1、華北電力大學(xué)電力工程系2022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-2Power System Introductionvoltagecurrentactive powerreactive powerstatus of circuit breakersStatus of protective relays電力系統(tǒng)調(diào)度電力系統(tǒng)調(diào)度2022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-32022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-42022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-52022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-62022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-72022-3-6H

2、UI REN NCEPU45-8Basics DC/AC 直流/交流 Voltage 電壓 Voltage level 電壓等級 110v, 220v, 380v, 3kV, 6kV, 10kV, 20kV, 35kV 110kV, 220kV, 330kV, 500kV, 750kV, 1100kV Phase voltage 相電壓, line voltage 線電壓 Active power（real power）有功功率 Reactive power 無功功率2022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-9BasicsY0Y0Y0 YY0 YY0YY0YY0Y02022-3-6HUI

3、 REN NCEPU45-10Basics Generator Power Transformer Circuit breaker Protective Relay Dispatching system2022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-112022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-122022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-132022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-142022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-152022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-162022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-17Power Dispatching

4、 Dispatching regulation on power system: issued in 1993 by State Council. Unified dispatching and hierarchical management: five levels.Branch-grid levelRegional levelCounty levelNational levelProvincial level國調(diào)網(wǎng)調(diào)省調(diào)地調(diào)縣調(diào)2022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-18National wide grid dispatchingOperation management of re

5、lated large-scaled plants500(330)Kv transmission linesLarge-scaled plantsCoordinate economic operation of various branch gridsMedium and small scale plantsDistribution center220 Kv transmission lines500 Kv substationHigh voltage customers220 Kv key substation220 Kv substation110Kv, 35 Kv substation1

6、10Kv transmission lines and belowInter-regional connection above 500 KvBranch-grid levelregional levelCounty levelNational levelProvincial level2022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-19 Power dispatching automation system(調(diào)度自動化系統(tǒng)). The task is providing to operators(調(diào)度員) all various kinds of real time information

7、of power system, making management and dispatching decision to ensure safety and economical operation of power system. Sometimes it is also called EMS (Energy Management System)(能量管理系統(tǒng))2022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-20 EMS includes the following power advanced software:Load Forecasting(負(fù)荷預(yù)測), Automated Gen

8、eration Control(自動發(fā)電控制), State Estimation(狀態(tài)估計), Transient Stability Analysis(暫態(tài)穩(wěn)定分析), Optimal Power Flow(最優(yōu)潮流), Dispatcher Training Simulator(調(diào)度員培訓(xùn)仿真系統(tǒng)) The basics of these advanced software is SCADA system.2022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-21 The generator voltages are in the range of 11 to 30kV; higher gen

9、erator voltages are difficult to obtain because of insulation problems in the narrow confines of the generator stator. 發(fā)電機機端電壓范圍在11kV至30kV之間。機端電壓難以達到更高的原因是由于發(fā)電機定子的絕緣問題。2022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-22 Transformers are then used to step up the voltages to the range of 110 to 765kV. 由升壓變壓器將電壓升至110kV至765kV。

10、In California the backbone of the transmission system is composed mainly of 500kV, 345kV, and 230kV three-phase lines. The voltages refer to voltages from line to line. 加州的主干輸電網(wǎng)由500kV、345kV和230kV的三相線路組成。上述電壓指的是線電壓。2022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-23 One reason for using high transmission-line voltages is to

11、improve energy transmission efficiency. Basically, transmission of a given amount of power (at specified power factor) requires a fixed product of voltage and line current. Lower line currents are associated with lower resistive losses(I2R) in the line. 采用高輸電線電壓的原因之一是提高能量傳輸效率?；旧?，當(dāng)傳輸一定的功率時（在給定功率因數(shù)下）

12、，電壓和線路電流的乘積一定。降低電流相當(dāng)于降低線路上的電阻性損耗。2022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-24 The primary objective of the interconnection is improved service reliability; a loss of generation in one area can be made up by utilizing spare capacity in another area. 電網(wǎng)互聯(lián)的主要目的是提高供電可靠性；一個區(qū)域損失的發(fā)電量可以由另外一個區(qū)域的剩余容量供給。2022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-

13、25 Decision: Build or Upgrade City Substation 城市變電站面臨抉擇：新建還是擴建 Because many cities have experienced rapid growth, their substations have often reached the limits of their capacity. As a result, downtown distribution systems are often overworked and many need a major upgrade, overhaul, or expansion.

