公稱水量加15自用水量計，其中5為濾池沖洗水量，10為濾池的最大排泥耗水量。2、 上升流速1mm/m3、 停留時間1.5h4、 一二反應室停留時間合計30分鐘左右5、 進水管流速0.8到1.6m/s6、 三角槽進水流速0.5到1.0m/s7、 提升流量5倍出近水流量8、 二反應上升流速40到60豪m(xù)/m9、 沉渣回流流速150到200mm/s10、 穿孔集水槽計算流量應考慮流量增加的余地，超載系數(shù)一般取1.2到1.511、 穿孔集水槽計算方法如下：a、 孔口總面積f=BQ/uf 孔口總面積B 超載系數(shù)2、虹吸濾池（1）概述虹吸濾池，以虹吸管代替進水和排水閥門的快濾池形式之一。濾池

10、各格出水互相連通，反沖洗水由其他濾水補給。每個濾格均在等濾速變水位條件下運行。（2）構(gòu)造 虹吸濾池構(gòu)造示意圖（3）配水系統(tǒng)虹吸濾池的沖洗水頭，僅1.11.3米左右，它的配水系統(tǒng)只能采用小阻力配水系統(tǒng)。小阻力配水系統(tǒng)采用較多的有雙層孔板，孔板網(wǎng)、三角槽孔板、穿孔濾磚和縫隙式濾頭等。（4）真空虹吸系統(tǒng)真空虹吸系統(tǒng)是虹吸濾池的重要組成部分，系由真空泵、真空罐、管路(包括控制閥門)和進水、沖洗虹吸管等組成。（5）優(yōu)點不需要大型的閘閥及相應的電動或水力等控制設(shè)備，可以利用濾池本身的出水量、水頭進行沖洗，不需要設(shè)置洗水塔或水泵；可以在一定范圍內(nèi)，根據(jù)來水量的變化自動均衡地調(diào)節(jié)各單元濾池的濾速，不需要濾速控

11、制裝置；濾過水位永遠高于濾層，可保持正水頭過濾，不至于發(fā)生負水頭現(xiàn)象；設(shè)備簡單，管廊面積小，控制閘閥和管路可集中在濾池中央的真空罐周圍，操作管理方便，易于自動化控制，減少生產(chǎn)管理人員，降低運轉(zhuǎn)費用；在投資上與同樣生產(chǎn)能力的普通快濾池相比能降低造價2030，且節(jié)約金屬材料3040。 （6）缺點與普通快濾池相比，池深較大(56米)；采用小阻力配水系統(tǒng)單元濾池的面積不宜過大，因沖洗水頭受池深的限制，最大在1.3米左右，沒有富余的水頭調(diào)節(jié)，有時沖洗效果不理想。 （7）適用條件虹吸濾池適用于中小型給水處理(一般在4000噸/日5000噸/日)，有較突出的優(yōu)點。如水量小于4000噸/日，則采用重力式無閥濾

12、池。二、要注意的幾個因素 1、工藝流程的要求 2、總體規(guī)劃的要求 3、傳統(tǒng)觀念的改革 4、防止專業(yè)之間的各行其是 5、建筑設(shè)計的重要性不可忽視 主要參考書目給水工程（第3版）北京·············中國建筑工業(yè)出版社1995水處理理論基礎(chǔ) 成都············西南交通大學出版社 論水的混凝 北京···&#

13、183;········中國建筑工業(yè)出版社給水凈化新工藝 北京············中國建筑工業(yè)出版社混凝技術(shù) 北京············中國環(huán)境科學出版社 KunMing Metallurgy College Graduation ThesisOrders:The Trea

14、tment Technology of Steel Raw WaterLearn court: The Environment CollegeAD industry: water supply and drainage engineering technologyStudents name:Kong DexinLearn number: 0800002521Refers to guide the old teacher: Mr.Wu When the into between June, 2011 Content1, the directory2, the introduction3, sum

15、marizes4, process flow5, process location6, process system analysis and comparison7, v type filter8, v type filter advantages and disadvantages9, clarification tank working principle10, mechanical accelerated clarifier running effect analysis11, mechanical accelerated clarifier operation parameters

16、adjustment12, water turbidity overweight cause analysis and using measures13, mechanical design and calculation of the accelerated clarifier14, concluding remarks The SummaryAlong with the increase of population of our country , the development of economy and the acceleration of urbanization, China&

17、#39;s water resources situation will be more severe .With the water stress, water pollution is severe and flood disaster for the characteristics of the water crisis has become China's sustainable development the important restriction factors, becoming to realize the new period of economic and so

18、cial development goals with basic, global and strategic problems. However, China's industry , such as steel production process of water consumption unit is high several times even a few times than foreign advanced level , water reuse is less than a third of the developed countries.Advanced techn

