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1、精選優質文檔-傾情為你奉上新概念一語法總結(上)一時態:一般現在時,現在進行時,一般過去時,現在完成時,一般將來時,過去進行時,過去完成時,過去將來時1. 一般現在時表示一般性,經常性的動作或一般性事實。含有be動詞的句子He is a teacher.The girl is very beautiful.Tim and Jack are students.變疑問句將be動詞移到句首Is he a teacher?Is the
2、;girl very beautiful?Are Tim and Jack students?變否定句在be動詞后面加notHe is not a teacher.The girl is not very beautiful.Tim and Jack are not students.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, he is. No, he is
3、160;not.Yes, she is. No, she is not.Yes, they are. No, they are not.不含有動詞的句子,即含有一般動詞的句子第三人稱單數及單數名詞He likes books.She likes him.The dog likes bones.變疑問句在句首加does, 動詞變為原型Does he like books
4、?Does she like him?Does the dog like bones?變否定句在主語及動詞之間加doesnt, 動詞變為原型He doesnt like books.She doesnt like him.The dog doesnt like bones.肯定回答及否定回答:Yes, he does. No, he doesnt.Yes,
5、she does. No, she doesntYes, it does. No, it doesnt.注意:第三人稱單數形式一般在動詞后面加S,不要和名詞復數混淆,變否定句或疑問句時名詞復數沒有任何變化。其他人稱及復數名詞I want to have a bath.We have some meat.The students like smart teachers.變疑問句在句首加do
6、Do you want to have a bath?Do we have any meat?Do the students like smart teachers?變否定句在主語和動詞之間加dont.You dont want to have a bath.We dont have any meat.The students
7、dont like smart teachers.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I do. No, I dont.Yes, we do. No, we dontYes, they do. No, they dont.2. 現在進行時表示現在正在進行的動作。構成:主語be動詞動詞的現在分詞其它成分(現在分詞的構成見附錄)We are having lunch.He is&
8、#160;reading a book.The dog is running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.變疑問句將be動詞移到句首Are we having lunch?Is he reading a book?Is the dog running after a
9、 cat?Are the boys swimming across the river?變否定句在be動詞后面加 notWe are not having lunch.He is not reading a book.The dog is not running after a cat.The boys are swimming
10、 across the river.特殊疑問句:what, which, how, where, who, etc.疑問詞動詞主語現在分詞What are you doing?What is she doing?What is the dog doing?(必背)沒有進行時的動詞表示狀態,思想,感情和感覺的動詞不能表示正在進行的動作1. 表示感覺,感官的詞see, hear, like,
11、 love, want,2. have, has當”擁有”講時沒有進行時3. 一般過去時表示過去發生的動作或事件,常和表示過去的時間狀語連用,如yesterday, last night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago,含有be動詞的句子,將動詞變為過去式,am, is的過去式為was,are的過去式為wereI was at the butchers.You
12、160;were a student a year ago.The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.變疑問句將be動詞移動到句首Were you at the butchers?Were you a student a year ago?Was the teacher very beaut
13、iful ten years ago?變否定句在be動詞后面加notI was not at the butchers.You were not a student a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.肯定回答否定回答Yes, I was. No,
14、0;I was not.Yes, you were. No, you were not.Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not.特殊疑問句:What did you do?(必背)不含有be動詞的句子,將動詞變為過去式,動詞過去式構成見附錄I finished my homework yesterday.The boy went
15、0;to a restaurant.The Sawyers lived at King Streeta year ago.King Streeta year ago.變疑問句在句首加did,動詞變為原型Did you finish your homework yesterday?Did the boy go to a restaurant?Did the
16、160;Sawyers live at King Streeta year ago?King Streeta year ago?變否定句在主語和動詞之間加did notI did not finish my homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaurant.The Sawyers did
17、160;not live at King Streeta year ago.King Streeta year ago.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I did. No, I didnt.Yes, he did. No, he didnt.Yes, they did. No, they did not.4. 現在完成時構成:主語+助動詞ha
