1、Chinese PaintinguIntroduction vChinese traditional painting dates back to the Neolithic Period about six thousand years ago. vThe coloured pottery with painted animals, fish, deer, and frogs excavated in the 1920s indicate that during the Neolithic Period the Chinese had already started to use brush

2、es to paint. Chinese traditional painting is highly regarded throughout the world for its theory, expression, and techniques.v According to the means of expression, Chinese painting can be divided into two categories: the xieyi school and the gongbi school. The xieyi school and the gongbi school. vT

3、he xieyi school is marked by exaggerated forms and freehand brush work. vXieyi, however, is the fundamental approach to Chinese painting. It constitues an aesthetic theory which, above all, emphasizes the sentiments. Even in ancient times, Chinese artists were unwilling to be restrained by reality.

4、A famous artist of the Jin Dynasty Gu Kaizhi (c. 345-406) was the first to put forward the theory of making the form show the spirit. In his opinion a painting should serve as a means to convey not only the appearance of an object, but express how the artist looks at it. Gus views were followed by t

5、heories such as likeness in spirit resides in unlikeness and a painting should be something between likeness and unlikeness. Guided by these theories, Chinese artists disregard the limitations of proportion, perspective, and light. Take Qi Baishi, the modern painter, for example. He does not paint s

6、hrimps, insects, birds, and flowers as they are in nature; only their essence has shown as a result of the artists long-term observation and profound understanding of the subjects. The gongbi school.vThe gongbi school is characterized by close attention to detail and fine brush work. Different from

7、Western paintings va Chinese painting is not restricted by the focal point in its perspective. The artist may paint on a long and narrow piece of paper or silk all the scenes along the Yangtse River. It can be said that the adoption of shifting perspective is one of the characteristics of Chinese pa

8、inting. vWhy do the Chinese artists emphasize the shifting perspective? They want to break away from the restrictions of time and space and to include in their pictures both things which are far and things which are near. Also, the artists find that in life people view their surroundings from a mobi

9、le focal point. vChinese calligraphy and Chinese painting are closely related because lines are used in both. For different subjects and different purposes a variety of lines are used. They may be straight or curved, hard or soft, thick or thin, pale or dark, and the ink may be dry or running. The u

10、se of lines and strokes is one of the elements that give Chinese painting its unique qualities Traditional Chinese painting is a combination in the same picture of the arts of poetry, calligraphy, painting, and seal engraving. For example：v In ancient times most artists were poets and calligraphers.

11、 v Su Dongpo (1037-1101), Ni Yunlin (1306-1374), and Dong Qichang (1555-1636) were such artists. Wang Xizhi (321 379 A.C.) Su DongpovSu Shi (1037 1101), the word Zizhan, and the word SIN, Dongpo justify, the Southern Song Dynasty Emperor Gaozong North Korea, presented Taishi, recovery Shi, Wen-zhong

12、, Meizhou Meishan (Ji Jin Meishan in Sichuan), Su Xun is the eldest son of his father, the Northern Song Dynasty is well-known writer, painting, Wang Xizhivstyled Yishao, was born in Langya of Linyi (Linyi is a city in Shandong Province today) and resided in Shanyin Huaiji (Shaoxing is a city in Zhi

13、jiang province today) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He was skilful in painting and calligraphy, and the Chinese characters he wrote is graceful, exquisite and statuesque. He, as a famous calligraphist in our country has exerted tremendous influence on the later generations. Therefore, he acquired the

14、title of “Calligraphy Sage” in China. He was a man of broad-minded, and very fond of the scenery with hills and water . 蘭亭序vWhile viewing the reasons of the sighs with emotion of the ancients, if it evokes my sympathy，I always sigh of sorrow but cannot explain why it is？ I originally understand that

15、 the thoughts such as life is equated with death is only an absurd and so-called that no body has long age more than a died young child and Pangzu，who lived to the age of eight hundred，is also merely a short age person are the preposterous opus. I consider, that the later generations regard contempo

16、rary is same as the contemporary regard their ancients！How sad it is？ So in this paper，I appraised the current people on a list and wrote down their brilliant expositions. Though their experiences and affairs were very different, from the viewpoint of sighs with emotion, their results are the same.

17、The readers of later generations, I consider，would have the same feeling that I expressed in this preface.vAncient artists liked to paint pines, bamboo, and plum blossoms. When inscriptions like Exemplary conduct and nobility of character were made, those plants were meant to embody the qualities of

18、 people who were upright and were ready to help each other under hard conditions. vSince the turn of the century, China has experienced great political, economic, and cultural changes, and the art of painting is no exception. While traditional Chinese painting still occupies an important place in th

19、e life of modern Chinese, many painters now desire to express their experience of new times. By combining new modes of expression with traditional Chinese painting techniques, they are opening up a vast, new world of artistic expression. vThe two main techniques in Chinese painting are:vMeticulous -

20、 Gong-bi (工筆) often referred to as court-style paintingvFreehand - Shui-mo (水墨) loosely termed watercolour or brush painting. The Chinese character mo means ink and shui means water. This style is also referred to as xie yi (寫意) or freehand style.vMany critics consider landscape to be the highest fo

21、rm of Chinese painting. The time from the Five Dynasties period to the Northern Song period (9071127) is known as the Great age of Chinese landscape. In the north, artists such as Jing Hao, Fan Kuan, and Guo Xi painted pictures of towering mountains, using strong black lines, ink wash, and sharp, do

22、tted brushstrokes to suggest rough stone. In the south, Dong Yuan, Juran, and other artists painted the rolling hills and rivers of their native countryside in peaceful scenes done with softer, rubbed brushwork. These two kinds of scenes and techniques became the classical styles of Chinese landscape painting.vQi Baishi vPortrait of Qi Baishi on a Soviet stamp vBorn January 1, 1864(1864-01-01)vXiangtan, Hunan vDied September 16, 1957 (aged