1、精選優質文檔-傾情為你奉上課程結業報告課程名稱：涉外旅游英語文化教程 學號：姓名:習琴芳老師:韓嬌陽 2011年6月12日Part one: a brief introduction of the courseThis book focuses on brief introduction of global culture tourism and uniqueness of different countries. It has six chapters, each of which can be divided into three parts: brief introduction, cu

2、lture and tourism.1. Chapter one introduce the tourism and culture of Asia. Asia is the world's largest and most populous , located primarily in the and . It covers 8.6% of the 's total surface area (or 29.9% of its land area) and with approximately 4 billion people, it hosts 60% of the worl

3、d's current . During the 20th century Asia's population nearly quadrupled. Asia is traditionally defined as part of the of with the western portion of the latter occupied by located to the east of the , of the and south of the (or the and the and . It is bounded on the east by the , on the s

4、outh by the and on the north by the . Given its size and diversity, Asiaa dating back to is more a incorporating a number of and peoples than a (see , ). The wealth of Asia differs very widely among and within , due to its vast size and huge range of different ethnic groups, cultures, environments,

5、historical ties and government systems. Asia has been the historical birthplace of all major .2 Chapter two introduce the tourism and culture of Europe Europe is the sixth largest continent in size and the third largest in population. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, Asia to the

6、 east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the West. Europe is a wealthy continent and is the center of the West and Western Democracy. Europe has been the home to some of the earths greatest civilizations from Ancient Greece to the Roman Empire. It is also the home to the birth of democracy. Europe has also

7、been the central point two of the biggest wars in modern history: WWI and WWII. Recently Europe has united under the common union called the European Union. This union allows independent European countries to have a single currency and to combine their economic and military power. Europe is the worl

8、ds second-smallest continent in terms of area, covering about 10,180.000 square kilometers or 2%of the earths surface. It hosts a large number of sovereign states, whose precise amount depends on the underlying definition of Europes border, as well as on the in-or exclusive of semi-recognized states

9、. Of all European countries, Russia is the largest by both area and population, while the Vatican is the smallest. Europe is the third most populous continent after Asia and Africa with a population of 710,000,000 or about 11% of the worlds population. However, Europes border and population are in d

10、ispute, as the term continent can refer to a cultural and political distinction or physiographic one.3 Chapter three introduce the tourism and culture of Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km² (11.7 million sq mi

11、) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area. With 1.0 billion people (as of 2009, see table) in 61 territories, it accounts for about 14.72% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea

12、 to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent has 54 sovereign states, including Madagascar and various island groups. Africa, particularly central Eastern Africa, is

13、 widely regarded within the scientific community to be the origin of humans and the Hominidae clade (great apes), as evidenced by the discovery of the earliest hominids and their ancestors, as well as later ones that have been dated to around seven million years ago including Sahelanthropus tchadens

14、is, Australopithecus africanus, A. afarensis, Homo erectus, H. habilis and H. ergaster with the earliest Homo sapiens (modern human) found in Ethiopia being dated to circa 200,000 years ago.Africa straddles the equator and encompasses numerous climate areas; it is the only continent to stretch from

15、the northern temperate to southern temperate zones. The African expected economic growth rate is at about 5.0% for 2010 and 5.5% in 20114 Chapter four introduce the tourism and culture of North AmericaNorth America is the third largest continent in area and the fourtj ranked in population. It is bou

16、nded on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the south by the Caribbean Sea, and on the west by the North Pacific Ocean. It covers an area of 9,355,000square miles. As of July 2008, its population was estimated at nearly 529million people.North America occupies the northern portion of the landmass gene

17、rally referred to as the New World, the Western Hemisphere, the Americas, or simply America. Northern Americas only land connection is to South America at the narrow Isthmus of Panama. According to some authorities, North America begins not at the Isthmus of Panama but at the narrows central America

18、 as a subcontinent or region of Northern America.The continent is filled with history, culture, tourist attraction, and activities, a vacation to America offers tourists the opportunity to experience several cultures and explore a wide variety of sights and activities. The major two countries of Nor

19、thern America; the United States and Canada offer hundreds of exciting tourist locations. 5 chapter five introduce the tourism and culture of South America South America is the fourth largest continent in size and the fifth largest in population. It is located primarily n the southern hemisphere, is

20、 bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Pacific Ocean in the west. The geography of South America is dominated by the Ands Mountain Range and the Amazon River.Prior to European colonization, the Incan Civilization was a dominant force in South America. In the 1500s, Spain and Portugal co

21、lonized much of South America. The colonies gained independence in the 1800s with the help of leaders such as Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin. As a result, much of South America still speaks Spanish and Portuguese is the primary language of Brazil.6 Chapter six introduce the tourism and culture

22、 of Oceania Oceania is a region centered on the islands of the tropical Pacific Ocean. Conceptions of what constitutes Oceania range from the coral atolls and volcanic islands of the South Pacific (ethnologically divided into the subregions of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia) to the entire insu

23、lar region between Asia and the Americas, including Australasia and the Malay Archipelago. The term is sometimes used more specifically to denote a continent comprising Australia and proximate islands, or biogeographically as a synonym for either the Australasian ecozone (Wallacea and Australasia) o

24、r the Pacific ecozone (Melanesia, Polynesia, and Micronesia apart either from New Zealand or from mainland New Guine.Part 2 thoughts after the coursecultural globalizationAfter learning this course, I know that different country has its specialty. With the development of globalization, the world is

