1、模擬演練（二 ）A（2017南京四校聯(lián)考）Today， knowledge can be found in any place.With the Internet having become accessible to nearly everyone， it s now possible to study and get knowledge on any subject without having to attend college， or going for a university course.However， as convenient as it may seem， can lea

2、rning on your own really match or be even better than traditional education ？ In the following lines， we examine the advantages of formal education as well as being self-educated.Perhaps the biggest advantage of being self-taught is that you re able to save a lot of money.Today， to get a degree ， on

3、e has to spend thousands of dollars on college fees ， books， transportation， etc.However， being self-taught means that you don t have to pay most of these expenses.You re only required to spend on important books.Learning by oneself is quite likely to require much time.However ， it s possible to lea

4、rn faster on your own， by concentrating on only those areas you re interested in.Besides， by being self-taught， you ll be able to avoid unimportant subjects and instead concentrate only on those that are necessary for the field you want to get into.What s more， unlike a formal education system ， the

5、re are no set rules when you choose to self-educate.You aren t supposed to read a particular book ， watch a video， take a test， etc.， at particular times.This lets you manage your study time based on your own convenience.You can thus work full-time and at the same time learn part-time ， which makes

6、you gain income as well as valuable real-time work experience.However ， there are also advantages of formal education.For example ， you can get a college degree which means you ve achieved a level of knowledge in that particular field.Many companies tend to prefer those who have a college degree.So，

7、 if you possess a degree， you naturally gain an advantage over other people while looking for a job.College and university curriculums are designed to offer as complete a level of knowledge on the subject as possible.These curriculums are based on tried and tested methods ， which make sure you get t

8、o learn a subject in the best ， and the most complete manner.Being formally educated also means that you ll get into a college or university ， where you will be guided by learned teachers and other subject experts.Thus， both formal education and self-education have their own advantages.Neither is be

9、tter than the other.In the end， the choice between the two comes down to personal preference and situation.Self-education and Formal EducationIntroduction?Nearly everyone has l.access to the Internet, so it is possible for people to be self-taught.?Which one is better, self-education or formal educa

10、tion ?Advantages of self-education?Self-education is less 2.expensive because it can make you have no need to pay for college fees , transportation, etc. ?By concentrating on what 3.interests you , you can learn faster.What' s more, you can 4.avoid subjects unnecessary for the field you ' ll

11、 work on.?5.Without setting rules in self-education , you can study whenever it' s convenient for you.?You can work while you learn , so you can be 6.paid and get experience as well.Advantages of formal education?7.Possession of a degree gives you an advantage over other people while hunting for

12、 a job.?Formal education makes you learn a subject in the best, and the most complete manner.?Formal education means that you can get 8.guidance from teachers and experts.9.Conclusion（s）?Both formal education and self-education have their own advantages.?When 10.choosing between the two , you should

13、 consider your own preference and situation.B（2017南通一模）What have we become ? A society in which someone can have hundreds of online friends and yet go for days without human contact.We scan ； we click ； we text people in the next room instead of speaking to them ; we even check our library books out

14、 by ourselves when once we might have chatted to a friendly person with an ink pad and a date stamp.Loneliness can be dangerous.Recent research suggests that it may shorten people' s lives and make them more vulnerable to serious illness.It can distort（ 扭曲）senses of reality and even become an el

15、ement that drives a few desperate young men to open fire on a cinema audience or a classroom full of children.Electronic voices on various devices can be the only ones some people hear.And what those voices say is not always true.No man is an island , we are frequently reminded.There are those who c

16、hoose to lead solitary（孤獨(dú)的）lives , and live them well , but on the whole we are sociable beings and we suffer if we are on our own too much.Human contact makes us happier , although virtual relationships can be very positive.So what could lonely people do to make real friends ? An answer, among many

17、 , is to read more books.Reading begins alone but becomes a shared activity when a reader, for example , joins a book group , attends a literary festival or signs up for a continuing education course on an aspect of literature that interests them.There' s no shame in turning up to any of these a

18、lone, and fellowship is guaranteed.Fellow readers may well turn out to be like-minded ; it' s a basis for new friendships and sustained relationships.Sharing an understanding of a book is a good way of sharing feelings safely.Literary characters can be useful as personas.But there is another imp

