1、必修二Unit 1In search of the amber roomFrederick William I, the king of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history. This gift was the Amber Room, which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it. The amb

2、er which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown color like honey. The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days. It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the countrys best artists about ten years to make.In fact, the room was not made to be a gift. I

3、t was designed for the palace of Fredrick I. However, the next King of Prussia, Fredrick William I, to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. In 1716 he gave it to Peter the Great. In return, the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers. So the Amber Room became part of the Czars wi

4、nter palace in St Petersburg. About four meters long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors. Later, Catherine had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. She told her artists to add more details to it. In 1770 the room was comple

5、ted the way she wanted. Almost six hundred candles lit the room, and its mirrors and pictures shone like gold. Sadly, although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world, it is now missing.In September 1941, the Nazi army was near St Petersburg. This was a time when the two countr

6、ies were at war. Before the Nazis could get to the summer palace, the Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room. However, some of the Nazis secretly stole the room itself. In less than two days 100000 pieces were put inside twenty-seven wooden boxes. There

7、 is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at a time a German city on the Baltic Sea. After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery.Recently, the Russians and Germans have built a new Amber Room at the summer palace. By studying old photos of the f

8、ormer Amber room, they have made the new one look like the old one. In 2003 it was ready for the people of St Petersburg when they celebrated the 300th birthday of their city.尋找琥珀屋 普魯士國王腓特烈·威廉一世絕不可能想到他送給俄羅斯人民的厚禮會有一段令人驚訝的歷史。這件禮物就是琥珀屋, 它之所以叫這個名字,是因為建造這間房子用了好幾噸琥珀,被選擇的琥珀色彩艷麗, 呈黃褐色像蜜一樣。屋子的設計采用當時流行的奇

9、特風格。琥珀屋也是用金銀珠寶裝飾的珍品，這花費了全國最優秀的藝術家大約十年的時間才完成。 事實上, 琥珀屋并不是作為禮物而建造的。它是為腓烈特一世的宮殿而建造。然而,下一位普魯士國王,腓烈特·威廉一世, 這個琥珀屋的主人卻決定不再保留它了。1716年, 他把它送給了彼得大帝。作為回饋, 沙皇則送給他一隊自己最好的士兵。所以, 琥珀屋就成了沙皇在圣彼得堡東宮的一部分。琥珀屋長約4米, 被用作接待重要來賓的小型會客室。 后來、葉卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到了圣彼得堡郊外避暑的宮殿中。她讓藝術家們給它增添了更多的裝飾。1770年,這間琥珀屋按她要求的方式完工了。將近600支蠟燭照亮了這個房

10、間,里面的鏡子和圖畫就像金子一樣閃閃發光。不幸的是,雖然琥珀屋被認為是世界奇跡之一,可是現在它卻消失了。 1941年9月, 納粹德國的軍隊逼近圣彼得堡，這是兩國交戰的時期。在納粹分子能夠到達夏宮之前,俄國人只來得及把琥珀屋里的一些家具和小件藝術飾品搬走?？墒晴晡荼旧韰s被一些納粹分子秘密地運走了。在不到兩天的時間里, 琥珀屋被拆成10萬塊裝進了27個木箱里。毫無疑問, 這些箱子后來被裝上火車運往哥尼斯堡, 哥尼斯堡當時是波羅的海的海邊的一個城市。從那以后, 琥珀屋怎么樣便成了一個謎。 最近俄國人和德國人已經在夏宮建立起了一個新的琥珀屋,通過研究以前琥珀屋的老照片, 他們使得新的琥珀屋的樣子與原

11、來的非常相像。2003年,在圣彼得堡人民用它來慶祝他們的城市建立300周年。A fact or an opinionWhat is a fact? Is it something that people believe? No. A fact is anything that can be proved. For example, it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world. This is a fact.Then what is an opinion? An opinion i

12、s what someone believes is true but has not been proved. So an opinion is not good evidence in a trail. For example, it is an opinion if you say “Cats are better pets than dogs”. It may be true, but it is difficult to prove. Some people may not agree with this opinion but they also cannot prove that

13、 they are right.In a trail, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe. The judge does not consider what each eyewitness looks like or where that person lives or works. He/She only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information, which must be facts rath

