1、1語法復習語法復習- 句子成分及練習句子成分及練習2動動詞詞 連系動詞連系動詞主要動詞主要動詞 行為動詞行為動詞 助動詞助動詞輔助動詞輔助動詞 情態動詞情態動詞be (am is are was were) / seem / keep是是/好象好象(似乎似乎)是是/保持保持look / feel / taste / smell / sound 看看/感覺感覺/嘗嘗/聞聞/聽起來聽起來(上去上去)become / turn / get / grow 變得變得不及物動詞不及物動詞 laugh / smile / look / listen及物動詞及物動詞 see / hear / drink /

2、eatbe (am / is /are / was / were)do / does / didhave / has / hadwill / shall / be going tocan / may / must / shall / needcould / should / would / mighthave (has) to / had better3及物動詞及物動詞是是后面可以直接跟賓語的動詞后面可以直接跟賓語的動詞: see / hear / drink / eat / I saw him last week.We heard the bad news yesterday.They ea

3、t bread every day.He drank a glass of milk just now.不及物動詞不及物動詞是是后面不可以直接跟賓語的動詞后面不可以直接跟賓語的動詞: laugh / smile / look / listen / She smiled happily.They laughed loudly. 如果要加賓語如果要加賓語,就要靠一個介詞來幫助就要靠一個介詞來幫助:She looked at the blackboard carefully.He listened to his teacher in class.They laughed at us after th

4、e match. 什么是什么是及物動詞及物動詞和和不及物動詞不及物動詞呢呢?!4常見的不及物動詞vgo come move fail work die lie live rise arise vlisten look agree arrive sit vhappen take place occur break out belong stay vcome up come about vfight struggle graduate smile nod vdisagree talk51 主系表型主系表型 She is a very good girl . (_語語) (_詞詞) (_語語) Th

5、e girl is very good. (_語語) (_詞詞) (_語語)2 主謂型主謂型_式式: They laughed. The kites fly in the sky. (_語語) (_詞詞) (_語語) (_詞詞)_式式: I bought a new bike. He plays volleyball. (_語語) (_詞詞) (_語語) (_語語) (_詞詞) (_語語)_式式: She told me a story. He gave me a good book. (_語語) (_詞詞) (_語語) (_語語) (_語語) (_詞詞) (_語語) (_語語)_式式 He

6、asked me to help him. He made me happy. (_語語) (_詞詞) (_語語) (_語語) (_語語) (_詞詞) (_語語) (_語語)原來也蠻簡單的哦原來也蠻簡單的哦! !我來分析一下我來分析一下這些句子中所包含的成分這些句子中所包含的成分6一、句子成分一、句子成分v（一）句子成分的定義：（一）句子成分的定義：v構成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。構成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。v句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；v主要成分有主要成分有主語主語和和謂語；謂語；v次要成分有次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補

7、足語、同位語和足語、同位語和插入語插入語。78二）主語：二）主語：v主語主語 (Subject)1. 主語主語:是一個句子的主干部分之一是一個句子的主干部分之一,主語表主語表明是明是“什么人什么人” ， “ 什么事什么事”. 主語可由主語可由名詞、代詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、代詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等等7種種表示。例如：表示。例如：91.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English i

8、n class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. （名詞）（代詞）（數詞）（不定式）（動名詞）（名詞化的形容詞）107.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a

9、 foreign language.（主語從句）（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）11（三）謂語（三）謂語 v謂語謂語 (Predicate) 說明主語所做的動作或說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態。動詞在句中作謂語，具有的特征和狀態。動詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。謂語的構成如下：一般放在主語之后。謂語的構成如下：v1、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構成。如：成。如： He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten oclock.12（三）謂語（三）謂語 13（四）表

10、語（四）表語 v表語表語(Predicative)v用以說明主語的性質、特征、狀態與身份，用以說明主語的性質、特征、狀態與身份，它一般位于系動詞（如它一般位于系動詞（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。等）之后。v表語一般由表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數詞、名詞、代詞、形容詞、數詞、 副副詞、不定式、動名詞、分詞、介詞短語及表詞、不定式、動名詞、分詞、介詞短語及表語從句等語從句等10種情況表示。例如：種情況表示。例如： 141.Our English teacher is an American.（名詞）（名詞）2.Is it yours

11、?（代詞）（代詞）3.The weather has turned cold.（形容詞）（形容詞）4.The speech is exciting.（分詞）（分詞）5.Three times seven is twenty one?（數詞）（數詞）156.His job is to teach English.（不定式）（不定式）7.His hobby is playing football.（動名詞）（動名詞）8.The meeting is of great importance.（介詞短語）（介詞短語）9.Time is up. The class is over.（副詞）（副詞）10.

