1、信息時代的管理信息系統-Chap008信息時代的管理信息系統-Chap008STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMESDefine ethics and describe the two factors that affect how you make a decision concerning an ethical issue.Define and describe intellectual property, copyright, Fair Use Doctrine, and pirated software.Describe privacy and describe ways i

2、n which it can be threatened.Describe the ways in which information on your computer or network is vulnerable and list measures you can take to protect it.8-3SHE LOST $400,000 TO AN E-MAIL SCAM“419” e-mails are a popular type of scam419 scams promise you, in an e-mail, that you will get rich if you

3、ante up a small feeJanella Spears took the bait and spent $400,000 trying to collect her fortuneShe even cashed in her husbands retirement to get the money to send the crooks8-4Case Study QuestionsWhat do you think about this true story?Have you ever been caught in a scam? How did you feel when you

4、discovered that you had been fooled?What would you do if you knew that your parent was being complicity in his or her own victimization?8-5INTRODUCTIONHandling information responsibly means understanding the following issuesEthicsPersonal privacyThreats to informationProtection of information8-6CHAP

5、TER ORGANIZATIONEthicsLearning Outcomes #1 & #2PrivacyLearning Outcome #3SecurityLearning Outcome #48-7ETHICSEthics the principles and standards that guide our behavior toward other peopleEthics are rooted in history, culture, and religion8-8Factors the Determine How You Decide Ethical IssuesAct

6、ions in ethical dilemmas determined byYour basic ethical structureThe circumstances of the situationYour basic ethical structure determines what you consider to beMinor ethical violationsSerious ethical violationsVery serious ethical violations8-9Basic Ethical Structure8-10Circumstances of the Situa

7、tionConsequences of the action or inactionSocietys opinion of the action or inactionLikelihood of effect of action or inactionTime to consequences of action or inactionRelatedness of people who will be affected by action or inactionReach of result of action or inaction8-11Intellectual PropertyIntell

8、ectual property intangible creative work that is embodied in physical formCopyright legal protection afforded an expression of an ideaFair Use Doctrine may use copyrighted material in certain situations8-12Intellectual PropertyUsing copyrighted software without permission violates copyright lawPirat

9、ed software the unauthorized use, duplication, distribution, or sale of copyrighted software8-13PRIVACYPrivacy the right to left alone when you want to be, to have control over your own personal possessions, and not to be observed without your consentDimensions of privacyPsychological: to have a sen

10、se of controlLegal: to be able to protect yourself8-14Privacy and Other IndividualsKey logger (key trapper) software a program that, when installed on a computer, records every keystroke and mouse clickScreen capture programs capture screen from video cardE-mail is stored on many computers as it tra

11、vels from sender to recipientHardware key logger hardware device that captures keystrokes moving between keyboard and motherboard.Event Data Recorders (EDR) located in the airbag control module and collects data from your car as you are driving.8-15An E-Mail is Stored on Many Computers8-16Identity T

12、heftIdentity theft the forging of someones identity for the purpose of fraud8-17Identity TheftPhishing (carding, brand spoofing) a technique to gain personal information for the purpose of identity theftNEVERReply without question to an e-mail asking for personal informationClick directly on a Web s

13、ite provided in such an e-mail8-18Identity Theft8-19PharmingPharming - rerouting your request for a legitimate Web site sending it to a slightly different Web addressor by redirecting you after you are already on the legitimate sitePharming is accomplished by gaining access to the giant databases th

14、at Internet providers use to route Web traffic. It often works because its hard to spot the tiny difference in the Web site address.8-20Privacy and EmployeesCompanies need information about their employees to run their business effectivelyAs of March 202X, 60% of employers monitored employee e-mails

15、70% of Web traffic occurs during work hours78% of employers reported abuse60% employees admitted abuse8-21Privacy and EmployeesVisiting inappropriate sitesGaming, chatting, stock trading, social networking, etc.8-22Reasons for MonitoringHire the best people possibleEnsure appropriate behavior on the

16、 jobAvoid litigation for employee misconduct8-23Privacy and ConsumersConsumers want businesses toKnow who they are, but not to know too muchProvide what they want, but not gather information on themLet them know about products, but not pester them with advertising8-24CookiesCookie a small file that

17、contains information about you and your Web activities, which a Web site places on your computerHandle cookies by usingWeb browser cookie management optionBuy a program that manages cookies8-25SpamSpam unsolicited e-mail from businesses advertising goods and servicesGets past spam filters by Inserti

18、ng extra charactersInserting HTML tags that do nothingReplying usually increases, rather than decreases, amount of spam8-26Adware and SpywareAdware software to generate ads that installs itself when you download another programSpyware (sneakware, stealthware) software that comes hidden in downloaded

19、 software and helps itself to your computer resources8-27Adware in Free Version of Eudora8-28Trojan Horse SoftwareTrojan horse software software you dont want inside software you do wantSome ways to detect Trojan horse softwareAdAware at The Cleaner at Trojan First Aid Kit (TFAK)Check it out before

20、you download at 8-29Web LogsWeb log one line of information for every visitor to a Web siteClickstream records information about you during a Web surfing session such as what Web sites you visited, how long you were there, what ads you looked at, and what you bought.Anonymous Web browsing (AWB) hide

21、s your identity from the Web sites you visitThe Anonymizer at SuftSecret at 8-30Privacy and Government AgenciesAbout 2,000 government agencies have databases with information on peopleGovernment agencies need information to operate effectivelyWhenever you are in contact with government agency, you l

22、eave behind information about yourself8-31Government Agencies Storing Personal InformationLaw enforcementNCIC (National Crime Information Center)FBIElectronic SurveillanceCarnivore or DCS-1000Magic Lantern (software key logger)NSA (National Security Agency)Echelon collect electronic information by s

23、atellite8-32Government Agencies Storing Personal InformationIRSCensus BureauStudent loan servicesFICASocial Security AdministrationSocial service agenciesDepartment of Motor Vehicles8-33Laws on PrivacyHealth Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) protects personal health informationFinancial Services Modernization Act requires that financial institutions protect personal customer informationOther laws in Figure 8.6 on page 2448-34SECURITY AND EMPLOYEESAttacks on information and computer resources come from inside and outside the companyComputer sab