14、er than opinions. This kind of information is called evidence.一個事實還是一個觀點什么是事實？是一些人們相信的東西嗎？不！事實是可以被證明的任何事。例如，可以證明中國人口比世界上任何其他國家的人口都要多。這是一個事實。那么什么是一個觀點呢？一個觀點是人們相信那是真的但還沒有被證明的。所以一個觀點在一個審判中不是一個很好的證據。例如，如果你說“貓是比狗好的寵物”這會是一個觀點。這可能是真的，不過很難去證明。一些人可能不同意這個觀點，不過他們也無法證明他們是對的。在一場審判中，一個法官一定要去決定相信還是不相信哪個目擊者。這個法官不會去

15、考慮每個目擊者的長相或人們在哪里居住或工作。他/她只關心目擊者是否會提供真實的信息，這一定是事實而不是觀點。這種信息被稱之為證據。Unit 2An interviewPausanias, who was a Greek writer about 2000 year ago, has come on a magical journey on March 18th ,2007 to find out about the present-day Olympic Games. He is now interviewing Li Yan, a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic

16、s Games.P: My name is Pausanias. I lived in what you call “ Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago. Ive come to your time to find out about the present-day Olympic Games because I know that in 2004 they were held in my homeland. May I ask you some questions about

17、 the modern Olympics?L: Good heavens! Have really come from so long ago? But of course you can ask any questions you like. What would you like to know?P: How often do you hold your Games?L: Every four years. There are two main sets of Gamesthe Winter and the Summer Olympics, and both are held every

18、four years on a regular basis. The Winter Olympics are usually held two years before the Summer Games. Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors. They may come from anywhere in the world.P: Winter Games? How can the runners enjoy competing in

19、winter? And what about the horses?L: Oh no! There are no running races or horse riding events. Instead there are competitions like skiing and ice skating which need snow and ice. Thats why theyre called the Winter Olympics. Its in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races, together with sw

20、imming, sailing and all the team sports.P: I see. Earlier you said that athletes are invited from all over the world. Do you mean the Greek world? Our Greek cities used to compete against each other just for the honor of winning. No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women!L: Nowaday

21、s any country can take part if their athletes are good enough. There are over 250 sports and each one has its own standard. Women are not only allowed, but play a very important role in gymnastics, athletics, team sports and P: Please wait a minute! All those events, all those countries and even wom

22、en taking part! Where are all the athletes housed?L: For each Olympics, a special village is built for them to live in, a main reception building, several stadiums for competitions, and a gymnasium as well.P: Thats sounds very expansive. Does anyone want to host the Olympic Games?L: As a matter of f

23、act,every country wants the opportunity. Its a great responsibility but also a great honor to be chosen. Theres as much competitions among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals. The 2008 Olympics will be held in Beijing.P: Oh yes! You must be very proud. L: Certainly. And after tha

24、t the 2012 Olympics will be held in London. They have already started planning for it. A new village for the athletes and all the stadiums will be built to the east of London. New medals will be designed of course and P: Did you say medals? So even the olive wreath has been replaced! Oh dear! Do you

25、 compete for prize money too?L: No, we dont. Its still all about being able to run faster, jumper higher and throw further. Thats the motto of the Olympics, you know“ Swifter, Higher and Stronger.”P: Well, thats a good news. How interesting! Thank you so much for your time.一個采訪 大約2000年前的一個希臘作者帕薩尼亞斯(

26、P)，在2007年3月18日踏上了一段魔幻的旅程去查明關于現代的奧林匹克運動會。他正在采訪一個2008年奧林匹克運動會志愿者李巖(L)。P:我是帕薩尼亞斯。我住在你們所說的“古希臘”而且在很久之前我常常寫一些關于奧林匹克運動會的事情。我來到你的時代是為了解關于現代奧林匹克運動會，因為我知道2004年奧林匹克運動會會在我家鄉舉辦。我可以問你一些關于現代奧林匹克運動會的問題么？L:真是極為愉快的事!你真的來自那么久遠的時代么？不過當然你可以問你想問的問題。你想知道什么？P:你們多久會舉辦一次運動會？L:四年一次。有兩種主要的運動會形式-冬季和夏季奧運會，并且在一個有規律的基礎上他們都是四年舉辦一次

