1、外科學緒論外科學緒論Introduction of Surgery一、現代外科學的開展一、現代外科學的開展 Development of Modern Surgery解剖學解剖學 AnatomyJohn Hunter 1728-1793, the father of experimental surgery and a superb anatomist and teacher.麻醉麻醉 AnesthesiaWillam t.G. Morton 1819-1868, a Boston dentist whose successful demonstration of ether anesthes

2、ia on October 16, 1846, at the Massachusetts Gneeral Hospital was a landmark in the history of surgery3. 抗菌術抗菌術 AntisepsisJoseph Lister 1827-1912, the originator of antiseptic surgery輸血輸血 Blood transfusionRichard Lewisohn 1875-1961, a surgeon at the Mount Sinai Hospital, introduced the modern techni

3、que of blood transfusion, developed from his discovery of a method of preventing coagulation of the blood outside the body.Karl Landsteiner 1868-1943, one of the first scientists to study the physical processes of immunity. He is best known for his identification and characterization of the human bl

4、ood groups, A, B, and O.Theodor Kocher 1841-1917, professor of surgery at the University of Berne and pioneer in the development of surgery of the thyoid. He received the Nobel Prize in 1909.Theodor Billroth 1829-1894, professor at the University of Vienna and pioneer abdominal surgeon, Billroth was

5、 one of the most influential teachers of his time.Innovators & Pioneers in SurgeryJohn H. Gibbon 1903-1973, pioneer cardiothoracic surgeon who developed extracorporeal circulation.Alexis Carrel 1873-1944, an experimental surgeon interested in wound healing, tissue culture, organ transplantation,

6、 and blood vessel anastomosis. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1912.傅培彬傅培彬 1912-1989, 瑞金醫院外科開創人瑞金醫院外科開創人1954 二尖瓣分別二尖瓣分別 Commissurotomy of mitral stenosis1958 大面積灼傷大面積灼傷 Severe Burn1963 斷肢再植斷肢再植 Replantation of cut limb1977 肝移植肝移植 The 1st case of Liver transplantation 1978 心臟移植心臟移植 The 1st case of

7、Heart transplantation1990s- 二醫外科全面開展二醫外科全面開展灼傷外科、消化外科、膽胰外科灼傷外科、消化外科、膽胰外科 Burn surg, Digestive S., P. Biliary口腔外科、整形外科、小兒心臟外科口腔外科、整形外科、小兒心臟外科 Stomatological S. Plastic S. Pediatric Cardio S.The role of SSMU in the development of surgery in China二、外科學范疇二、外科學范疇Category of Surgery外科疾病分類外科疾病分類Classificat

8、ion of Surgical Diseases1 損傷損傷 Trauma mechanical thermal chemical electrical2 感染感染 Infection3 腫瘤腫瘤 Neoplasia Benign, Malignant4 畸形畸形 Anatomical abnormalities Congenital, Acquired5 內分泌功能失調內分泌功能失調 Metabolic & Hormonal disorder6 堵塞與缺血堵塞與缺血 Infarction & Ischamia7 其它其它 Others梗阻梗阻Obstruction寄生蟲病寄生

9、蟲病Parasite diseases靜脈曲張靜脈曲張Vein varicose2. 外科專業開展外科專業開展 Development of Surgical Specialties任務對象和性質任務對象和性質實驗外科實驗外科 Eexperimental Surgery臨床外科臨床外科 Clinical Surgery2 人體解剖系統人體解剖系統骨科骨科 Arthrosteopedic surgery頜面外科頜面外科Dentofacial surgery心胸外科心胸外科Cardiothoracic surgery泌尿外科泌尿外科Urologic surgery神經外科神經外科Neurosurg

10、ery普通外科普通外科General surgery腹部外科腹部外科 Abdominal surgery3 性病性質性病性質 腫瘤外科腫瘤外科Neoplastic surgery急癥外科急癥外科Emergency surgery創傷外科創傷外科Trauma surgery燒傷外科燒傷外科Burn surgery4 手術方式手術方式整復外科整復外科Plastic surgery顯微外科顯微外科Microsurgery移植外科移植外科Transplantation微創外科微創外科Minimally invasive surgery5 年齡年齡 小兒外科小兒外科Pediatric Surgery 成

11、人外科成人外科Adult Surgery6 專業專業 婦科婦科Gynecology 耳鼻喉科耳鼻喉科Otolaryngology 眼科眼科Ophthalmology3. 外科總論與各論外科總論與各論 General Surgery & Special Surgery 外科學總論外科學總論 General Surgery 各臨床外科共同的專業根底各臨床外科共同的專業根底 根底醫學與臨床外科學的橋梁根底醫學與臨床外科學的橋梁外科學各論外科學各論Special Surgery 論述各系統、各臟器論述各系統、各臟器 外科疾病的病因、病理、診斷與治療外科疾病的病因、病理、診斷與治療 外科分子生物

12、學外科分子生物學 Surgical molecular biology 外科免疫學外科免疫學 Surgical immunology 無菌術無菌術 Aseptic technique 外科水、電解質和酸堿平衡外科水、電解質和酸堿平衡 Fluid and electrolyte management and acid-base balance 輸血輸血 Blood transfusion外科休克外科休克Surgical shock外科營養外科營養Surgical nutrition多器官功能妨礙綜合征多器官功能妨礙綜合征Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, M

13、ODS麻醉麻醉Anesthesia外科重癥監測治療外科重癥監測治療Surgical intensive care心肺腦復蘇心肺腦復蘇 Brain-cardiopulmonary Resuscitation疼痛治療疼痛治療Pain management & Analgesia圍手術期處置圍手術期處置Paraoperative management門診外科門診外科Outpatient surgery外科感染外科感染Surgical infection腫瘤腫瘤Neoplasma創傷創傷Trauma燒傷與冷傷燒傷與冷傷Burns & Cold injury顯微外科顯微外科Microsu

14、rgery器官移植器官移植Organ transplantation組織工程組織工程Tissue engineering腔鏡外科腔鏡外科Laparoscopic & thorascopic surgery內鏡外科內鏡外科Endoscopic surgery外科介入治療外科介入治療Surgical intervention treatment三、如何學習外科三、如何學習外科How to learn surgery外科醫師的職業品德外科醫師的職業品德 Moral Character實際聯絡實際實際聯絡實際Theory and Practice外科根底外科根底Basic theoryBasic knowledgeBasic techniqueSpunk of tiger 膽大膽大籠統化的要求籠統化的要求Some figure of speech about the basic demandsEyes of eagle 眼明眼明Hands of women 手巧手巧Heart of mother 心細心細學學 問問- Learn to find questions- L