12、The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表語從句）（表語從句）16注意：系動詞（注意：系動詞（Linking verb)用于連接主語和用于連接主語和表語，說明主語的狀態，性質特征和身份等。表語，說明主語的狀態，性質特征和身份等。1）狀態系動詞狀態系動詞用來表示主語狀態，只有用來表示主語狀態，只有be一詞，一詞，例如：例如： He is a teacher. 2）持續系動詞持續系動詞用來表示主語繼續或保持一種狀況用來表示主語繼續或保持一種狀況或態度，主要有或態度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：例如：He

13、 always kept silent at meeting. 3）表像系動詞表像系動詞用來表示用來表示“看起來像看起來像”這一概念，這一概念，主要有主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：例如：He seems (to be) very sad. 17注意：系動詞（注意：系動詞（Linking verb)用于連接主語和表用于連接主語和表語，說明主語的狀態，性質特征和身份等。語，說明主語的狀態，性質特征和身份等。 4）感官系動詞感官系動詞主要有主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, look 例如：例如：This kind of cloth feels very

14、 soft. 5）變化系動詞變化系動詞表示主語變成什么樣，主要有表示主語變成什么樣，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come.例如：例如：Our country is becoming richer and richer. 6）結果是結果是;證明是證明是 prove, turn out, 例如：例如：The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success. 18（五）賓語（五）賓語 v賓語（賓語（Object）表示動作的對象或承愛者，一）表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。例如：般位

15、于及物動詞和介詞后面。例如： 1.He is doing his homework.2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（名詞）（代詞、動名詞）（名詞、數詞）194.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.5.He pretended not to see me.6.I enjoy listening to popular music.7.I think

16、（that）he is fit for his office.（名詞化形容詞，名詞）（不定式短語）（動名詞短語）（賓語從句）20v賓語種類賓語種類：v（1）雙賓語（間接賓語）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：直接賓語），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.To: write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw等，例如：等，例如： He sent the novel to William yesterday.For: make, buy, sing,coo

17、k等，例如：等，例如： She bought a gift for her mother.v（2）復合賓語（賓語）復合賓語（賓語+賓補），例如：賓補），例如：vThey elected him their monitor.21（六）賓語補足語（六）賓語補足語 v賓語補足語（賓語補足語（Object Complement），），用于補充說明賓語的動作，一般位于賓用于補充說明賓語的動作，一般位于賓語之后，賓語與賓語補足語一起構成復語之后，賓語與賓語補足語一起構成復合賓語。需接復合賓語的動詞有：合賓語。需接復合賓語的動詞有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，orde

18、r，make等。等。“賓補賓補”一般可一般可由名由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語詞短語充當。例如：充當。例如：221.His father named him Xiaoming.2.They painted their boat white.3.Let the fresh air in.4.You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.5.We saw her entering the room.6.We found everything in the lab in good order.（名詞）（形容

19、詞）（副詞）（不定式短語）（現在分詞）（介詞短語）23（七）定語（七）定語 v修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語(Attribute)。v定語可由以下等成分表示：定語可由以下等成分表示：1.Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容詞（形容詞）2.China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分詞（分詞） 3.There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名詞）（名詞）4.His rapid progress

20、 in English made us surprised.（代詞）（代詞）245.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短語）（不定式短語）6.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（動名詞）（動名詞）7.He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介詞短語）（介詞短語）8.She is the girl who sings best in my class. (定語從句定語從句)25（

21、八）狀語（八）狀語 v修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態特征的句子成分，叫做狀語動作或狀態特征的句子成分，叫做狀語（Adverbial）?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆??？捎梢韵滦问奖硎?：1.Light travels most quickly.2.He has lived in the city for ten years. 3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（副詞及副詞性詞組）（介詞短語）（不定式短語）264.He sat in the ro

22、om, making a model plane.5.Once you begin, you must continue.（分詞短語）（狀語從句）279種狀語種類如下： 1. How about meeting again at six?2.Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.3.I shall go there if it doesnt rain. 4.Mr Smith lives on the third floor. 5.She put the eggs into the basket with g

23、reat care.（時間狀語）（原因狀語）（條件狀語）（地點狀語）（方式狀語）28v She came in with a dictionary in her hand.6.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 7.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 8.She works very hard though she is old.9.I am taller than he is.（伴隨狀語）（目的狀語）（結果狀語）（讓步狀語）（比較狀語）29（九）同位語