27、的。冬季奧運會一般會在夏季奧運會前兩年舉辦。只有達到該項目既定的標準的運動員才會被容許成為競爭者。他們可以來自世界各地。P:冬季奧運會？田徑運動員如何在冬季享受比賽？還有馬術又怎樣？L:哦不!冬季奧運會沒有賽跑和騎馬的項目。反而會有一些像滑雪和溜冰這些需要雪和冰的項目。這就是為什么他成為冬季奧運會。只有在夏季奧運會會有你說賽跑，同時還有游泳，帆船運動和所有團隊運動。P:我懂了。之前你說那些運動員都被邀請來自世界各地。你了解希臘世界么？我們希臘城過去互相競賽只為勝利的榮譽。沒有其他的地區可以參加，奴隸和婦女也不可以。L:現在只要他們的運動員夠好的話任何國家都可以參加。有超過250種項目并且每一種

28、都有它自己的標準。婦女不僅允許參加比賽，并且她們在體操比賽，競技比賽，團隊比賽和其他各種比賽中都扮演著重要的角色。P:麻煩稍等一下！所有的這些項目，所有的國民甚至婦女都可以參加！那么這些運動員們居住在哪里？L:在每一場奧運會前，一座特別的村莊會被建來給他們居住，還有一座主要的接待建筑，幾個用來比賽的體育場和一座體育館等P:那聽起來很貴。有哪個國家會想要舉辦奧運會么？L:事實上，每個國家都想要這個機會。這是一個很大的責任同樣是一個很大的榮譽如果被挑選到。在國家之間有很多競爭去為舉辦奧運會就像去贏得奧林匹克獎牌一樣。2008年的奧運會將會在北京舉行。這你知道么？P:哦是的！你一定非常自豪。L:當然

29、。之后的2012年奧運會將在倫敦舉行。他們早就開始為這個做準備了。一座讓運動員居住的村莊和所有的運動場將會被建在東倫敦。當然新的獎牌會被設計.P:你是說獎牌么？所以甚至是橄欖花圈也已經被取代了！哦親愛的！你們比賽也為了獎金么？L:不我們不?，F在仍然想要跑得更快跳的更高扔得更遠。正如你知道的奧運會的格言-“更快更高更強”。P:好吧，那是個好消息。多么有趣?。〉R你的時間，謝謝了。The story of AtlantaAtlanta was a Greek princess. She was very beautiful and could run faster than any man in

30、Greece. But she was not allowed to run and win glory for herself in the Olympic Games. She was so angry that she said to her farther that she would not marry anyone who could not run faster than her. Her father said that she must marry, so Atlanta made a bargain with him. She said to him, “ These ar

31、e my rules. When a man says he wants to marry me, I will run against him. If he cannot run as fast as me, he will be killed. No one will be pardoned.”Many kings and princes wanted to marry Atlanta, but when they heard of her rules they knew it was hopeless. So many of them sadly went home, but other

32、s stayed to run the race. There was a man called Hippomenes who was amazed when he heard of Atlantas rules, “ Why are these men so foolish?” he thought. “ Why will they let themselves be killed because they cannot run as fast as this princess?” However, when he saw Atlanta come out of her house to r

33、un, Hippomenes changed his mind. “ I will marry Atlantaor die !“ he said.The race started and although the man ran very fast, Atlanta ran faster. As Hippomenes watched he thought, “ How can I run as fast as Atlanta?” He went to ask the Greek Goddess of Love for help. She promised to help him and gav

34、e him three golden apples. She said, “ Throw an apple in front of Atlanta when she is running past. When she stops to pick it up, you will be able to run past her and win.” Hippomenes took the apples and went to the King. He said, “ I want to marry Atlanta.” The King was sad to see another man die,

35、but Hippomenes said, “ I will marry her or die!” So the race began.亞特蘭大的故事亞特蘭大是一個希臘公主。她很漂亮并且可以跑得比希臘的任何一個男人都快。不過她不被允許在奧運會上跑步去為她自己贏得榮譽。她很生氣因此她跟她父親說她不會嫁任何跑不過她的男人。她父親說她必須要嫁，所以亞特蘭大與她父親定下一個條件。她對她父親說，“這是我的原則。如果有男人說想要嫁我，我會跟她賽跑。如果他跑不贏我，他會被殺。沒有人能被例外?！焙芏鄧鹾屯踝酉胍喬靥m大，不過當他們聽到這個規定的時候他們就知道自己沒希望了。所以他們當中的很多人都傷心地回家了，