19、ological process, which can produce high quality water, also need the whole factory have a neat and beautiful environment and pleasing to the eye of the architectural form. This must be the original water supply engineering design method and program ideas have a greater change, should be the design

20、process as a sustainable development,.And constantly open, often changes of dynamic system, which is to ensure that the design a good engineer. PrefaceThrough the practice of cleaner production strategy, which changes the production process or adopt water saving and no water production process, and

21、reasonable for industrial or production layout, in order to reduce industrial production demand for water, improve water use efficiency.This is the so-called production process water saving. We can imagine that water saving technology in industrial production of raw material route and policy is invo

22、lving the production method, process and production equipment, and involving industrial and product structure, the scale of production, production organization and industrial production layout, etc. In short, it almost deeply involved in all aspects of industrial production;.So the process water is

23、more complicated and more long-term task, and it is the basic way of water-saving in industry.Secondly, for the iron and steel industry, in terms of raw water quality indicators in a certain extent directly affects the whole steel production process, raw water quality is good or bad influence the no

24、rmal operation of the boiler, the boiler of recirculating cooling water loss, directly from raw water supply system supplement, raw water supply system of impurity and colloid content determines the boiler scaling, corrosion and product salt. Raw water system also determines the soft water system an

25、d the brine system operation cost and efficiency, in addition to salt water directly affects the normal operation of the whole power generation technology. So the raw water treatment technology in the industrial water supply system is very important.a summaryYunnan tecsun iron and steel co., LTD., h

26、as developed planning requirements, the existing steel area near the new main production bar. Section steel project. As a supporting and auxiliary facilities, the high pool in far cannot satisfy the water treatment process requirements of the existing facilities construction, reconstruction. Process

27、ing capacity of 50000 T/d.Second, the process flow Match well - pipe mixer - mechanical accelerated clarifier - V type filter to filter the water lift pump suction control pool - high pool main - industrial user processThree, process locationRaw water treatment plant water from industrial factories

28、from 10 kilometers of shimen reservoir east river reservoir, with DN700 welded steel pipe access the original raw water treatment plant, its height is 1616.5, industrial factory level in 1585.5 the new technology in the construction of the original raw water treatment plant side, which is dealing wi

29、th water as the original source.Four, process system analysis and comparison(a) clarification tank and tank1, coagulation mechanismCoagulation is water colloidal particles and small suspended matter gathering process (in short, coagulation process is by adding the agent water colloid make bonding to

30、gether, increase the authentic weight, stay time limited water treatment structures in settling down, such as mechanical accelerated clarifier is concrete, response and clarification process built in the same structure within the structure)2, the coagulation process(1) neutralization(2) adsorption(3

31、) surface contact action(4) filtering3, clarification tank working principleThe coagulation precipitation to remove the suspended particle technology including water and potions to mix, reaction and flocculation body and water separation of three stages, sedimentation basin is the three process set

32、in a complete structure of a kind of special form of facilities.4, mechanical accelerated clarifier(1) overviewMechanical accelerated sedimentation basin belongs to the sludge circulation separation type, which is with the mechanical smoke rise effect, and it makes the sludge in vertical direction c

33、ontinuously circulation, captures raw water formed in the flocculation body, and in the separation area are isolated; Its characteristic is to make full use of already formed sludge activity, increase the collision opportunities, strengthen the collision probability, improve the function of the proc

34、essing equipment.(2) the advantages and disadvantages of mechanical accelerated clarifier.1) advantages(1) the water, the water to the ion concentration changes adaptability(2) the stability of the treatment effect(3) high treatment efficiency2) faults(1) the energy consumption(2) the corrosion is s

35、erious, maintenance difficulties4, flat sedimentation basin (1) overviewFlat sedimentation basin is a type of settling basin. Cell body plane for rectangular, import and export, set up in the pond long both ends. Pool length-width ratio not less than 4, effective depth generally not more than 3 m, t

36、he front of the pool of sludge design.(2)flat sedimentation basin advantages:1) water treatment in any size, precipitation effect is good.2) the water and temperature change of a strong ability to adapt.3) layout is compact, construction is convenient, low cost.(3)flat sedimentation basin <faults

37、:1) inlet and outlet water distribution is uniform.2) bucket dredge, each bucket all needs to set up mud tube (valve), manual operation, the work is multifarious. 3) the mechanical scraping mud was easy to rust.(4) flat sedimentation basin suitable for:1) suitable for underground water level is high

38、, the geological conditions of the poor areas,2) large, medium and small sewage treatment works can be used.(5) flat sedimentation basin design key points:1) coagulation precipitation, water turbidity appropriate < 10 mg/L, special circumstances or less 15 mg/L;2) cell number or division number g

