1、高三公開課高三公開課 語法復習之被動語態語法復習之被動語態 預習目標 將常用時態的被動語態羅列出來 如現在完成時的 主動語態 被動語態 have/has done have has been done 時態時態主動語態主動語態被動語態被動語態一般現在時一般現在時do/does一般過去時一般過去時did一般將來時一般將來時will do 過去將來時過去將來時would do 現在完成時現在完成時have/has done過去完成時過去完成時had done現在進行時現在進行時am/is/are doing過去進行時過去進行時was/were doing動詞時態和語態的結構動詞時態和語態的結構am

2、/is/are donewas/were done will be donewould be donehave/has been donehad been doneam/is/are being donewas/ were being done學以致用學以致用 1. A new cinema _ here. They hope to finish it next month. A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built 2. Why did you leave that position? I _ a bet

3、ter position at IBM. A. offer B. offered C. am offered D. was offered 3. More than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to study medicine last year. A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent學以致用學以致用 4. The moment the 28th Olympic Games _ open, the whole world cheered. A. declared B. have

4、 been declared C. have declared D. were declared 5. John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it _ seriously. A. damaged B. was being damaged C. had damaged D. had been damaged1“get 過去分詞過去分詞”形式形式 表示被表示被動動 我的自行車昨晚被偷了。我的自行車昨晚被偷了。 你沒有太多時間換衣服了。你沒有太多時間換衣服了。My bike got stolen last night.You do

5、nt have enough time to get changed.2.主動形式表示被動意義 (1).這件毛衣很好洗。 This sweater _washes_(wash) well. (2)你的文章好讀。 Your article _reads_ (read) well. (3)這些花聞起來很香。 The flowers _smell_ (smell) sweet. (4). 這種布料易干. This kind of cloth dries easily. 典型例題典型例題.Water at 100. In such hot weather, it wont take much time

6、 to boil water. A. boilsB. is boiled C. will boil D. is boiling 主動形式表示被動意義也是高考考查動詞的時主動形式表示被動意義也是高考考查動詞的時態和語態的熱點之一。態和語態的熱點之一。當謂語動詞被用來說明主語當謂語動詞被用來說明主語的性質或特征時，往往用主動表示被動的性質或特征時，往往用主動表示被動，因為此時，因為此時的謂語動詞并不強調是一個被動的動作。的謂語動詞并不強調是一個被動的動作。【解題探究】【解題探究】 A。“水在水在100會沸騰會沸騰”這是一種客觀這是一種客觀事實，也是水的一種性質，故選事實，也是水的一種性質，故選A。

7、又如：。又如：The knife cuts sharply.這把刀很鋒利。這把刀很鋒利。3 一些系動詞的主動式形容詞。常見動look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等。例如：The apples taste good./ The flower smells wonderful./ The news proved/turned out true./ Cotton feels soft. 【經典考例】 I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend. _ good. （2006湖北卷，

8、29） A. Sound B. Sounded C. Sounding D. Sounds 解析：答案為解析：答案為D。滑雪聽起來是個。滑雪聽起來是個不錯的主意。不錯的主意。sound 作為系動詞，作為系動詞，它沒有被動語態和進行時態。它沒有被動語態和進行時態。4 不定式在某些形容詞之后，且與主語有動賓關系。常見形容詞有： hard,difficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable, convenient,impossible等。 例如：The problem is easy to do./The question is difficult to answer

9、./The box is heavy to carry./ The project is impossible to complete in a year. 比較：The problem is to be done./The question is to be answered. 沒有形容詞時，雖然不定式與主語是動賓關系，但必須用被動式。5 使役動詞和感官動詞帶有復合賓語，變為被動語態時，將賓語變為主語保留原來的賓補，并還原在主動語態中省略了的不定式符號to .I hear the girl sing English songs. The girl is heard to sing Engli

10、sh songs. 主動語態 make/let/have/see/hear sb do sth 被動語態 sb be made/let/had/seen/heard to do sth典型例題 The workers were made _ ten hours a day. A. work B. to work C. working D. worked6 want, need, require,和be worth等詞的后面可以用動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義。 The book is worth reading. （值得一讀）The coat requires mending. （需要縫補） T

11、he children needs looking after. （需要照看）The table wants cleaning. （需打掃）7非謂語動詞的被動語態 The building to be built is a new cinema. The car being repaired is mine. 例題11. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed A.C. be

12、ing opened and closedD. to open and closeC。本題考查非謂語動詞作定語。過去分詞作定語表完成、被動；不定。本題考查非謂語動詞作定語。過去分詞作定語表完成、被動；不定式作定語表將來；現在分詞作定語，表示正在進行。本題題意為：式作定語表將來；現在分詞作定語，表示正在進行。本題題意為：在在開始上課時，在教室外面就能聽到開關課桌的聲音。表示開關課桌的開始上課時，在教室外面就能聽到開關課桌的聲音。表示開關課桌的動作正在進行，因此用現在分詞作定語。動作正在進行，因此用現在分詞作定語。8被動語態與系表結構的區別 被動語態中的過去分詞是動詞，表示被動語態中的過去分詞是動