36、不過其他的人都留著去賽跑。一個叫做希波墨涅斯的男人聽到亞特蘭大的消息后感到非常驚奇，他想“為什么這些男的都這么愚蠢呢？”“為什么他們會因為跑不過這個公主而讓自己被殺呢？”然而，當他看到亞特蘭大從她的房子出來跑步的時候，希波墨涅斯改變了他的心意。他說，“我會娶亞特蘭大或者死！”賽跑開始的時候雖然男人們都跑得很快，但是亞特蘭大總是會更快。希波墨涅斯邊看邊想，“我要怎樣才能贏過亞特蘭大呢？”他去向希臘的愛神求助。愛神答應幫他并給了他三個金蘋果。她說，“在亞特蘭大跑過你的時候扔一個在亞特蘭大面前。當亞特蘭大停下來去撿蘋果的時候，你就可以跑過她并贏得比賽。”希波墨涅斯拿著蘋果并跑去找國王。他說，“我想娶

37、亞特蘭大。”國王傷心地看著又一個男人要死，不過希波墨涅斯說，“我會娶她或者死！”然后賽跑開始了。Unit 3WHO AM I?Over time I have changed quite a lot.I began as a calculating machine in France in 1642.Although I was young I could simplify difficult sums.I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical

38、 machine by Charles Baggage.After I was programmed by an operator who used cards with holes,I could “thing”logically and produce an answer quicker than any person.At that time it was considered a technological revolution and the start of my “artificial intelligence”.In 1936 my real father,Alan Turin

39、g,wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a “universal machine”to solve any difficult mathematical problem.From then on,I grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower.By the 1940s I had grown as large as a room , and I wonders if I would grow any longer.However,this reality also worried my

40、designers. As time went by,I was made smaller .First as a PC(personal computer)and then as a laptop,I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.These changes only became possible as my memory improved. First it was stored in tubes,then on transistors and later on very small chips.As a resu

41、lt I totally changed my shape .As I have grown older I have also grown smaller .Over time my memory has developed so much that ,like an elephant,I never forget anything I have been told !And my memory became so large that even I couldnt believe it!But I was always so lonely standing there by myself,

42、until in the 1960s they gave me a family connected by a network .I was able to share my knowledge with others through the World Wide Web.Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me .I have become very important in communication,finance and trade I have also been put into robots and

43、used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations.I have even been put into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars .Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.I am now truly filled with happiness that I am a devoted friend and helper of the human r

44、ace !我是誰 隨著時間的推移我被改變了很多。在1642年的法國，我是作為一個計算機器而開始的。雖然我很年輕我可以簡化一些計算題。我很慢的發展了將近兩百年之后我才被Charles Babbage改造成分析機器。之后我被一個使用帶洞的卡得操作員編程可以邏輯地思考并且比任何人都快地得出答案。那是一個被成為技術改革的時候并且開始了我的人造智能。在1936年我真正的父親Alan Turing寫了一本關于我如何像通用機器一樣去解決任何困難的數學問題的書。從那起，我在體積和智能方面快速的發展。在1940年我變得像一個房間一樣大，并且我想知道我是否還能變得更大。然而，事實也在困擾著我的設計者。隨著時間的推

45、移，我被制的更小。首先是個人電腦再到后來的手提電腦，在1970年我已經開始被用在辦公室和家里。 這些變化變成了可能是隨著我的內存的改善。開始記憶被存放于電子管里，然后是晶體管和后來更小的晶片。因此我改變了我的整個外型。隨著我慢慢變老我也慢慢的變小。隨著時間推移我的記憶力發展的那么快，像頭大象，我不會忘記任何我曾被告知的東西！而且我的記憶力變得如此的大以至于我都不敢相信!不過我總是自己那么孤單的站在那里，直到1960年他們通過網絡給了我一個家庭關系。我能夠通過萬維網和其他的電腦分享我的知識。從1970年起很多新的應用為我而被發明。我在交流，金融和貿易方面變得重要。我同樣被放進遙控裝置中被用來制造

46、移動電話也幫助醫學手術。我已經被放進太空火箭并被送去探測月亮和火星。即使如此，我的目的是為人們提供高質量的生活。我現在充滿快樂因為我成為了人類的一個忠心的朋友和幫助者。ANDYTHE ANDROIDIm part of an an android football team .About once a year we are allowed to get together to play a game of football.Im as big as a human .In fact ,I look like one too.On the footballteam Im a striker s

