1、2018年甘肅省蘭州市高三第一次診斷考試英語試題第一部分  閱讀理解（共兩節，滿分40分）第一節（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D 四個選項中，選出最佳選項。 ATravel experts across the globe publish much-anticipated lists that aim to excite readers about upcoming travel trends. Here is a 2018 list that urges travelers to explore new cities, try new

2、food, experience new cultures and gain new views.ChileThis long, skinny slice of South America successfully packs a powerful punch, with strange charms in Valparaiso, excellent wine in the Maipo Valley and diverse landscapes across the Arcadian Desert, Chilean Patagonia and Easter Island.Flying is t

3、he most convenient way to get around, but flights are not cheap. Buses are more wallet-friendly, and Chiles bus system is efficient, but bus journeys can easily take 17 to 36 hours.MontenegroThe countrys coastline is its best feature, and its winding coastal roads and mountain-meets-ocean scenery cr

4、eate the perfect background for a road trip. Sleepy seaside towns along the Bay of Kotor are home to mom-and-pop restaurants and elegant hotels, while the walled city of Koror offers views of the classic red rooftops of the Adriatic.MadagascarMadagascar，the worlds fourth-largest island one of the mo

5、st biodiverse (生物多樣的) places on the planet, has been rapidly affected by climate change.Visiting the country can serve as an educational opportunity for travelers who want to understand the bad effects of global warming and irresponsible human actions, Some cant-miss experiences in Madagascar includ

6、e swimming and snorkeling around Nosy Be, spotting lemurs (狐猴) in Ranomafana National Park, admiring the rocky landscapes of Isalo National Park and a sunset walk along the Avenue of the Baobabs.Abu Dhabi, the UAEAfter 10 years of planning and nearly $2 billion in costs, the Louvre Abu Dhabi celebra

7、ted its grand opening on Nov. 11, 2017. Now, lovers of art and architecture are racing to the United Arab Emirates capital to sec its newest feat of modern design - the product of French architect Jean Nouvel. The Louvre Abu Dhabis slogan, “see humanity in a new light”, draws attention to the museum

8、 mission to emphasize the commonalities and celebrate the differences between Eastern and Western art. While in Abu Dhabi, travelers can also check out the citys other famous architectural wonder - Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque - which was rated the worlds second-best landmark in TripAdvisors 2017

9、Travelers Choice Awards.1. Which of the following is a disadvantage of travelling by bus in Chile?A. It is very expensive.B. It may not help you save time.C. Buses dont run at busy hours.D. Buses are always very crowded.2. What do you know about travelling in Madagascar from the passage?A. Its much

10、cheaper lo go around by bus than by plane.B. You can take a good trip along the beautiful coastal roads.C. You can learn more about the impacts of climate change,D. Its a good chance to sec green mountains and red rooftops.3. If you are interested in art and architecture, you can travel to _.A. Chil

11、e B. Montenegro C. Madagascar D. Abu Dhabi, the UAEBA successful businessman, addressing the commercial club of his city, told a story of an orphan (孤兒) named Jim.Jim was 12 years old, who was the laughing stock of the whole town. He never remembered having a kind word spoken to him i

12、n his whole life. One day as Jim walked down the street, he saw some flowers slip from a little ladys arms just in front of him. Jim gathered up the flowers and replaced them in her arms. “Thank you, dear; you are a nice little boy.” she said kindly, and went on her way after giving him a bright smi

13、le.Jim was amazed. These were the first kind words he had ever heard in his whole twelve years of existence. He stood and stared after her until she was out of sight, then he made straight for a stream. He sat down on the bank of the stream and did some thinking. “Thank you, dear; you are a nice lit

14、tle boy,” he thought. Finally the boy pulled from his pockets a piece of broken mirror and looked at himself. He saw nothing but dirt. He went down to the water and washed his face carefully, almost painfully. Then he looked again. He scarcely recognized himself. He stood straight and looked up inst

15、ead of down for the first time since he could remember.A feeding of self-respect awoke within his being. At that moment the course of his life was changed; a determination to be worthy of the kind words spoken to him by the little lady, and to pass them on, took possession of his soul. After telling

16、 this story of Jim, the speaker paused and then he shocked the audience by saying, “Gentlemen, I was that boy. That gentle woman implanted in my life the first seed of kindness. As a tribute to her memory I have told you this story.”4. What does the author mean by “the laughing stock” in paragraph 2

17、?A. Jim liked playing jokes on others.B. Jim was always laughed at by others,C. Jim was good at making others happy.D. Jim had interest in telling funny stories.5. Which of the following words can be used to describe the lady?A. Brave.    B. Clever.   C. Friendly.&

18、#160;  D. Honest.6. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Jim wanted people to say kind words to others.B. The lady became very famous because of that story.C. It was the first time for Jim to tell his story to others.D. Jim made a tot of money by telling his stories to others.7. Wh

19、at is the best title for the text?A. A Story of Jim   B. A Good Lady   C. A Kind Word   D. A Successful BusinessmanCChildren all over the world who have tried the potato or lemon battery experiments know that an electrical current can be generated by creating a rea