18、ve, has+過去分詞用法:1) 表示過去發生的和現在有某種聯系的動作,常和just, usually, already, since等時間副詞連用I have just had lunch. (飽了,不用再吃了)He has had a cup of tea.(不渴了,不用再喝)They have already had their holiday. (不能再度假了)The
19、 boy has already read the book. (已經知道書的內容了,不用再看了)2)詢問別人是否做過某事一般用現在完成時:Have you finished your homework?Have you been to Beijing?Have he seen the film?3) 表示開始于過去并持續到現在的動作I have lived in
20、160;Beijing for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.4) 表示一種經歷,經驗:去過地方,做過事情,經歷過事情I have never had a bath.I have never seen a film.I have never been to
21、60;cinema.I have ever been to Paris.Have been to表示去過,have gone to 表示去了I have been to London.(人已經回來)He has gone to London.(人還在那里)5) 表示一種結果, 一般不和時間副詞聯用I have lost my pen.I have&
22、#160;hurt myself.He has become a teacher.She has broken my heart.句型變化:變疑問句將助動詞移到句首,變否定句在助動詞后面加not.e.g. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I have. No, I
23、60;have not.特殊疑問句:What have you done?What has he done?一般過去時與現在完成時的區別:凡是有明確的表示過去的時間狀語的句子為過去時注意:有些動詞表示的動作有一個終點,不能再延續,因此不能和表示一段時間狀語連用錯:Ive left Beijing for 3 days.對:I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been
24、 away from being for 3 days.5. 一般將來時表示將來將要發生的動作,經常和tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year after the next, in five hours time, etc. 表示將來的詞聯用結構: 主語+助動詞will+動詞原形I&
25、#160;will go to America tomorrow.The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.變疑問句將助動詞移到句首Will you go to Americ
26、a tomorrow?Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?變否定句在助動詞后面加notI will not go to America tomorrow.The pil
27、ot will not fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I will. No, I will not.Yes, he/she will. N
28、o, he/she will not.Yes, he will. No, he will not.特殊疑問句:What will you do?6. 過去完成時:用法:在過去的時間里,兩個動作中,發生在前的哪個動作要用過去完成時。結構:had+過去分詞After she had finished her homework, she went shopping.They had&
29、#160;sold the car before I asked the price.The train had left before I arrived at the station.After/before引導的時間狀語從句放在句首要在句子后面加逗號,如果放在主句后則不用加。 變疑問句將助動詞移到句首Had she finished her homework?
30、; 變否定句在助動詞后面加notShe hadnt finished her homework. 肯定回答及否定回答Yes, she had. No, she hadnt. 特殊疑問句:What had she done?7. 過去進行時表示過去正在進行的動作,經常用在when, while, as引導的狀語從句中。結構:was/were+doingWhen
31、my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor.While we were having dinner, my father was watching TV.8 過去將來時結構:would doS
32、he said she would go here the next morning.二 特殊句型:there be 句型,be going to 結構1. Be going to 結構表示打算,準備,計劃做某事結構:主語+be動詞+going to +動詞原型I am going to make a bookcase.The
33、y are going to paint it.The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter.變疑問句將be動詞移到句首Are you going to make a bookcase?Are they going to paint it?Is the
34、;father going to give the bookcase to his daughter?變否定句在be動詞后面加notI am not going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is not going to give the
35、60;bookcase to his daughter.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I am. No, I am not.Yes, they are. No, they are not.Yes, he is. No, he is not.特殊疑問句What are you going to do?What are th
36、ey going to do?What is the father going to do?(必背)2. There be 句型表示哪里有什么東西(某處有某物)There is單數名詞表示場所的詞(一般為介詞詞組)There is a book in this room.There is a pen on the tableThere a
37、re復數名詞表示場所的詞(一般為介詞詞組)There are two pens on the table.There are three schools there.變疑問句將be動詞移到句首Is there a book in this room?Are there two pens on the table?變否定句在動詞后面加notThere is n