47、o I have to be able to run very fast .My computer chips help me to mova and think like a human .For example ,I have learned to signal to my teammates in computer languages to give me the ball when I am open and have a good shot for a goal.My firat football competition was in Nagoya ,Japan several ye

48、ars ago .Last year our team went to Seattle ,Washington in the USA.We won tsecong place .Personally ,I think the team that won firsy place cheated .They had developed a new type of program just before the competition.So we need to encourage our programer to improve our intelligence too.We are determ

49、ined to create an even better system.In a way our programmet is like our coach.She programs us with moves to use if a new sitation arises.In this way I can make up new moves using my “artifical intelligence “.I would really like to play against a human team,for I have been programmed to act just lik

50、e them.After all,with the help of my electronic brain which never forgets anything , using my intelligence is what Im all about!機器人-Andy 我是一個機器人球隊的一份子。我們被允許在一齊踢足球大約一年了。我像一個人類一樣高大。事實上，我長得也像人類。在球隊里我是前鋒因此我要跑得非?？?。我的電腦芯片幫助我移動并且像人類一樣思考。例如，我已經學會了當我要開動去射一個好球的時候用電腦語言向我的隊友發信號讓他們把球傳給我。我的第一場足球比賽是在幾年前在日本的名古屋。去年我

51、們球隊去了美國華盛頓和西雅圖。我們勝利的第二個地方。就我個人觀點，我認為我們球隊第一次贏的地方是作弊的。他們已經在比賽之前一種新的程序類型。所以我們也要促進我們的程序去提高我們的智能。我們決心要去一種甚至更好的標志。一定程度上說我們的程序就像我們的教練。她訓練我們所有在人類比賽中她能看到的所有可能的動作。如果一種新情況出現她會準備可靠的動作去運用。用這種方式我可以用我的“人造只能”去制造新的動作。我能夠被編程成像人類一樣的表現我就可以真的與一隊人類球隊去比賽。畢竟，在我不會忘掉任何東西的電子腦袋的幫助下，我的所有就是用我的智能！Unit 4(1) How Daisy learned to he

52、lp wildlifeDaisy had always longed to help endangered species of wildlife.One day she woke up and found a flyingcarpet by her bed.“Where do you want to go?”it asked.Daiasy responded immediately.“Id like to see some endangered wildlife,”she said.“please take me to a distant land where I can find the

53、animal that gave fur to make this sweater.”At once the carpet flew away and took her to Tibet. There Daisy saw an antelope looking sad.It said,“We are being killed for the wool beneath our stomachs.Our fur is being used to make sweaters for people like you .As a reasult,we are now an endangered spec

54、ies.”At that Daisy cried,“Im sorry I didnt know that.I wonder what is being done to help you.Flying carpet,please show me a place where theres some wildlife protection.” The flying carpet travelled so fast that next minute they were in Zimbabwe.Daisy turned around and found that she was being watche

55、d by an elephant.“Have you come to take my photo?”it asked.In relief Daisy burst into laughter.“Dont laugh,”said the elephant,“We used to be an endangered species.Farmers hunted us without mercy.They said we destroyed their farms,and money from tourists only went to the large tour companies.So the g

56、overnment decided to help.They allowed tourists to hunt only a certain number of animals if they paid the farmers.Now the farmers are happy and our numbers are increasing.So good things are being done here to save local wildlife.” Daisy smiled.“Thats good news.It shows the importance of wildlife pro

57、tection,but Id like to help as the WWF suggests.”The carpetRose against and almost at once they were in a thick rainforest.A monkey Watched them as it rubbed itself.“What are you doing?”asked Daisy. “Im protecting myself from mosquitoes,”it replied.“When I find a milipede insect,I rub it over my bod

58、y.It contains a powerful drug which affect mosquitoes. You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how theanimals live together.No rainforest,no animals,no drugs.” Daisy was amazed.“Flying carpet,please take me home so I can tell WWFand we can begin producing this new

59、 drug.Monkey,please come and help,”The monkey agreed.The carpet flew home.As they landed,things begin to disappear.Two minutes later everything had gone-the monkey,too. So Daisy was not able to make her new drug.But what an experience!She had learned so much!And there was always WWF Daisy如何學習去幫助野生動物Daisy常?？释椭鸀l臨滅絕的種類的野生動物。一天她醒來發現一個