1、DesignofMovableGantryCNCMillingMachineZHANGJianAbstract:thispaperdescribesthencmillingroller,theoveralldesignandanalysesthebilateralsuper-modulusgearpairofdrivingmechanismofthemainpointsofdesign,installationguidesurfaceoftheXaxisisintroducedinthispaperKeywords:mobilencmillingdesignThismachineismainl

2、yusedformetalpartsoftheplaneandinclinedplanework.Ithasenoughrigidity,MillingheadadoptsmillingheadinTaiwan,Millingheadwithflexible,Spindlemotorisfrequencyconversionmotor.Itcanundertakesteplessspeed,Ensureaccuracyofmachinetoolsandmachiningprecisionhasgoodstability,Thismachineisofhighefficiencyandexerc

3、ise,Forconvenience,makethedrivemorereliableandconvenientinmaintenance,lessconsumption,beautifulmodelling,etc,widelyusedinmechanicalmanufacturingindustry.ThispaperdescribedthemobileCNCmillingreferstolongmenframeworkVerticalmillingmovement.Thebiggestadvantageofmillingrolleris(1)Machinecoveranareaofana

4、reasmall.WorkbenchmobileLongmenmillingmachine,completemachinemustbehigherthanverticalstrokelengthtwotimes.However,WorkbenchmobileLongmenmillingmachine,Thelengthofsideframewhichisfabricatedaccordingtoaddonlylongitudinaltravelwidth,Thedynamicresponseofthemachineisgood.WorkbenchmobileLongmenmillingmach

5、ineadoptsfixedtable.Thewholecastoutwithbed,LongmenframeworkoflongitudinalmotionDrivetorqueequivalentunchanged,ItisnotbecauseofbearingtheweightoftheworkpiecechangesChange,soastoensuretheaccuracyandperformanceofthemachinetool.TheindependentdesignmobilencLongmenmilling(FIG1)hasbeenaspecialmachinetouse.

6、Itcansatisfythelargecastings,steelpartsboringandmilling,drilling,etcmultipleoperationprocess.Itisrightmillinghead,Italsocanprocessthe4sideofworkpiece.ThegoalofthemaindesignparameterssuchasLongmenmillingunder:workbencharea1800mmx4000mm,ThetravelforXaxis:4000mmThetravelforYaxis:2000mmThetravelforZaxis

7、:750mm,Spindlepower18.5KW,Eachaxisrapidfederate10m/min.Figure1Mobilencmilling1.MechanicalpartsdesignThebedincludeBed,Slide,Longmenframespindlebox,ThreeaxistodrivemechanicalpartsandrelatedCNCservopart,Now,Thedesignprocessisemphasizedasfollows:Thebedisthebasicdesignwork,Thesizeofthebedofthedesignaffec

8、tsthecompletemachinedesign.AndtherationalityofthedesignofdirectlyaffectthewholeMachinestiffness.Thecross-sectionshapeforthebedliken,(FIG2)Theplaneisworkingonabedofmesadesignhas9Tshapedgroove.FortheconvenienceofbedandworkingmesaofpuredigimageTprocessing,groovetankcompletely,Therightandlefttwoconcerni

9、ngthedesignhasalongnarrowswingplane.Itisusedtolinearrollingguidevice,Theauthorputrailsurfacedesigninthetwosidebed.Themainconsiderationofforcetransmissiondirectionsandunloading,Becausethebedwillbedragonframeworkofgravity,cuttingforceandthegravityoftheworkpiece,Thisdesigncandirectlyintothegravityoflon

10、gmenframeworktomachinetools,andBedonlysufferthegravityoftheworkpiece.ThebedbythefollowingbasicwallthicknessdetermineBythefollowingformula.C=1/4(2L+B+H)Type:C,L,Bisrespectivelyforbedlength,widthandheightofsizeandunitforthem.Basedonequivalentsizec,Consultingrelevantform,Takethebasicwallthicknessis38mm

11、,Figure2Shapeofconcerningthecross-sectionSpindleboxadopts300mmx300mmsectiondesign.Thetorsionbendingcapacityarestronger.SpindlegearboxesUSEStwogearsGearslidingspeed-changemechanism.Itcanadaptroughmachiningrequirements.Spindleunitadoptsfoursupportingstructure,AheadthreegroupsofAnglecontactballbearingu