25、becoming smaller and smaller. People from different country have a lot of chances to interact with each other. There may be some conflictions because they have different culture. In this aspect people should be tolerant to each other. Here comes the necessity of learning different culture in the wor

26、ld. When we try to keep our own culture, we can also learn good things from others and keep the bad side away. As globalization is not only an economic phenomenon, a multivariate approach to measuring globalization is the recent index calculated by the Swiss think tank KOF. The index measures the th

27、ree main dimensions of globalization: economic, social, and political. In addition to three indices measuring these dimensions, an overall index of globalization and sub-indices referring to actual economic flows, economic restrictions, data on personal contact, data on information flows, and data o

28、n cultural proximity is calculated. Data is available on a yearly basis for 122 countries, as detailed in Dreher, Gaston and Martens. According to the index, the world's most globalized country is Belgium, followed by Austria, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. Among all kinds of gl

29、obalization, cultural globalization is very important as it can change the mind of thinking. Cultural Globalization refers to the transmission of ideas, meanings and values across national borders. This process is marked by the spread of commodities and ideologies, which become standardized around t

30、he world. Mass consumption serves as a facilitator between different people and cultures around the globe as a result of the exponential growth of the human population. Through technological advancement, culture has been moving beyond borders and boundaries, transforming through locations the shared

31、 meanings of culture. Through the process of sharing the ideas and values of one culture to another ultimately leads to an inter-connectedness between various populations from diverse cultures. According to Inda and Rosaldo, globalization refers to the intensification of connections within the globa

32、l, regional, and local level. These aspects of social life contain multidimensional processes that are quite complex. To better understand the complexity of culture, Stuart Hall defines it as the process of sharing meanings in society. Culture used to be confined to local regions in premodern societ

33、y, but technological advances now allow us to tear down the barriers of time and space. Today in modern society cultures move freely from the most remote areas in the world to the biggest cities. Acculturation or the mixing of cultures in modern society is commonly seen in many countries from the We

34、st. The domination of a culture over another can be referred to as colonial imperialism; which greatly impacts our understanding of globalization. Cultural globalization thus modifies the meaning given to a representation by a particular culture, and gives it the dominant cultures' own meaning.

35、Jan Nederveen Pieterse believes that globalization should be viewed as a long term historical process.3 He conceived globalization as a human integration and hybridization, arguing that it is possible to detect cultural mixing across continents and regions back many centuries. These ideas refer to t

36、he movement of religious practices, language and culture brought by Spanish colonization of the Americas. This, however contrast with many economist and sociologist, who trace the origins of globalization to capitalism as well as modernity, which have been facilitated through technological advances.

37、 One of the dominant perspectives of globalization, asserts that this is a process of the transfiguration of worldwide diversity into a pandemic westernized consumer culture. 4 Many critics argue that through the dominance of American culture influencing the entire world, this will ultimately result

38、 in the end of cultural diversity. This has been associated with the destruction of cultural identities, dominated by a homogenized and westernized, consumer culture. The global influence of American products, businesses and culture upon other countries around the world has been referred to as Ameri

39、canization. This influence is represented through that of American-based Television programs which are rebroadcasted throughout the world. Major American companies such as McDonalds and Coca-Cola have played a major role in the in the spread of American culture across the globe. Terms such as Coca-c

40、olonization have been coined to refer to the dominance of American products in foreign countries, which some critics of globalization view as a threat to the cultural identity of such foreign nations. Another perspective, regards globalization as a process of hybridization on which cultural mixture

41、and adaptation continuously transform and renew cultural forms. As anthropologist Roy Wagner has argued; cultures are continually changing and being recreated as part of an ongoing process. In particular cultures are being informed through various internal pressures and influences. However culture i

42、s also shaped by external forces, thus indicating that this is not a homogenous discrete and bounded entities; rather cultures overlap as well as draw from other traditions.Part 3 suggestionsAs I expect this course to be very funny, because the teacher taught us to be relax when we first attended th

43、is course. And I really enjoy myself when the teacher showed us a video about Spain. It gave me a really deep impression. Later on there are fewer chance to do such kind of things. Most of my classmates like it not only because of relaxing but also we learn something from it. 還來不及享受美麗的錦瑟華年，就已經到了白發遲暮

44、，一生匆匆而過。生命，就是這樣匆匆，還來不及細細品味，就只剩下了回憶。生命匆匆，累了就選擇放下，別讓自己煎熬痛苦，別讓自己不堪重負。放下該放下的，心才會釋放重負，人生才能安然自如。人生就是一個口袋，里面裝的東西越多，前行的腳步就越沉重。總覺得該得到的還沒有得到，該擁有的卻已經失去，苦苦追尋的依然渺茫無蹤。心累，有時候是為了生存，有時候是為了攀比。只有放下羈絆前行腳步的重擔，放下陰霾繚繞的負面情緒，才能感受到“柳暗花明又一村”的豁然開朗，領悟到“一蓑煙雨任平生”的超然物外。人生太匆匆，累了，就放一放吧，何苦要執拗于一時的成敗得失！很多時候，我們用汗水滋養夢想，可是，夢想是豐滿的，現實是骨感的。每個人都渴望成功的鮮花圍繞自己，可是，誰都不是常勝將軍，都會猝不及防地遭遇人生的滑鐵盧。唉聲嘆氣只會讓自己裹足不前，一蹶不振只能讓自己沉淪墮落。如果真的