1、初中英語賓語從句（Units 1-4 語法歸納）編稿老師張春燕一校楊雪二校劉一粟審核林海楠一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)1. 賓語從句的概念2. 賓語從句的用法二、重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞、語序、時態(tài)。三、考情分析賓語從句是中考考查的重點(diǎn)，常常考查引導(dǎo)詞、語序、時態(tài)，可能在單選題、完形填空題、動詞應(yīng)用題等題型中出現(xiàn)，分值在2-4分之間。【教材原句】But I believe that April is the hottest month of the year there.但是我認(rèn)為四月是那兒一年中最熱的月份。I wonder if its similar to the Water Festival of t

2、he Dai people in Yunnan Province.我想知道它是否類似于云南傣族的潑水節(jié)。Could you please tell me where the restrooms are? 請告訴我洗手間在哪兒好嗎？【概念】在復(fù)合句中用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。【用法】注意連接詞、語序和時態(tài)及與簡單句的轉(zhuǎn)化。一、引導(dǎo)詞1. 當(dāng)賓語從句具有陳述意義時，用that引導(dǎo)。that在句子中只起引導(dǎo)作用，無意義，在口語中常可省略。2. 當(dāng)賓語從句具有疑問意義時，可用if/ whether引導(dǎo)，表示選擇，意為“是否”，在從句中不作成分，只起連接作用，但不可省略。或者用連接代詞what, who

3、, which，連接副詞when, where, how, why等引導(dǎo)，在從句中作成分，不可省略。【例句】She said （that） she would leave a note on the desk. 她說她會在桌子上留個便條。He wants to know if / whether you are a doctor. 他想知道你是不是醫(yī)生。Do you know when he bought this pencil box? 你知道他什么時候買的這個文具盒嗎？二、語序賓語從句要用陳述語序，即：連接詞+主語+謂語+其他。當(dāng)賓語從句表示否定意義，主句主語為第一人稱、謂語動詞是thin

4、k/believe/suppose/ guess等時，一般將否定詞not轉(zhuǎn)移到主句的謂語中，這種現(xiàn)象叫“否定的前移”。但翻譯時，仍否定從句，并且變反意疑問句時，反意部分時態(tài)和人稱與從句的時態(tài)和人稱一致。【例句】I dont believe he can work out the math problem. 我認(rèn)為他做不出那道數(shù)學(xué)題。I dont think he is right, is he? 我認(rèn)為他不對，是吧？三、時態(tài)賓語從句的時態(tài)一般受主句時態(tài)的影響。當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時，賓語從句可以根據(jù)具體情況用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r態(tài)。當(dāng)主句是一般過去時，從句要用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)。但當(dāng)從句表示的是名言、

5、客觀真理或自然現(xiàn)象等時，其時態(tài)一般不受主句時態(tài)的限制，均用一般現(xiàn)在時。【例句】I want to know how he came yesterday. 我想知道他昨天是怎樣來的。She asked if he was leaving for Beijing soon. 她問他是否會很快離開去北京。Lucy told her son that leaves turn yellow in autumn. 露西告訴兒子，秋天樹葉變黃。四、賓語從句與簡單句的相互轉(zhuǎn)化賓語從句在一定的條件下，可以轉(zhuǎn)化為簡單句。1. 由特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，主句主語或賓語與從句主語一致時，可以變?yōu)椤耙蓡栐~+不定式”的

6、復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。I dont know how I should do it next. I dont know how to do it next. 我不知道下一步我應(yīng)當(dāng)怎么做。2. 當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是see, hear, watch, find等詞時，其后that從句常簡化為“賓語+動詞原形/ 動詞的-ing形式”。I saw some boys were playing basketball on the playground just now. I saw some boys playing basketball on the playground just now.我剛才看到一些男孩正在操場