12、sedtowithstandcuttingforce.Spindleendadeepgrooveballbearingsareusedtounloading,ThatisnotoftheSlidinggearsoftheadditionalmoment.Longmenframeworkusedintegralframewhichisfabricatedaccordingtothedesignconcept,Ittookaboutbeamandcolumndesignintoawhole.Althoughmakecastingandassemblyadjustingdifficulty,thew

13、holeframeworkoflongmenrigidbetter,moreimportantistoslidehaveassembledspindlebox,etc.Slideisdesignedintheframewhichisfabricatedaccordingtothegeometricaldimensionsandspindlebox,Accordingtothecenteraxisoftheguidebarasfaraspossibletofacefortheprinciple,TheZaxisandthedriverinstallationpositionindesign,ef

14、fectivelyreducetheweightoftheslide.Designedtodriveintotheideaasfollows,TheXaxistodriveUsethebilateralsuper-modulusgearpairaggravatingpreloadinglinearrollingguidevice.XaxisandYaxisusesbigdiameterballscrewpreloadingvicehardenedguide.Railslidingpartsattachedengineeringplastics,Itavoidslowwhencrawlingph

15、enomenon,andguidethedesignisinclinedwithadjustabledevice.Thismachinedesignmakethewholemachinetocoordinateperformance.Theaxisofthefeedingspeedandforcegettheoptimalmatching.DuetothelongitudinalaxismachinemovementX,andismovinglongmenframeworkoflongmenframeworkweighed10T,sothelinearrollingguiderailstomu

16、stchoose.Becausetheballrailsystemofsmallfrictioncoefficient,verysuitableforlongmenframeworkofmovingrigidityrequirement.Guidethesliderchooseonetype,eachslideblockdynamicloadcanachieve10t.Consideringthesafetycoefficient,everyguideinstallation2slider.Longmenframeworkforthedriverbilateralsuper-modulusge

17、arpair(seechart2),feedmovementby3input,throughtwoinclinedgearmotorshaft/andaxisto2,andthenbytwogear-andtodriverack.Andthuspromotelongmenframew3thehelicalgearaxlespiralofthetwooppositedirections.ThroughthespringintheshaftonathreeaxialforceF,makethehelicalgeartraceofaxialmovementproducedat1and2andaxia

18、lshaftintheoppositedirectionAngleofsmall,round4and5)respectively,thegeartoothsurfacewithtworack,eliminatethegap.1.2.3-axis4.5-RackFigure3Bilateralsuper-modulusgearpairSpindleboxandverticalmotionZaxisadoptsballscrewassemblytransmission.Becauseofthismachineisnothighspeedmillingmachine,theZaxisofthefee

19、dingsystemforservomotorthroughtheratioof4forparallelaxissetthangearboxdrivestheballscrewrotation.InthedesignofspecialattentiontotheZaxisofsafetyproblems.Firstchoosetheservomotorwithelectromagneticbrake,secondintheballscrewwithatwo-wayoverrunningclutch,preventballnutsrotationcausedspindleboxmechanica

20、lprolapse.Ofcourse,inordertoprotectthez-axisfeedinstitutions,butalsointheaccuracywithtwobalanceontheslidecylinders.BalanceQ,etcThequalityofpartsinspindlebox85%.SpindleboxaroundmovefortheYaxis,inordertoguaranteetheprecisionYaxis,andonlybytheirlevelofballscrewandaxialforce,servomotorandtheballscrewstr

21、aightleague.Theauthorselectsthecouplingwithoverloadprotectiondevice,intheoverloadwhencouplingautomatically.2SelectionofCNCsystemTheSiemensnumericalcontrolsystemisadopted,becausethissystem840Dprovideslongmenshaftsynchronizationfunction.Usethisfunction,themachinecantodragonsDoorframeforshaft(into)no,X

22、2clampsitsX1mechanicaldeviationofdisplacement.Theactualvaluecanexerciseforcomparison,eventhesmallestdeviationcanbecorrected,andthereforeimprovetheaccuracyoftheXaxismovement3EpilogueTheauthorfinally,accordingtotheprofessionalmachinepartsmanufacturerstoprovidedesignsamplesdesignwillreachthetwicetheres

23、ultwithhalftheeffort.InThedesignprocess,theauthorofCNCsystem,spindleunit,gearbox,super-modulusgearandballscrewguideetc.Accordingtothesampleofempiricalformulas,notonlyshortendesigntime,makethehigherreliability.Atthesametimewemustpaygreatattentiontothetimelydesignmachinetools,suchastheapplicationofthr