13、詞，表示動作動作；系表；系表結構中的過去分詞相當于形容詞，表示結構中的過去分詞相當于形容詞，表示狀態狀態。 These things are sold quickly.（被動語態） 這些東西賣得很快。 These things are all sold out.（系表結構） 這些東西已經賣完了。 常使用系表結構的詞有：be seated坐著，be hidden躲藏，be lost迷路，be drunk喝醉，be dressed穿著，be devoted to致力于；獻身，be determined決定判斷被動語態與系表結構 （1）Such questions are often settled

14、 through negotiations. 這類問題通常通過談判解決。 （2）The question is settled. 這個問題解決了。（被動語態）（系表結構） 表狀態的這些詞，做狀語 Seated in the front row, Tom was listening carefully. Dressed in red, she looks pretty. Lost in the mountain for a week , he was finally rescued by the local police. Devoted to the Party, the young sold

15、ier gave his life for his country 課堂練習 1【2011天津卷天津卷,3】In the last few years thousands of films_ all over the world. A.have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced【答案】【答案】B【考點】考查動詞的時態和語態。【考點】考查動詞的時態和語態。【解析】句意為【解析】句意為“在過去的幾年時間里，全世界制在過去的幾年時間里，全世界制作了成千上萬部電影。作了成千上萬部電影。”in th

16、e last few years在在過去的幾年時間里，其實是從過去算到現在，是現過去的幾年時間里，其實是從過去算到現在，是現在完成時的標志。選在完成時的標志。選B。2 【2011上海春招,32】A lot of people often forget that oral exams_ to test our communicative ability. A. design B. are designed C. are designingD. are being designed【答案】【答案】B【考點】考查動詞的時態和語態。【考點】考查動詞的時態和語態。【解析】句意為【解析】句意為“很多人經常

17、忘記設計口語測試是用來很多人經常忘記設計口語測試是用來檢測我們的交際能力的。檢測我們的交際能力的。”一般現在時表示經常性動作一般現在時表示經常性動作或狀態時，常與或狀態時，常與often, always, usually, sometimes, every day等時間狀語連用。等時間狀語連用。oral exams與與design的關的關系存在著被動，故選系存在著被動，故選B。3 .【2011四川卷,9】All visitors to this village _ with kindness. A. treat B. are treated C. are treating D. had bee

18、n treated【答案】【答案】B【考點】考查動詞的時態和語態。【考點】考查動詞的時態和語態。【解析】句意為【解析】句意為“所有到這個村子的來訪者都會受到善意所有到這個村子的來訪者都會受到善意的接待。的接待。”表示經常性或習慣性的動作，用一般現在時。表示經常性或習慣性的動作，用一般現在時。來訪者與招待存在著被動關系。由于沒有交代過去時間，來訪者與招待存在著被動關系。由于沒有交代過去時間，had been treated過去的過去不能用。因此選過去的過去不能用。因此選B。4 .【2011湖南卷,34】In the near future, more advances in the robot

19、technology_by scientists. A. are making B. are made C. will make D. will be made【答案】【答案】D【考點】考查動詞的時態和語態。【考點】考查動詞的時態和語態。【解析】句意為【解析】句意為“在不久的將來，科學家將會在在不久的將來，科學家將會在機器人技術上取得更大的進展。機器人技術上取得更大的進展。”in the near future表明了將來的時間，表明了將來的時間，more advances與與 make主謂關系上存在著被動，故選主謂關系上存在著被動，故選D。5. I need one more stamp be

20、fore my collection_. A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed析：析：complete是及物動詞，是及物動詞，“郵集郵集”是被人完成是被人完成的，須從表被動意的的，須從表被動意的C、D中選擇。又因中選擇。又因before等等引導的時間狀語從句中謂語要用一般現在時表將引導的時間狀語從句中謂語要用一般現在時表將來，所以此題答案為來，所以此題答案為D。6 6. The flowers were so lovely that they _ in no time. A. soldB. had

21、 been sold C. were sold D. would sellC。本題考查動詞的時態和語態。由句意可知此。本題考查動詞的時態和語態。由句意可知此處應用被動語態，故排除處應用被動語態，故排除A、D兩項；由兩項；由were so lovely與與sell不分先后關系可排除不分先后關系可排除B項。項。7 7. As the years passed, many occasions birthdays, awards, graduations _ with Dads flowers. A. are marked B. were marked C. have marked D. had ma

22、rkedB。as從句用了一般過去時，主從句時態從句用了一般過去時，主從句時態應一致。應一致。occasions與與mark之間為被動關之間為被動關系。系。8. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _ yet. A. hasnt been decided B. havent decided C. isnt being decided D. arent decidedA。本題考查動詞的時態與語態。句意為：詹。本題考查動詞的時態與語態。句意為：詹姆斯教授要給我們作關于西方文化的講座，但姆斯教授要給我們作關于西方文化的講座，但時間和地點還沒決定。由時間和地點還沒決定。由yet可看出用完成時，可看出用完成時，又因時間與地點是被決定的，故應用被動語態。又因時間與地點是被決定的，故應用被動語態。 9 9. I got caught in the rain and my suit _. A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined. C。ruin表示的動作發生在表示的動作發生在got ca