39、eneral not less than 2;3) the settling time is generally 1.0 3.0 h, when dealing with low temperature and low or high turbidity water can be appropriately extended;4) sedimentation tank in average flow velocity is generally 10 to 25 mm/s;5) effective depth is generally 3.0 3.5 m, 0.3 0.5 m high;6) p

40、ool length-width ratio should be obtained.the 4, every width or guide wall spacing generally USES 3 8 m, maximum 15 m, when using siphon or pump suctionType crane mechanical dredge, pool frame width may be combined with the width of the truss (8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and, and m);7) pool long depth ratio

41、should be obtained.the 10;8) water area to use punched tracery wall water distribution, perforated wall from the wall of the pool water wall distance or should be 1 2 m, at the same time in precipitation surface above0.3 0.5 m place to the bottom part of the wall do not set hole;9) the perforated wa

42、ll water distribution or overflow weir catchment, overflow rate can use 500 ;10) pool emptying time general acuities 6 h;11) Records number general for 4000 15000, the around number is usually 1 x 10-4 1 x 10-5.According to the steel plant to water quality requirements, we selected relatively stable

43、 mechanical accelerated clarifier.5, mechanical acceleration clarification tank volume for 1573 m3, ChanChi processing capacity of 1000 m3 / hDesign into the water by nominal capacity and 15 private water meter, of which 5) for filter flushing water, 10 to filter the biggest dredge water consumption

44、.Rise velocity 1 mm/mResidence time of 1.5 hJust a little reaction chamber retention time total 30 minutesWater inlet velocity of 0.8 to 1.6 m/sTriangular groove water flow rate of 0.5 to 1.0 m/sImprove flow 5 times nearly water flowTwo reaction velocity and rise to sixty hao m/mSediment return velo

45、city 150 to 200 mm/sPerforated header tank calculation flow should consider flow increase of leeway, overload factor generally take 1.2 to 1.5Perforated header tank calculation method is as follows:Orifice area f = BQ/u f - orifice areaB - overload coefficientU - flow coefficient its value for hole

46、diameter and tank wall thickness ratio vary, for thin wall orifice can use 0.62Q - clarification tank full flow, namely ring groove and header tank hole water total flowG - for acceleration of gravityH - orifice lossesB punch header tank width and height(2) filterFilter have gravity valveless filter

47、, siphon filter, mobile cover filter, V type filter, pressure filter, etc.1, v type filterV type filter is fast filter is a kind of form, because the water into the shape is vee named, also called graded filter material filter (the filter material using homogeneous filter material, namely all size f

48、ilter material), six valve filter (all kinds of pipeline there are six main valve)overviewV type filter is fast filter is a kind of form, because the water into the shape is vee named, also called graded filter material filter (the filter material using homogeneous filter material, namely all size f

49、ilter material), and six valve filter (all kinds of pipeline there are six main valve).Working processTo filter water by water total channel the inlet valve and square hole, flow weir crest then through side hole into is to filter the water flooded the V groove, respectively the tank bottom uniform

50、with hole and V groove weir into the filter. Be homogeneous filter material filter filter filter water after the long handle filter head into the bottom space, the square hole into the air water distribution pipe canal, in charge of the water well, was the water weir, clear ditch into the clear wate

51、r reservoir.(3) back flush process:Close inlet valve, but there are still part of the water from both sides often open square hole into the filter, the V groove side to drain a side, the formation of a surface and wash. Then open drain valve will pool surface water from the who's vent to filter

52、water and V groove top are flat. Back flush process often use "air impact - air water and recoil - water impact" three steps.(4) V type filter and the characteristics of the design parameters1) filter speed can reach 7 and m/h, general is 12.5 15.0 m/h.2) the single upset graded filter mat

53、erial, size is generally 0.95 1.35 mm, will be allowed to expand to 0.7 2.0 mm, not uniformity coefficient between 1.2 1.6 or 1.8.3) to filter speed in 7 and m/h between the filter, the filter layer height is 0.95 1.5 m choose between, for higher filter speed can also be increased accordingly.4) bot

54、tom with the long handle filter head plate of the drainage system, do not set gravel supporting layer. Filter head adopts network layout, about 55 / m2.5) back flush generally USES air impact, gas, water and recoil and water impact three process, backwash effect is good, save backwash water and powe

55、r consumption.6) the whole filter material layer in the depth direction of the particle size distribution basic even, in the flushing process present not inflation, not occur hydraulic classification phenomenon, ensure that deep cut pollution, filter with high carrying capacity. Filter more depth ge

56、neral more than 1.2 m, backwash water level down to the drain tank top, depth is only 0.5 m.(5) from the actual operation situation, V type filter by gas water backwash technology and pure water back flush way in, mainly has The following advantages:1) better eliminates the filter material surface and inner mud ball, have cut corrupt capability is strong, filtration cycle is long, the backwash water