24、（九）同位語（Appositive）對前面的名）對前面的名詞或代詞做進一步的解釋，通常由詞或代詞做進一步的解釋，通常由名詞名詞、數詞、代詞數詞、代詞或或從句從句擔任，如：擔任，如：This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster.（十）插入語（十）插入語（Parenthesis）對一句話）對一句話做一些附加的解釋，通常有做一些附加的解釋，通常有to be honest , I think (suppose, believe-)等，如：等，如：To be frank, I dont quite agree with you.30簡單句種類v1 主+謂v2 主+謂+賓v3 主+謂+

25、賓+賓v4 主+謂+賓+賓補v 5 主+系+表we laugh.we clean the classroom.we saw him talking with the teacher.we buy him a gift.we are students.31v一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：v1. The students got on the school bus.v2. He handed me the newspaper.v3. I shall answer your question after class.v4. What a beauti

26、ful Chinese painting!v5. They went hunting together early in the morning.v6. His job is to train swimmers.v7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.v8. There is going to be an American film tonight.32v9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.v10. His wish is to become a scientist.v11. He mana

27、ged to finish the work in time.v12. Tom came to ask me for advice.v13. He found it important to master English.v14. Do you have anything else to say?v15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.v16. Would you please tell me your address?v17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.v18. It is our d

28、uty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.33v19. He noticed a man enter the room.v20. The apples tasted sweet.v一、一、1、主語，定語；、主語，定語；2、間接賓語；、間接賓語；3、謂語，、謂語，狀語；狀語；4、定語；、定語；5、狀語，狀語；、狀語，狀語；6、定語，表、定語，表語；語；7、賓語，狀語；、賓語，狀語；8、謂語，主語；、謂語，主語；9、謂語；、謂語；10、主語，表語；、主語，表語；11、謂語，賓語；、謂語，賓語；12、狀語；、狀語；13、形式賓語，真正賓語；、形式賓語，真正賓語

29、；14、賓語、定語；、賓語、定語；15、插入語，狀語；、插入語，狀語；16、賓語、賓語(間賓間賓+直賓直賓)；17、狀語，狀語；狀語，狀語；18、形式主語，表語，賓補；、形式主語，表語，賓補；19、賓補；賓補；20、表語、表語34 句子成分練習題句子成分練習題( 二二 ) 指出下列句子中劃線部分的句子成分：指出下列句子中劃線部分的句子成分：1.Whether well go depend on the weather .2. Peoples standards of living are going up steadily .3. That was how they were defeated

30、.4.The nursery takes good care of our children .5.Ill return the book to you tomorrow .6.We are sure that we shall succeed .7.The woman with a baby in her arms is his other .8.There are many films that Id like to see.35 9.Have you met the person about whom he was speaking ? 10.I have a lot of work t

31、o do . 11.Anyway I wont stop you from doing it . 12. She was the first to learn about it. 13.How many new words did you learn last class? 14.Seeing this ,some comrades became very worried . 15.Much interested , he agreed to give it a try . 16. The old man was feeling very tired 17.We should serve th

32、e people heart and soul.3618. You will find it useful after you leave school.19.Spring coming on , the tree turned green. 20.Some farmers saw something strange in the sky 21.We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting .22.Its strange that she doesnt come today .23.It was in the lib

33、rary that I found him today .24.He likes drawing at times when he isnt working .25.We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door. 37答案答案 1.主語從句主語從句 2謂語謂語 3表語從句表語從句 4賓語賓語 5.間賓間賓 6.賓語從句賓語從句 7.定語定語 8.定語從句定語從句 9.定語定語 10.定語定語 11.狀語狀語 12.定語定語 13.賓語賓語 14.狀語狀語 15.狀語狀語 16.表語表語 17.狀語狀語 18.賓補賓補 19.狀語

34、狀語 20.定語定語 21.賓語從句賓語從句 22.主語從句主語從句 23.狀語狀語 24.狀語狀語 25.狀語狀語38四、選擇填空：v( )1. _ will leave for Beijing.vA. Now there the man vB. The man here nowvC. The man who is here now vD. The man is here nowv( ) 2. The weather _.vA. wet and cold B. is wet and coldvC. not wet and coldD. were wet and coldv( ) 3. The

35、 apple tasted _.vA. sweets B. sweetly vC. nicely D. sweet39v( ) 4. He got up _ yesterday morning.vA. lately B. late vC. latest D. latterv( )5. The actor _at the age of 70.vA. dead B. died vC. dyed D. dyingv( )6. _ were all very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a rest.vA. We, us B. Us, we vC. We, our D. We, we40v( )7. He found the street much _.vA. crowd B. crowding vC. crowded D. crowdedlyv( ) 8.I think _necessary to learn English well.vA. its B. it vC. that D. that is41v( ) 9. The dog _ mad.vA. looks B. is looked vC. is being looked