19、ortant reason why everyone should read more books , and in particular fiction.The responsibility to fight loneliness lies with those who do not suffer from it.Lonely people often feel that there is no one who understands them or can share their point of view.They need to know that actually there are

20、.That requires everybody else to make the imaginative leap of feeling that connection , and reading fiction helps.It makes people more empathic（移情）一sympathy for fictitious（虛構(gòu)的）characters can translate into compassion（同情）in real life.The stories of strangers reach us through many means： not only news

21、 bulletins , interviews , biography and memoir（ 回憶錄）,but also drama and fiction.Walking a mile in their shoes might help turn some of those strangers into real friends.Passage outlineSupporting detailsA phenomenon worth noting People today are becoming increasingly lonely , which is evidenced by the

22、 fact that face-to-face contact has been ll.decreasing/reduced/ decreased/replaced with the convenience of the Internet.Harms of lonelinessO People are more likely to suffer serious illness and even an 12.early death.OPeople can 13.confuse reality with virtual world and a few desperate people even t

23、ake extreme actions against innocent people.O People can only have access to information on the electronic devices, which makes them uncertain about the 14.truthSignificance of human contact Human contact can bring us more 15.happiness while virtual relationships can only bring us temporary comfort.

24、A 16.literary cure for loneliness Being actively 17.involved in various reading activitiesprovides opportunities for lonely people to make contact with others. Exchanging with other readers who share 18.similar/common interests with them lays foundation for friendships. Reading fiction helps those w

25、ho do not suffer from loneliness to 19.understand and have sympathy for lonely people. Exposing ourselves to a variety of forms of works and putting ourselves in others' 20.places/positions/ shoes can help develop real friendships.C（2017南京、鹽城一模）Until about 18 years ago , it was widely assumed th

26、at most of brain development occurs in the first few years of life.But recent research on the human brain has shown that many brain regions undergo prolonged development throughout adolescence and beyond in humans.This advancement in knowledge has increased old worries and given rise to new ones.It

27、is hugely worrying that so many teenagers around the world don ' t have access to education at a time when their brains are still developing and being shaped by the environment.We should also worry about our lack of understanding of how our rapidly changing world is shaping the developing teenag

28、e brain.Decades of research on early neurodevelopment suggested that the environment influences brain development.During the first few months or years of life , an animal must be exposed to particular visual or auditory stimuli（聽(tīng)覺(jué)刺激）for the associated brain cells and connections to develop.In this w

29、ay , neuronal circuitry（神經(jīng)元回路 ）is shaped according to the environment during asensitive periods" of brain development.This research has focused mostly on early development of sensory brain regions.What about later development of higher-level brain regions, which are involved in decision-making

30、, control and planning , as well as social understanding and self-awareness ? We knowthese brain regions continue to develop throughoutadolescence.However, we have very little knowledge about how environmental factors influence the developing teenage brain.This is something that should concern us.Th

31、ere' s a lot of concern about the hours some teenagers spend online and playing video games.But maybe all this worry is misplaced.After all , throughout history humans have worried about the effects of new technologies on the minds of the next generation.When the printing press was invented , th

32、ere was anxiety about reading corrupting young people ' s minds, and the same worries were repeated for the invention of radio and television.Maybe we shouldn ' t be worried at all.It' s possible that the developing brains of today' s teenagers are going to be the most adaptable, cre

33、ative , multi-tasking brains that have ever existed.There is evidence -from adultsthat playing video games improves a range of cognitive functions such as divided attention and working memory.Much less is known about how gaming, social networking and so on, influence the developing adolescent brain.

34、We don ' t know whether the effects of new technologies on the developing brain are positive , negative or neutral.We need to find out.Adolescence is a period of life in which the brain is developing and shapable , and it represents a good opportunity for learning and social development.However

35、, according to UNICEF,40% of the world ' s teenagers do not have access to secondary school education.The percentage of teenage girls who have no access to education is much higher, and yet there is strong evidence that the education of girls in developing countries has multiple significant benefits for family health , population growth rates , child mortality rates , HIV rates as well as for women ' s self-esteem and quality of life.Adolescence represents a time of brain development when teaching and training sho