1、初中英語句子成分和英語句子結構八年級培優強化訓練姓名 :8subject） : 句子說明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east.（名詞）He likes dancing. （代詞）Twenty years is a short time in history. （ 數詞 ） Seeing is believing. （動名詞） To see is to believe.（不定式）What he needs is a book. （主語從句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.

2、（ It 形式主語，主從是真正主語） 二、謂語（predicate ） : 說明主語的動作、狀態和特征。We study English.He is asleep.三、表語（predicative ） : 系動詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質、狀態和特征。He is a teacher. （名詞）Seventy-four! You don t look it. （代詞）Five and five is ten. （數詞）He is asleep.（形容詞）His father is in. （副詞）The picture is on the wall.（ 介詞短語）My watch is gone

3、 / missing / lost.（形容詞化的分詞）To wear a flower is to say “ I m poor, I can t buy a ring. （不定式）The question is whether they will come.（表語從句）（常見的系動詞有：be, sound （聽起來），look （看起來），feel（摸起來，smell （聞起來），taste （嘗、吃起來）remain （保持，仍是），feel （感覺）It sounds a good idea. Her voice sounds sweet. The food smells delicio

4、us. The door remains open. 四、賓語：1 ）動作的承受者 動賓The sound sounds strange Tom looks thin.The food tastes good.Now I feel tired.I like China. （名詞）He hates you. （代詞）How many do you need? We need two. （數詞）We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （動名詞）I hope to see you again. （不定式）Did y

5、ou write down what he said? （賓語從句）2） 介詞后的名詞、代詞和動名詞介賓Are you afraid of the snake?Under the snow, there are many rocks.3） 雙賓語 間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.五、賓補：對賓語的補充，全稱為賓語補足語。（名）We elected him monitor. （名詞）We all think it a pity that she didn t come here.We w

6、ill make them happy. （形容詞）We found nobody in. （ 副詞 ）Please make yourself at home. 介詞短語）Don t let him do that. （省 to 不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （帶 to 不定式）Don t keep the lights burning. （現在分詞）I ll have my bike repaired. （過去分詞）六、主補：對主語的補充。He was elected monitor.She was f

7、ound singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.七、定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher. （名詞）We belong to the third world. （數詞）The man over there is my old friend.（ 副詞 ）詞）He is our friend. （代詞）He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.形容詞The woman wi

8、th a baby in her arms is my sister. （ 介The boys playing football are in Class 2. （現在分詞）The trees planted last year are growing well now. （過去分詞）I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）You should do everything that I do. （定語從句）八、狀語：用來修飾v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。（以下例句按上述順序排列）I will

9、 go there tomorrow.The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.He didn t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike.Tho

10、ugh he is young, he can do it well.句子結構簡單句的五個基本句型主語不及物動詞She came / My head aches.主語及物動詞賓語She likes English.主語系動詞主語補語She is happy主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語She gave John a bookShe bought a book for me.主語賓補動詞 賓語 賓語補語She makes her mother angryThe teacher asked me to read the passage.（ There +be There lies a book on

11、 the desk. ）Exercises分析下列句子成分1. Our school is not far from my home.2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you3. All of us considered him honest.4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass.6. He made it clear that he would leave the city 7. -I love you more than he

12、r ， child 8. Tees turn green when spring comes.9. They pushed the door open.10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends.12. All the students think highly of his teaching13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing

13、an English song.15. Dont get nervous， help yourself to what you like 16.We will make our school more beautiful.17. He didnt come That is why he didnt know 18. She showed us her many of her pictures.19. The old man lives a lonely life.20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of to

14、wn.21. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany22. There are so many people in the hall that its hard for me to find him 23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.24. Go back where you came from.25. We must do whatever the people want us to do.26. At la

15、st he got home, tired and hungry. 27. Would you please pass me the cup?28 Mary handed her homework to the teacher. 29. Do you know the latest news about him?30. I ll get my hair cut tomorrow.1. They are working on the farm now.3. All of us like Kobe Bryant very much4. She became a doctor in 19985. T

16、he books lying on the floor are mine6. Suddenly it begins to rain7. To catch the train , I got up early yesterday8. I always find her happy9. He wonders If I still study English11. We always work hard at English. 12. He said he didnt come.13.They love each other.14.What did you bye?15.She watched he

17、r daughter playing the piano.16.your job today is to help the old.17.Speaking doesnt mean doing.18.Bye the time I got to the station,the train had left.19.The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage.20.It takes me an hour to get there.挑出下列句中的賓語 My brother hasnt

18、 done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. They made him monitor of

19、 the class. Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. You will find it useful after you leave school. They didnt know who Father Christmas really is.Unit 7 Seasons1. bring me my clothes2. look cool 看上去酷bring sth. to sb. = bring sb. sth. 把某物拿給某人feel cool 感覺涼爽3. Which season do yo

20、u like best ? = Which season is your favourite ?4. enjoy ice cream 享受冰淇淋5. be full of =.be filled with 充滿了 .6. forget to grow 忘記生長7. fly far away 飛到遠方fly away to 飛到 .8. the days of spring 春天的日子9. play among flowers 在花間嬉戲10. hide from the April showers 躲避四月的春雨11. be busy with sth. 忙于 .12. the snowy s

21、eason 雪季be busy doing sth. 忙于做 13. those sweet memories of summer days 那些夏日甜美的記憶have a good memory 有好記性14. once again 再一次、又一次15rhyme with 和 押運16. on a hot summer afternoon 在一個炎熱夏日的下午17. rise quickly 快速上升18. cover the whole earth 覆蓋整個大地20. be busy harvesting crops 忙于收獲莊稼23. from morning till night 從早

