1、中國018歲男童體重參照值(kg)年齡組下 等中下等中 等中上等上 等初 生2.542.923.303.684.061月3.844.475.105.736.362月4.725.446.166.887.603月5.406.196.987.778.564月5.946.757.568.379.185月6.267.148.028.909.786月6.747.688.629.5610.508月7.198.199.1910.1911.1910月7.578.619.6510.6911.7312月8.089.1210.1611.2012.2415月8.489.5910.7011.8112.9218月8.871

2、0.0611.2512.4413.6321月9.3110.5711.8313.0914.352.0歲10.0111.2912.5713.8515.132.5歲10.9012.2313.5614.8916.223.0歲11.4012.9114.4215.9317.443.5歲12.2713.8215.3716.9218.474.0歲12.6914.4616.2318.0019.774.5歲13.3615.3017.2419.1821.125.0歲14.0816.2118.3420.4722.605.5歲14.8817.1319.3821.6323.886.0歲15.7718.3720.9723.

3、5726.177.0歲15.2519.3023.3527.4031.458.0歲16.2120.9725.7330.4935.259.0歲17.2222.9428.6634.3840.1010.0歲18.4225.1531.8838.6145.3411.0歲20.1527.9235.6943.4651.2312.0歲22.2831.0139.7448.4757.2013.0歲27.0636.5145.9655.4164.8614.0歲31.2341.0350.8360.6370.4315.0歲36.3345.2254.1163.0071.8916.0歲39.3448.0756.8065.537

4、4.2617.018歲41.3349.7958.2566.7175.17中國018歲女童體重參照值(kg)年齡組下 等中下等中 等中上等上 等初 生2.482.843.203.563.921月3.674.244.815.385.952月4.445.095.746.397.043月5.025.726.427.127.824月5.516.267.017.768.515月5.996.767.538.309.076月6.207.108.008.909.808月6.717.688.659.6210.5910月7.118.109.0910.0811.0712月7.428.479.5210.5711.621

5、5月7.999.0410.0911.1412.1918月8.439.5410.6511.7612.8721月9.0110.1311.2512.3713.492.0歲9.5810.8112.0413.2714.502.5歲10.3111.6412.9714.3015.633.0歲11.1512.5814.0115.4416.873.5歲11.9013.4214.9416.4617.984.0歲12.4514.1315.8117.4919.174.5歲13.0414.9216.8018.6820.565.0歲13.9015.8717.8419.8121.785.5歲14.3616.5818.802

6、1.0223.246.0歲15.2617.8120.3622.9125.467.0歲15.0818.7022.3225.9429.568.0歲16.1220.3524.5828.8133.049.0歲17.3322.3927.4532.5137.5710.0歲18.6924.9031.1137.3243.5311.0歲21.1228.4435.7643.0850.4012.0歲24.6632.4240.1847.9455.7013.0歲28.9336.6944.4552.2159.9714.0歲32.5139.6246.7353.8460.9515.0歲34.6061.6548.7055.75

7、62.8016.0歲36.4143.1949.9756.7563.5317.018歲37.1943.7850.3756.9663.55中國018歲男童身高參照值(cm)年齡組下 等中下等中 等中上等上 等初 生47.048.750.452.153.81月52.354.656.959.261.52月55.658.060.462.865.23月58.460.763.065.367.64月60.762.965.167.369.55月62.464.767.069.371.66月64.466.869.271.674.08月67.069.572.074.577.010月69.472.074.677.279

8、.812月71.974.677.380.082.715月74.777.580.383.185.918月76.579.682.785.888.921月79.282.485.688.892.02.0歲82.385.789.192.595.92.5歲86.389.893.396.8100.33.0歲89.493.196.8100.5104.23.5歲92.696.4100.2104.0107.84.0歲95.599.6103.7107.8111.94.5歲98.9103.0107.1111.2115.35.0歲102.1106.3110.5114.7118.95.5歲104.7109.2113.71

9、18.2122.76.0歲108.5113.2117.9122.6127.37.0歲112.5118.2123.9129.6135.38.0歲116.8122.7128.6134.5140.49.0歲121.6127.7133.8139.9146.010.0歲125.6132.2138.8145.4152.011.0歲130.1137.3144.5151.7158.912.0歲134.0142.2150.4158.6166.813.0歲142.1150.4158.7167.0175.314.0歲149.5156.9164.3171.7179.115.0歲155.0161.3167.6173.9

10、180.216.0歲157.3163.4169.5175.6181.717.018歲158.3164.3170.3176.3182.3中國018歲女童身高參照值(cm)年齡組下 等中下等中等中上等上 等初 生46.648.249.851.453.01月51.753.956.158.360.52月54.656.959.261.563.83月57.259.461.663.866.04月59.461.663.866.068.25月60.963.265.567.870.16月62.865.267.670.072.48月65.668.170.673.175.610月68.170.773.375.978.