20、ction between the food and two different metals. However, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have found a way to harvest power from trees. They use the same metal for both electrodes (電極) specifically in order not to confuse this effect with the potato effect.While proving that

21、 trees can provide a source of power is a significant step, a key question remains: can the tiny voltage (電壓) produced by a tree be used for anything useful? Now scientists are debating over how to use this power source for human benefits.The most practical thing is fire alarm for forest department,

22、 originating from the tree itself. Trees electric power can charge a battery. This battery in turn will be connected to a small sensor. This sensor will power a brief radio transmission (傳送). That radio signal will transport daily soil and air condition measurements to a network of much larger, sola

23、r powered Forest- Service environmental monitoring stations. Those sensors wilt also give out a crisis signal in the event of a sudden rise in-air temperature-that might indicate the outbreak of a forest fire.“I truly believe it has potential,” said Victoria Henderson, branch chief for equipment and

24、 chemicals at the Forest Serviced National Interagency Fire Center. “If this can enhance (提高) our existing technology to a degree that would gain us a lot more fire protection, then wed look at a plan to purchase it for our nationwide infrastructure (基礎設施), which is huge.”Researchers have discovered

25、 that the greater the pH difference between the tree and the soil the more the energy will be produced. Some researchers also admit that “tree power” isnt as practical as solar energy, but believe that the system could be scaled-up as a low-cost option for powering tree sensors that help detect envi

26、ronmental conditions or forest fires, Using the electronic output to keep track of a trees health is another possibility.8. Why does the author mention the potato battery experiment in the first paragraph?A. To explain what it is.B. To stress the importance of electricity.C. To introduce the power s

27、ource from trees.D. To encourage people to try this experiment.9. What do we know about the fire alarm mentioned in the third paragraph?A. The fire alarm can make a very loud sound.B. Smoke from a fire can cause the alarm to go off.C. The electric power it needs comes from the tree.D. It has been wi

28、dely used in the forest department.10. Whats Victoria Hendersons attitude towards the fire alarm system?A. Cautious.    B. Favorable.   C. Disapproving.    D. Unconcerned,11. What causes trees to create electrical currents?A. The sensor implanted in

29、the tree.B. The new way adopted by the researchers.C. The special metal used in the battery experiment.D. The pH difference between the soil and the trees.DIn the last few years, you may have noticed the terra “microplastics” in the news. Microplastics are tiny pieces of plastic from discarded (丟棄的)

30、 plastic bottles, bags and containers that end up in rivers, lakes and oceans. Because they are so tiny and hard to see, researchers set sail to collect water samples and estimate the amount of plastic in the ocean. The 5 Gyres Institute, an organization aimed at reducing plastics pollution in our o

31、ceans, estimates that 296,000 tons of plastic are floating in the worlds oceans. But, if you think that oceans are the only water bodies with a micropiastics problem, think again - the problem is also reported in the Chesapeake Bay, in our own backyard.In a partnership with the 5 Gyres Institute, Tr

32、ash Free Maryland took to the Chesapeake Bay in November to study the presence of micropiastics in the water. Setting out from Deale, Md., the research team collected seven samples by dragging a trawl (拖網) for an hour at a time. The trawl was fitted with a cone-shaped (錐形的) net, whose holes measure

33、330 microns (微米) wide, about the width of two to three strands of human hair. Water flows through the main opening and the fine mesh (網眼) of net ensures anything suspended m the water is trapped behind.In seven samples, the net picked up algae (海藻) trash, foam and plastic. According to the 5 Gyres I

34、nstitute representative, the first sample collected contained almost 10 times the amount of plastic than would be collected in a typical ocean sample. The plastic found in the Chesapeake Bay samples included bits of bags, sheeting, fishing line and microbeads, which are small plastic scrubbers mm fo

35、und in face wash, toothpaste and cleaning products. Microbeads in particular are a major source of microplastics pollution worldwide. They are small enough to bypass water treatment systems filters (過濾器) and end up in waterways. Scientists warn that chemicals and toxins (毒素) absorbed by microbeads a

36、nd other micropiastics could be passed on to organisms who mistake them for food and eat them, and could then be passed up higher and higher on the food chain, eventually reaching humans.12. What is the second paragraph mainly about?A. The description of the trawl.B. The basic data of the water samp

37、les.C. The process of collecting water samples.D. The introduction of Trash Free Maryland.13. What does the underlined word “They” in the last paragraph refer to?A. Bits of bags. B. Chemicals. C. Microbeads. D. Micropiastics.14. How docs the author prove plastics pollution can be harm

38、ful to people s health?A. By analyzing the data. B. By making comparisons.C. By giving some examples. D. By referring to scientists views.15. Whats the authors purpose in writing this passage?A. To explain some new scientific terms to people.B. To let people learn more about plastics pollu

39、tion.C. To urge governments to make environmental laws.D. To tell people some new findings in scientific research.第二節（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。What is friendship? The answers may be different. _16_. We cannot live without friendship just as we cannot live without air