14、However, space is scarce. 由于城市不斷發(fā)展，許多城市變電站已經(jīng)達到其負(fù)荷極限，許多配電站急需升級、檢修或擴建，問題是空間不足。2022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-26 BC Hydro built Cathedral Square, a major 230/12 kV underground gas-insulated substation located 62 ft underground, in 1984. BC水電公司于1984年建造了這個位于地下62ft（英尺）的230/12kV氣體絕緣地下變電站。 It has three levels unde

15、rground and an urban park above. It originally had a dozen 12kV feeders, but has since undergone several upgrades, including the addition of 24 feeders for a current total of 36. 變電站建在地面以下，分為三層，地面上則是個公園，最初有12條12kV饋電線路，經(jīng)過幾次擴建增加了24條，目前共有36條饋電線路。2022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-27 Using some devices such as mag

16、netic temperature indicators that measure differential temperature between load tap-changer (LTC) oil tanks and main transformer oil tanks, the utility has moved from an annual LTC breaker maintenance schedule to an as-needed schedule. 由于使用了一些電磁溫度指示器之類的裝置來測量有載調(diào)壓分接頭油箱和主變壓器郵箱之間的溫差，這家電力公司不必像以前那樣，每年都要進行

17、LTC開關(guān)維修，而是根據(jù)需要隨時進行維修。2022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-28 On-line monitoring information is collected by the utility supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system, and is then sent to the diagnostics program where the data are analyzed according to present parameters supplied by DP&L engineers and m

18、aintenance personnel. 在線監(jiān)測信息是由監(jiān)控及數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)收集的。信息輸入診斷程序，然后根據(jù)由DP&L的工程師和維修人員預(yù)先設(shè)置好的參數(shù)進行數(shù)據(jù)分析。2022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-29 On-line equipment monitoring is thought by many to be the next level of gathering and using system information. Moving from time-based preventive maintenance to condition-based maintenance

19、 requires information on the operational stress equipment is subject to. 很多人認(rèn)為在線設(shè)備監(jiān)測是在手機利用系統(tǒng)信息的基礎(chǔ)上進行的。從原來的定期進行預(yù)防性檢修到現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)維修，這一轉(zhuǎn)變的關(guān)鍵就是一些主要運行設(shè)備的信息。2022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-30參考資料參考資料 劉然, 包蘭宇, 景志華. 電力專業(yè)英語(第二版), 中國電力出版社. Unit one: The production of electrical energy 電能生產(chǎn) A brief history of the power indu

20、stry 能源工業(yè)簡史 Unit two: Generators and motors 發(fā)電機和電動機 Electricity and electrical circuits 電與電路 Unit three: Electrical energy transmission 電能輸送 Transformers 變壓器2022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-31 Email: hrenNThanks!2022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-32Importance of dispatching automation system localized protective relay

21、and automatic equipments Protective relays clear fault as quickly as possible. Exciter control maintains voltage quality and balances reactive power. Load shedding keeps frequency variation within acceptable range. Use local information. Can clear fault as quickly as possible. Limitation: without co

22、nsideration of whole power system situation. Centralized dispatching automation system Use information collected from power plants and substations under the charge of the dispatching center.2022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-33練習(xí)練習(xí) 文章題目 Research of the Effect for Relay Protection Based on STATCOM (西安交大碩士研究生) E

23、ffect of TCSC on Measured Impedance by Distance Relay Considering MOV Operation (伊朗大學(xué))2022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-34摘要摘要 This paper deals with the influence of the STATCOM to the relay protection. The fundamental compensation principle, the main circuit and control strategies of STATCOM are all proposed

24、. This paper presents the measured impedance by a distance relay in the presence of Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC), one of the series connected FACTS device, on the protected transmission line considering Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) operation.2022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-35 The operation l

25、ogic of the relay protective in distribution system with STATCOM is analyzed. Many research in the voltage regular and provides efficient damping of oscillations by STATCOM have been studied 23. They were focused on the theory and application of controller. It concluded that the effect related to th