11、512月70.373.175.978.781.515月73.376.178.981.784.518月75.878.781.684.587.421月78.581.584.587.590.52.0歲81.384.788.191.594.92.5歲84.888.492.095.699.23.0歲88.792.395.999.5103.13.5歲91.695.499.2103.0106.84.0歲95.098.9102.8106.7110.64.5歲97.8102.0106.2110.4114.65.0歲101.6105.7109.8113.9118.05.5歲103.9108.4112.9117.4

12、121.96.0歲108.1112.6117.1121.6126.17.0歲111.7117.2122.7128.2133.78.0歲116.2122.0127.8133.6139.49.0歲120.7127.1133.5139.9146.310.0歲125.3132.4139.5146.6153.711.0歲131.6138.9146.2153.5160.812.0歲138.5145.1151.7158.3164.913.0歲143.7149.7155.7161.7167.714.0歲146.0151.6157.2162.8168.415.0歲147.3152.8158.3163.8169.

13、316.0歲147.6153.1158.6164.1169.617.018.0歲147.7153.2158.7164.2169.7中國07歲兒童頭圍參照值(cm)男童女童年齡組下平均值上等下平均值上等初 生31.934.3±1.236.731.533.9±1.236.31月35.538.1±1.340.735.037.4±1.239.82月37.139.7±1.342.336.538.9±1.241.33月38.441.0±1.343.637.740.1±1.242.54月39.742.1±1.244.5

14、38.841.2±1.243.65月40.643.0±1.245.439.742.1±1.244.56月41.544.1±1.346.740.443.0±1.345.68月42.545.1±1.347.741.544.1±1.346.710月43.045.8±1.448.642.444.8±1.247.212月43.946.5±1.349.143.045.4±1.247.815月44.547.1±1.349.743.646.0±1.248.418月45.247.6&

15、#177;1.250.044.146.5±1.248.921月45.548.1±1.350.744.546.9±1.249.32.0歲46.048.4±1.250.845.047.4±1.249.82.5歲46.649.0±1.251.445.648.0±1.250.43.0歲47.049.4±1.251.846.248.4±1.150.63.5歲47.449.8±1.252.246.448.8±1.251.24.0歲47.550.1±1.352.746.749.1±

16、;1.251.54.5歲47.850.4±1.353.047.049.4±1.251.85.0歲48.350.7±1.253.147.349.7±1.252.15.5歲48.550.9±1.253.347.650.0±1.252.46.07.0歲48.951.3±1.253.747.750.3±1.352.9        生長發育是嬰幼兒及青少年期所特有的生理現象。但生長發育不是簡單的身體由小增大的過程，而是一個十分復雜的現象。牽涉到個體細胞的

17、增加、分化，器官結構及功能的完善。小兒生長發育總的特點為：出生后頭2年身高、體重增長較快，2歲至青春期以前有較為穩定的增加，青春期快速增長，以后漸漸停止。體格發育有頭尾規律，即：嬰幼兒期頭部發育領先，隨著年齡的增長，頭增長不多而四肢、軀干增長速度加快。嬰兒期頭部高度占全身的1/4，成人頭高占身高的1/8。 常用的小兒生長發育指標有：體重、身高、頭圍、胸圍。 一、體重 體重是反映小兒生長發育的最重要也是最靈敏的指標。因為體重反映孩子的營養狀況，尤其是近期的營養狀況。體重可以受多種因素如：營養、輔食添加、疾病等的影響。體重在出生頭3個月增長最快，一般為月增長6001000克，最好不低于600克。3

18、6個月次之，一般月增長60 0800克。612個月平均每個月增長300克。1歲后小兒生長速度明顯減慢，13歲小兒平均每個月體重增長150克。1歲后小兒的體重可用下列公式計算：體重（kg）=年齡（歲）×2+7（或8） 二、身長 身長也是小兒生長發育的重要指標，但它反映的是長期營養狀況，短期內影響生長發育的因素（營養、疾病等）對身長影響不明顯。它主要受遺傳、種族和環境的影響較為明顯。身長的增加同體重一樣，也是在生后第一年增長最快，平均年增長25厘米。第二年平均增長10厘米，第三年平均增長47.5厘米。 幼兒期孩子的體型由嬰兒期的肥墩型向瘦長型轉變。這期間軀干稍長些，下肢稍短些。幼兒期后，四肢的增長逐漸快于軀干的增長。一歲以后平均身長的公式為：身長（cm）=年齡（歲）×5 +80（cm）。小兒的身長與體重都可以用國際衛生組織的標準來評價。 三、頭圍 頭圍是反映孩子腦發育的一個重要指標。頭圍在生后第一年增長最快。出生時頭圍平均34cm；1歲時平均46cm；第二年增加2cm，第三年增長12cm。3歲時頭圍平均為48cm，已與成人相差不很多了。由此可看出，腦發育主要在生后頭3年。正常小兒后囟門3個月閉合，前囟門1歲1 歲半閉合。過遲閉合要考慮有無佝僂病的可能。有的孩子出生時囟門就較小，閉合也會早些。這與母親孕期營養狀況較好有關。因此