38、ot a book in this room.There are not two pens on the table.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, there is. No, there is not.Yes, there are. No, there are not.三問句:一般疑問句,特殊疑問句,選擇疑問句,反意疑問句,選擇疑問句,否定疑問句2
39、一般疑問句: 助動詞/be動詞+主語Are you a teacher? Do you want to have a cup of tea?2 特殊疑問句: 特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句What is your name?2 選擇疑問句: orDo you want beef or lamb?2 反意疑問句: 肯定陳述句+否定疑問部分
40、,否定陳述部分+肯定疑問部分You dont need that pen, do you?2 否定疑問句: 一般疑問句+否定詞Arent you lucky? Dont you want have a rest?四冠詞用法:a/an/the的一般用法( 詳細見筆記)五限定詞:some, any, many, much2 some, any 修飾可數名詞或不可數名詞,s
41、ome用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑問句,注意,當期待對方的答案為肯定回答時用some2 many修飾可數名詞,much修飾不可數名詞,在口語中表示很多一般不用many, much, 而用a lot of, 在否定句中表示很多用many, much.I have a lot of money. I dont have much money.六名詞:種類,復數,名詞所有格1名詞分為可數名詞和不可數名詞A不可數名詞無
42、法分開的東西:water, tea, bread, milk, rice(米)抽象的東西:love, beauty, coldness(寒冷)不可數名詞有以下特點:l. 不能用a, an修飾2. 不能加s3.和單數be動詞或動詞搭配常見縮寫:is=s I am=Im are=reis not=isnt/ iznt/ are not=arent /a:nt/can not=canth
43、ave=vehas=shave not=haventhas not=hasntwill=ll will not=wont shall not=shantdo not=dontdoes not=doesnt was=s did not=didntB可數名詞:單數可數名詞要用冠詞修飾,復數可數名詞要在名詞后面加s,名詞復數共有以下幾種變化:規則變化的名詞復數形
44、式規則1一般情況+se.g. shellshells bookbooks規則2以s, x, ch, sh結尾+ese.g. foxfoxes churchchurches, busbuses, watchwatches規則3以o結尾+s或+ese.g. potatopotatoes, NegroNegroes, heroheroes, tomatotomatoes,(口訣:黑人英雄愛吃土豆和西紅柿),剩下一般加s, radioradios規則4
45、以f, fe結尾的,變f, fe為vese.g. lifelives halfhalves, shelfshelves, citycities, wifewives規則5以輔音字母+y結尾, 變y為i+ese.g. skyskies flyflies 不規則變化的名詞復數形式單數manwomanfootgoosetooth復數menwomenfeetgeese teeth單數childsheep deer mousefish復數ch
46、ildren sheepdeermicefish七介詞( 注意總結書上詞組)八副詞:用法及形容詞變副詞的變化u 副詞可以修飾形容詞,動詞,副詞或整個句子。如:The book is very good.He runs fast.She came here quite early.Certainly I will go with you.u 變化:1直接在形容詞
47、后加-ly,careful-carefully, slow-slowly,2以輔音字母加y結尾的形容詞,把y變I, 加-ly,happy-happily, lucky-luckily3有些詞形容詞和副詞的形式相同,不需要做任何變化fast, hard, late4有些詞加上-ly后意思與原詞相差很遠:neary-nearly, high-highly, late-lately, 九情態動詞的使用:can, must, may, might, need,1情態動詞c
48、an(能夠), must(必須), may(可以)結構:主語+can/must/may+動詞原型He can make the tea.Sally can air the room.We can speak English.變疑問句將情態動詞移到句首Can he make the tea?Can Sally air the room?Can we speak
49、;English?變否定句在情態動詞后面加notHe cannot make the tea.Sally cannot air the room.We cannot speak English.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, he can. No, he cannot.Yes, she can. No, she cannot.Yes, we can. No,
50、160;we cannot.特殊疑問句:What can you do?(必背)注意:情態動詞的句子沒有第三人稱單數的變化,不要在情態動詞或動詞后面加S。2Must/have to的區別must 表示必須,是主觀上覺得應該做,have to是不得不,是由于客觀條件逼迫的必要要做must 只能用在表示現在和將來的句子里,而have to do可以用在任何時態3must, may, might表示猜測:must do 表示對現在事實的猜測must h
51、ave done表示對過去事實的猜測must have been doing 表示對過去正在進行的事實的猜測may/might do, may/might have done表示沒有任何事實依據的猜測,might的可能性更小。cant/couldnt 表示不可能4need 用法:表示“需要”時為實意動詞,后面可以加名詞,也可以加不定式:I need a pen. Do you need any beer?&
52、#160;No, I dont.I need to have a rest.u Need doing=need to be done,表示被動The flowers need watering.Need在否定時做情態動詞使用You neednt go so early. =You dont need
53、0;to go so early.Must I clean the desk right now? No, you neednt. 十不定代詞及不定副詞: Someanynoeverythingsomethinganythingnothingeverythingonesomeoneanyoneanythingeveryonewheresomewhereanywhereanywhereeverywherebodysomebodyanybodyno
54、bodyeverybody I looked for my book everywhere, but I cant find it anywhere.If you want go somewhere, if you want to be someone, you must wake up.Help! Somebody?