22、到晚25. have a high fever 發高燒27. see sb. kicking the ball 看見某人踢球see sb. doing sth. 看見某人正在干某事30. turn more cloudy 變得更加烏云密布32. stay above zero 保持在零度以上34. ring you later 稍后給你打電活19. under the shade of trees 在樹蔭下22. turn brown 變成褐色24. catch a bad cold 得了重感冒26. cough a lot 咳嗽的厲害28. take me to the hospital 送

23、我去醫院29. drop below zero 降到零度以下31with daytime temperature around 18 degrees33. speak louder 講大點聲35. take care 保重19. during this time of year 一年的這個期間20. during this time of year 一年的這個期間21. the best season of the year 一年最好的季節22. make people sleepy 使得人們昏昏欲睡23. cover. with 用 把 覆蓋 24. be covered in deep w

24、hite snow 被覆蓋在深深的白雪下25. make snowmen 堆雪人26. use carrots for their noses 用胡蘿卜做它們的鼻子一、重點句子1. I bet you ll look cool and feel cool with nothing on.2. It is foggy/ sunny today.= It is a foggy/sunny day.= There is a lot of fog today.3. It s the best time to play football outside4. Winter days are full of

25、 snow.5. What a perfect time to fly a kite !6. Bees and butterflies play among flowers.7. Eating ice cream to feel cool.8. Fall into piles upon the ground.9. Autumn leaves turn brown.10.Farmers work to harvest crops.13. Snowstorms from the north will arrive in the late afternoon.15. Sunshine and blu

26、ie skies will stay with us for the rest of the week.16. This is Aunt Jane Speaking.17. The wind is blowing hard.18. How s the weather in Nanjing ? = What s the weather like in Nanjing ?19. Heavy fog os not healthy for people. 20. The sudden heavy rain causes a lot of problems.22. Many pople in the s

27、treet have to cover their faces with scaves.23. It is exciting to have big snowball fights.24. We throw snowballs at each other , screaming and laughing.二、語法總結句子結構：Farmers harvest crops.1. S + V The temperature drops. 2. S + V + O 3. S + V + P Autumn leaves turn brown. 4. S + V + IO + DO Hobo brough

28、t Eddie his clothes.5. S + V + DO + OC Eddie is watching Hobo work.、短語翻譯1. 把我的衣服帶來給我3. 在花叢中嬉戲5. 變成褐色7. 在一個炎熱的夏季的下午9. 忙于收割莊稼11. 得了重感冒13. 糟糕的一天15. 在下午的晚些時候17. 一周的其余的時間里19. 在下雪的日子里21. 堆雪人23. 秋天是在戶外踢足球的最好時候。24. 白天更短氣溫下降。25. 冰淇淋嘗起來美味。26. 太陽長在照耀。27. 明天將會有幾場陣雨28. 今天天氣如何？29. 風正猛烈地吹。30. 突發的大雨引發很多問題。31. 濃霧對人們

29、不健康。2. 在夏季 4. 躲避四月的陣雨6. 一堆堆落在地上8. 下降到-5 10. 從早到晚12. 發高燒14. 咳得厲害16. 伴隨著 30 多度的氣溫18. 用圍巾捂住臉20. 被覆蓋在深深的白雪中22. 結冰Revision Unit 7一、單項選擇()1. If you like basketball , you enjoy it even on hot days.A. pratice B. to practice C. practices D. practicing()2. We will go to the Great Wall if it tomorrow.A. won t

30、rain B. doesn t rain C. don t rain D. didn t rain()3. is the weather like today ?A. HowB. WhyC. WhenD. What()4. I can t you clearly , What did you just now ?A. listen to; say B. hear; say C. listen to; speak D. hear; speak()5. It is a day to day and many drivers cann t see clearly.A. wind B. windyC.

31、 fogD. foggy()6. - weather !Shall we go the park ?- . Let s go.A. What a fine; Sounds great B. What fine; Sounds greatC. What a fine; You re right D. What fine; You are right()7. She is an girl. She always speaks to others .A. polite; politelyB. impolite; rudelyC. impolite; politelyD. polite; rudely

32、()8. “ Sandy gave the doves some food. ” The sentence structure is A. S+V+DO B. S+V+P C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO+OC()9. They made him monitor of the class. The sentence structure is .A. S+V+DO+OC B. S+V D. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+P()10. I hope you good results in the exam.A. to getB. can get C. gettingD. got()

33、11. How does the weather change when autumn comes ? The tree leaves andthe temperature .A. turn green ; drops slowlyB. turn brown; rises quicklyC. turn green; rises quicklyD. turn brown; drops slowly()12. Don t worry. There is time left.A. a little B. littleC. a few D. few()13. Your shoes under the

34、bed bad. Put them in the sun, please.A. smell terribly B. are smelt terrible C. smell terrible D. are smelt terrible()14. Do you need more people you the vegetables.A. help; water B. to help; water C. help; to water D. to help; watering()15. - We can see bees and butterflies the flowers.A. to fly am

35、ong B. fly between C. play onD. play among二、單詞拼A. 根據句意及漢語提示，出正確單詞1 The ( 打架 ) in the action films have bad effects on teenagers.2 It looks as if a ( 陣雨 ) is coming up.3 I don t feel well and need to take my 體溫_( ).4 He watched the smoke ( 升起 ) from his cigarette.5 I can t hear you. The wind is 吹_() hard.6 The children threw snowmen at each other,（尖叫）and laughing.7 It s too吵（鬧）here.Ican thearyou.B.首字母填空I love winter. White snow c the whole earth. It is e to make snowmen . In Harbin, there are beautiful ic