24、ee-dimensionalsoftwarecomponentsimmediatelyaftertheestablishmentsketchesfor3dmodel,throughtheassemblyinterference,machineavoidcollisionsoccurwheninassemblyWadereworkphenomenon.翻譯移動式數(shù)控龍門銃床的總體設計張堅摘要：闡述了移動式數(shù)控龍門銃床的總體設計，并重點分析了雙邊齒輪齒條副驅(qū)動機構的設計要點，對X軸的導軌安裝面作了介紹。關鍵詞：移動式數(shù)控龍門銃床設計本文所述的移動式數(shù)控龍門銃床是指龍門框架作縱向移動的龍門銃床。移動

25、式龍門銃床的最大優(yōu)點是：(1)機床占地面積小。工作臺移動式龍門銃床，整機長度必須兩倍于縱向行程長度，而移動式龍門銃床的整機長度只需縱向行程加上龍門架側面寬度即可。圖1移動式數(shù)控龍門銃床(2)機床的動態(tài)響應好。移動式龍門銃床采用的是固定工作臺，一般與床身整體鑄出，龍門框架縱向運動的驅(qū)動力矩等值不變，不會因工件的承載重量的改變而變化，從而保證了加工精度和機床的響應性能。筆者獨立設計的移動式數(shù)控龍門銃床(圖1),現(xiàn)已作為專機投入生產(chǎn)應用，能滿足大型鑄件、鋼件的鏈、銃、鉆等多工序加工；配上直角銃頭，還可對工件的個側面進行加工。由于設計思想正確，配套零部件質(zhì)量過關，該機床各項指標均已達到數(shù)控龍門銃床相關

26、國家標準的要求。該龍門銃床的主要設計參數(shù)如下：工作臺面積為1800mmX4000mmX軸行程為4000mmY由行程為2000mmZ軸行程為750mm主軸功率18.5KW各軸快速進給為10m/min。1.機械部分設計整機分為床身、龍門架、滑臺、主軸箱、三軸進給驅(qū)動機構機械部分及相關數(shù)控伺服部分。現(xiàn)把設計過程中的重點闡述如下：床身是本次設計工作的基礎，床身的尺寸設計影響著對整機的設計，而且設計的合理性直接影響到整機的剛度。床身的截面形狀為n形（圖1）。床身的上平面即工作臺面設計有9條T形槽，為方便床身工作臺面和T形槽的精刨加工，槽完全貫通。床身的左、右兩下腳各設計有一個狹長平面，用來安放滾動直線導

27、軌副。筆者把導軌面設計在床身的兩下側，主要是考慮力的傳遞方向與卸荷問題。因床身會受到龍門框架的重力、切削力和工件的重力，這樣的設計可使龍門框架的重力直接傳入到機床的基礎上，而床身只受到工件的重力。床身的基本壁厚由以下公式初定：C=1/4（2L+B+H）式中：L.B.H分別為床身的長、寬、高尺寸，單位為mi根據(jù)當量尺寸C,查閱相關表格（略），取基本壁厚為38mm主軸箱采用.300mmX300mm面設計，其抗扭抗彎能力更強。主軸變速箱采用兩檔滑移齒輪變速機構，可適應粗精加工需求。主軸單元采用4支承結構，前面三組角接觸球軸承用來承受切削力，主軸尾部一個深溝球軸承用來卸荷，使主軸不受到滑移齒輪產(chǎn)生的附加力矩的影響。龍門框架采用的是整體龍門架的設計概念，即把橫梁與左右立柱設計成一體，雖然使鑄造和裝配調(diào)整時的難度加大，但整體龍門框架的剛性更好，更重要的是使主軸箱、滑臺等部件有了裝配基準。圖2床身的截面盤狀滑臺的設計是在龍門架和主軸箱的幾何尺寸確定后，按照主軸的中心盡量貼近橫梁上的導軌面為原則，并把落由驅(qū)動安裝位置設計在滑臺上，有效地減輕了滑臺的重量。設計進給驅(qū)動機構的構思如下：X軸的進給驅(qū)動機構采用雙邊齒輪齒條副加重預壓滾動直線導軌副，Ytt與Xtt采用大直徑預壓滾珠絲杠副加硬導軌副，且導軌滑動部分貼有工程塑料，避免低速時產(chǎn)生爬行現(xiàn)象，而且導軌部分設計有