55、;Anybody?You are really something.Since everybody is here, lets begin our class.Where did you go? I went nowhere.Nobody is at home.I have nothing left. 新概念英語第一冊語法總結(下)句型和語法十一
56、;感嘆句: What +名詞+主語+謂語What a beautiful girl she is!How + 形容詞+主語+謂語How beautiful the girl is!十二 祈使句: 第二人稱:let+其他人稱代詞祈使句的否定,加dont反意疑問祈使句(第二人稱)祈使句表示請求,命令,建議,邀請等,謂語動詞一律用原型,句子中通常不用主語,句末用驚嘆好或者句號,用降調。肯定句 動詞原型例, Come her
57、e, please. Go downstairs, please. Stand up. Sit down. Be quiet. Be careful.祈使句中如果有喚語,一定要用逗號隔開,放在句首或者句尾Come in, Amy.Sit down here, Tom.Mary, give me a book please.否定:Don't+動詞原型Don't
58、160;come here.Dont sit down.Dont stand up.Dont give me it.let sb. doLet me pass.Let us have a rest.Lets have a rest.(反意疑問):Lets have a walk along the river, shall we
59、?Let us go out for a drink, will you?十三倒裝句:so/neither的倒裝eg.He can swim. So can I.I didnt go to class. Neither did I.結構:so/neither+be+ 主語so/neither+助動詞+ 主語so/neither+情態動詞+ 主語一般現在時,
60、do, does/am, is, are現在進行時, am, is, are一般過去時, did現在完成時, have, has一般將來時, will, shall,過去進行時,was, were過去完成時,had過去將來時, would十四直接引語/間接引語如果引語的主句所用動詞為過去時,那么間接引語要做相應變化:時態,人稱,時間地點及指示詞時態變化:一般現在時一般過去時現在進行時過去進行時一般過去時過去完成時現在完成時過去完成時一般將來時過去將來時be
61、;going towas/were going to/wouldcan-couldmay-might時間地點及指示詞的變化:herethere, tomorrowthe next day, the following day, thisthat人稱變化:根據句意改變人稱。 十五直接賓語/間接賓語主語及物動詞間接賓語直接賓語直接賓語是及物動詞的直接對象,間接賓語是及物動詞的動作所涉及的人或事務,也可以說間接賓語表示動作是對誰做的,或者是為誰做的。所以間接賓語要用名詞或者賓格代詞來擔當。H
62、e gives me a book.me間接賓語, a book直接賓語直接賓語和間接賓語的位置調換時要加一個介詞to或for主語及物動詞直接賓語介詞+間接賓語Give me a book.Give the book to me.Send his a letter.Send a letter to him.Show him the new dress.Sho
63、w the new dress to him. 十六從句:賓語從句,定語從句(限定性),表語從句,狀語從句(if引導的真實條件句)賓語從句:如果賓語從句的主句中的動詞為過去時,那么賓語從句中的時態要和主句統一;如果賓語從句為疑問詞引導,那么語序要用陳述語序,即主語在前,動詞在后。定語從句: 表語從句: 狀語從句(if引導的真實條件句):主句用一般將來時,從句用一般現在時What will you do if you win a lot of money?If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.十七 動詞不定式做
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