40、 and water. Friendship gives us a feeling of safety and warmth, and friendship encourages us to go ahead all the time._17_. When we feel happy, we can share our happiness with friends. When we feel down, friends will comfort us. If we are overconfident, our friends can persuade us, and they can make

41、 us confident and brave when we are discouraged.Friendship is valuable. It can touch your heart and give you hope. Many people are proud of having a good friend. _18_. If you help your friends for no reason but simply because they are your friends, this means that you regard your friends as yourself

42、. This is true friendship.In fact, friendship isnt always easily kept. _19_, you should treat him or her like you want to be treated. Keep the secrets that your friend tells you. Keep your promise with your friend. Share things with your friend. Stick up for your friend. We should try our best to pr

43、otect the friendship from being hurt. As an old saying goes, “Friendship cannot stand always on one side.” True friendship should be able to stand ail kinds of tests.Because of friendship, our lives are full of happiness. Therefore, the more friends we have, the more pleasure we can share with them.

44、 Lets say “Thank you” to our friends for their love and care. _20_, never forget to keep the beautiful friendship!A. When you want to keep a friendB. If not, their friendship still cannot last longC. No matter where we go or who we becomeD. Everyone needs friends and is eager to get friendshipE. Tru

45、e friendship must be sincere and must not have conditionsF. But one thing is clear that friendship is the most important thing in our lifeG. Sometimes people have good friends when they are young and studying in school.第二部分  語言知識運用（共兩節，滿分45分）第一節（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，

46、選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。My daughter Kelly is a cautious person. She needs to warm up to situations, and is _21_ to try new things. When with close friends, she becomes a _22_ who laughs loudly and chants, “Girls rule, boys drool.” But when that _23_ zone is not around her, she is shy and _24_.This has been c

47、hallenging for me _25_. “Shy” is not a word that I think has ever been used to _26_ me. But this has been a year of _27_ for my girl that has filled her with a new sense of _28_. This year she moved to lap lane in swimming where she was preparing for a swim team. This year she teamed to ride a bike

48、without training wheels. And this year she _29_ her first kids triathlon (三項全能).On Saturday, with a thunderstorm coming soon and my sons birthday party later in the day, we all went out in the dark of the morning for Kelly to _30_ her first triathlon. We practiced transitions from swim to _31_ and t

49、o run with her. We got all the equipment shed need and we kept talking about the _32_. But as we waited the two hours for the older kids to finish before her _33_, she _34_ my leg a little harder and told me she loved me a few too many times. She was nervous but trying to keep calm. And then it was

50、time for her to go. From the second she jumped into the water, my heart _35_ quickly. My daughter _36_ into the most confident human being I had ever seen. She dominated that swim, crushed that bike ride and ran to the _37_ with the biggest smile on her face.I can honestly say that I never felt so _

51、38_ of someone in my entire life. It wasnt because she did a sport or anything like that. It was because she was afraid of something and _39_ that fear with confidence and a fire I hadnt seen before.All day I would find myself just looking over at her and smiling. She might be wearing the finalist m

52、edal but I felt like I _40_ that clay.21. A. brave B. eager C. hesitant D. willing22. A. troublemaker B. leader C. thinker D. fighter23. A. comfort B. danger C. hardship D. compromise24. A. scary B. nervous C. painful D. thrilled25. A. some

53、 times B. some time C. on time D. at times26. A. attract B. catch C. describe D. meet27. A. firsts B. seconds C. finals D. ends28. A. circumstance B. confidence C. coincidence D. dependence29. A. defeated B. lost C. completed 

54、;D. quitted30. A. arrange B. attend C. achieve D. accompany31. A. bus B. bike C. taxi D. motorcycle32. A. race B. life C. test D. assignment33. A. chance B. turn C. failure D. success34. A. held B. pressed C. squeezed D. scra

55、tched35. A. settled B. arose C. sank D. rose36. A. translated B. transplanted C. transformed D. transported37. A. stand B. summit C. deadline D. finish38. A. ashamed B. sensible C. proud D. critical39. A. seized B. conquered C. gr

56、asped D. possessed40. A. won B. lost C. reserved D. removed第二節（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。Parkour (跑酷) is a sport which trains people to deal with any physical obstacles in their path. It is not a competition but a physical training. A person joining in p

57、arkour is called a traceur. Traceurs run along a path and use only their bodies to deal with the obstacles in the most efficient way. Parkour pays more attention to efficiency, 41 (make) it different from the similar practice of free running. Parkour 42 (common) includes running jumping, climbing, r

58、olling and other similar types of physical movements. Many teenagers think that parkour is quite 43 cool sport. They have great interest in it.The 44 (invent) of parkour cant 45 (give) to one person because many people have worked on it. A French officer developed the earlier form of parkour. The term “parkour” was first introduced by David Belle and Sebastian Foucan in the early 1980s. 46 that time, they were two teenagers. This sport 47 (become) more popular in the 1990s when many films were made on it.