7、上打籃球。3. 當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是hope, agree, wish等詞時，主句主語或賓語與從句主語一致時，后以that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。He agreed that he could help me with my English. He agreed to help me with my English.他同意幫我學(xué)習(xí)英語。【考題鏈接】My uncle remembered _.A. when we moved to the town B. when did we move to the townC. when we move to the town D. when do w

8、e move to the town答案：A思路分析：根據(jù)主句中remembered可知從句用過去的時態(tài)，排除C、D兩項；B項語序是疑問語序，故排除。句意為“我叔叔記得我們何時搬到城鎮(zhèn)來的”。1. Could you please tell me _?About two weeks.A. how often are we going to be away B. how often we are going to be awayC. how long are we going to be away D. how long we are going to be away2. I dont know

9、 _ they could pass the exam or not.A. that B. what C. which D. whether3. Parents should let their children do _.A. what do they like B. what they likeC. what will they like D. they like what4. Our English teacher told us that light _ much faster than sound.A. traveled B. travels C. travel D. traveli

10、ng答案：1-4 DDBB思路分析：1. 根據(jù)問句可知，空格處在整個句中作賓語，故語序用陳述句語序，排除A、C兩項，因為它們都是疑問語序；根據(jù)答語“大約兩周”可知用連接詞how long詢問一段時間；而how often是用于提問頻率的。2. 根據(jù)句末的or not可知用whether。句意為“我不知道他們是否能通過考試”。3. 瀏覽此句可知考查賓語從句的語序。賓語從句的語序用陳述句語序，即：連接詞+主語+謂語+其他，故排除D項；A、C兩項是疑問語序，故排除。句意為“父母應(yīng)該讓孩子做他們喜歡做的事”。4. 根據(jù)從句“光傳播的速度比聲音快”這一客觀真理可知，其時態(tài)不受主句過去時態(tài)的限制，仍用一般

11、現(xiàn)在時。（答題時間：15分鐘）. 用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞完成下列句子或?qū)υ?. Could you please tell me _ I can study English well?Practice, practice and practice.2. Do you know _ her son is nervous?3. I dont know _ the woman does.4. No one knows _ country the old man is from.5. Could you tell me _ I can buy that shampoo?In the shop next to

12、our school.6. Do you know _ clothes they are?7. Can you tell me _ has cleaned the classroom?8. Please tell me _ she is talking to. 單項選擇1. I dont know _ the day after tomorrow. A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether hell come 2. Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is?

13、 A. what B. how C. whether D. where 3. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help? A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended 4. I want to know _. A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after 5. Do you know

14、 where _ now? A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live 6. Do you know what time _? A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves 7. I dont know _. Can you tell me, please? A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players C. the two

15、players are how old D. how old the two players are 8. The small children dont know _. A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings . 句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改寫句子）Could you tell us _ Mr. B

16、rown _ living in China?2. “Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（變?yōu)閺?fù)合句）He asked me _ the girl _ some help3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并為一個句子）_ Jim _Tom is a student. 4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句）I want to know _ the train _. 5. Did Peter c

17、ome here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. （改為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句）Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _ here yesterday. 1. how 2. why 3. what 4. which 5. where 6. whose 7. who 8. whom/who. 1. D 解析：賓語從句中的語序用陳述語序，排除A、B兩項；主句的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，故從句中根據(jù)時間狀語用一般將來時，排除C項；故選D項。2. D 解析：根據(jù)句意 “請你告訴我最近的醫(yī)院在哪兒，好嗎？”可知D項符合句意。3. C 解析：根據(jù)賓語從句的語序用陳述語序可排除A, B兩項；根據(jù)句意應(yīng)是你能告訴我“在沒有任何幫助的情況下他是如何修收音機(jī)的嗎？”，故選C項。4. D 解析：根據(jù)賓語從句中的語序是陳述句語序可排除A, C兩項；look是不及物動詞，后面不能直接接賓語，故排除B項。5. A 解析：賓語從句的語序用陳述句語序，故排除B, D兩項；根據(jù)主句用一般現(xiàn)在