26、e installed position of STATCOM. The shorter the distance, the greater will be impacted by the harmonics.練習(xí)練習(xí)2022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-36專業(yè)英語的語法特點專業(yè)英語的語法特點慣用時態(tài)。慣用時態(tài)。專業(yè)英語中多用動詞的現(xiàn)在時，尤其是多用一般現(xiàn)在時，來敘述事實或真理，客觀地表述定義、定律、定理方程式、公式、圖標(biāo)等。用一般過去式來介紹試驗情況或敘述事物的歷史發(fā)展經(jīng)過等。用一般將來時敘述計劃要做的工作和預(yù)期獲得的結(jié)果等。大量使用被動語態(tài)。大量使用被動語態(tài)。專業(yè)英語更注重對事

27、實、方法、性能和特性做出客觀表述。采用被動語態(tài)能更為客觀，有助于將讀者的注意力在描述的事物、事實、現(xiàn)象或過程上。大量使用非限定動詞。大量使用非限定動詞。在專業(yè)英語中，為了描述的明確、簡練，多采用不定式短語、分詞短語，特別是分詞短語應(yīng)用較多。2022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-37大量使用名詞及介詞短語大量使用名詞及介詞短語。同樣是為了達到明確和簡練的要求，在專業(yè)英語中多采用名詞和介詞短語。條件句較多。條件句較多。專業(yè)文獻中常需提出假設(shè)和推理，因而條件句使用較多。長句較多。長句較多。由于專業(yè)英語的作用是陳述事理、描述過程，它所給出的定義、定理、定律或描述的概念及工藝過程，都必須嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、

28、準(zhǔn)確。由此，與日常英語相比，使用的長句較多。有時一個長句就是一個較長的段落。2022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-38長句的翻譯長句的翻譯翻譯長句子時，必須分析清楚原文的結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系，在理解原文內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，分清主次，按照時間概念和邏輯順序重新按漢語習(xí)慣加以組合處理，譯出的句子既要準(zhǔn)確地表達原文，又要符合漢語的習(xí)慣。常用的譯法有順譯法、倒譯法、分譯法。順譯法是基本上保留原文的語法結(jié)構(gòu)，依照原文順序譯出。一般地，當(dāng)原文的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和時間順序與漢語相同時，可采用順譯法。在翻譯過程中，根據(jù)具體情況，可增加或省略有關(guān)連接詞。例如：2022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-39 No such

29、 limitation is placed on an alternating-current machine; here the only requirement is relative motion, and since a stationary armature and a rotating field system have numerous advantages, this arrangement is standard practice for all synchronous machines rated above a few kilovolt-amperes.交流發(fā)電機不受任何

30、限制，惟一的要求是相對移動，而且由于固定電樞及旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場系統(tǒng)具有許多優(yōu)點，這種安排是所有額定容量超過幾千伏安的同步發(fā)電機的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做法。2022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-40順譯法例句（順譯法例句（2 2） For large motors, therefore, a phase-winding rotor is used, with the winding connected at one end to each other and at the other end to slip-rings, thus enabling the resistance of the rotor to

31、 be varied at will, providing a greater starting torque and some speed control.因此，對于大型電機來說，一般采用相繞組轉(zhuǎn)子，其繞線的一端互相連接，而另一端接于軸的滑環(huán)上，這樣，可隨意改變轉(zhuǎn)子的電阻，從而可提供更大的起動轉(zhuǎn)矩，并可適當(dāng)控制速度。2022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-41倒譯法倒譯法 當(dāng)原文結(jié)構(gòu)層次與漢語相反時，要從英語原文的后面譯起，自下而上，逆著原文的順序翻譯，稱為倒譯法。例如： The resistance of any length of a conducting wire is eas

32、ily measured by finding the potential difference in volts between its ends when a known current is flowing . 已知導(dǎo)線中的電流，只要求出導(dǎo)線兩端電位差的伏特數(shù)，就不難測出任何長度的導(dǎo)線的電阻。2022-3-6HUI REN NCEPU45-42倒譯法倒譯法 Various machine parts can be washed very clean and will be as clean as new ones when they are treated by ultrasonics, no matte