1、. 定語從句知識(shí)構(gòu)造圖解 概念：定語可以由形容詞,名詞,代詞,分詞,不定式以及介詞短語等來擔(dān)任，也可以由一個(gè)句子來充當(dāng)，充當(dāng)定語功能的句子稱為定語從句。 指人的先行詞 先行詞： 被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞 指物的先行詞 先行詞還可以是前面整個(gè)句子所表達(dá)的事情。 He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. which替代前面所表達(dá)的事情 先行詞 替代前面的先行詞 替代作用 關(guān)系詞的作用 連接主句和定語從句 連接作用 在定語從句中作句子成分成分作用 定語從句“三要素 關(guān)系詞: 引導(dǎo)定語的詞 標(biāo)準(zhǔn):根據(jù)關(guān)系詞在從句中做的句子

2、成分種類關(guān)系詞的分類 關(guān)系代詞：在從句中做 主,賓，表，定 that/which/who/whom/whose/as 關(guān)系副詞：在從句中作狀語 When/where/why 定語從句：用來做定語，修飾限定先行詞的句子。 限制性定語從句：對(duì)先行詞起限定修飾作用。定 He is a teacher who works at our school. 定語從句的分類 非限制性定語從句：對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說明作用 先行詞與定語從句之間有逗號(hào)隔開語 Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history.

3、比較: He has two sons, who work in the same company. He has only two sons.從 He has two sons who work in the same company. Perhaps he has two more sons句 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語 She is the girl whom / that I loved before. 可以省略whom/that 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語關(guān)系代詞的省略 He is no longer the boy that he used to be. 可以省略that限定性定語

4、從句 關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語，介詞在從句句尾時(shí)可以省略 Housing price is a problem that/which people are interested in. 比較: Housing price is a problem in which people are interested. 此時(shí)只能用which且不能省略 以疑問詞who開頭的句子中 定語從句幾個(gè)難點(diǎn) Who is the man that is shouting there? 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時(shí) 用that的情況 She is not the girl that she used to be. 先行詞被th

5、e very, the right, the only修飾 This is the very person that we are looking for.先行詞是人 that/who的區(qū)別 先行詞是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等 Those who want to go to the cinema will have towait at the gate of the school. 句子中有兩個(gè)定語從句,一個(gè)用了that,另外一用who的情況 個(gè)用who Who is the boy that won the gold medal? 在ther

6、e be 構(gòu)造中 There are many young men who are against him. 在非限定性定語從句當(dāng)中 Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study. 在非限定性定語從句中.She lost the game, which depressed her greatly. 關(guān)系詞置于介詞之后,作賓語. The pen with which you write is Jacks. 用which的情況 先行詞是that或定語從句中套定語從句,一個(gè)關(guān)系詞用that,另一個(gè)用which. Let me show yo

7、u the novel that I borrowed from the library which is newly open to us. 先行詞是不定代詞如all, little, few, much,先行詞是物 anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等 that / which的區(qū)別 She did all that she could to help us. 先行詞被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only, the very, the right，the last等所修飾時(shí) This i

8、s the very book that I want. 先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí) She described in her compositions the people and 用that的情況 the places that impressed her most. 先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。 This is the best book that I have ever read. This is the first film that Ive seen since I came here. 定語從句中套定語從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系詞以用which, 另外一個(gè)用that He buil

9、t a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.定 當(dāng)主句的主語是疑問詞which,另一個(gè)用that Who is the person that is standing at the gate?語 定語從句10個(gè)難點(diǎn) As 既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句也可以用于非限定性定 句中充當(dāng)主語，賓語，表語等。 常用于以下句型當(dāng)中從 Such/so. as. 像.一樣 the same . as 和.同樣的 A computer is so useful a machine as we can use everyday.

10、句 As引導(dǎo)定語從 He is not the same man as he was. 句的用法 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，此時(shí)譯為“正如，像等。 可以放在句首，句中或句末。As I remember, there were a net bar here. Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, as is known to all. the same as.和the same that.引導(dǎo)定語從句的區(qū)別This is the same bike that I lost yesterday. 同一事物 This is the same bike as I

11、lost yesterday. 同類事物 When 在定語從句中做時(shí)間狀語，先行詞為表示時(shí)間的time, day等 I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. when=on which Where 在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語，先行詞為表地點(diǎn)的place, spot等 Can you tell me the office where he works? where = in which Why 在定語從句中做原因狀語，先行詞只有reason.關(guān)系副詞的運(yùn)用 I dont want to listen to any reason wh

12、y you were absent. why = for which 關(guān)系副詞 = 相應(yīng)的介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞 Where引導(dǎo)的定語從句還可以修飾抽象空間的名詞如case情形，situation, position位置,stage 階段，point地步等 What are the situations where body language is the only form of communication? 在哪些情況下身體語言是唯一的溝通方式。 此時(shí)where = in which way在定語從句中做狀語時(shí)的三種引導(dǎo)方式 that / in which / 不填 The way in wh

13、ich / that / 不填 he explains the sentence to us is quite simple. 比較: The way which /that/不填 he told to us was quite simple.way在定語中作tell的賓語 time表示“次數(shù)時(shí)，用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句幾個(gè)特殊 先行詞time This is the first time that the president has visited the country.的先行詞 time作“一段時(shí)間 講時(shí)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when This was the time when ther

14、e were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets. 此時(shí)when = during which 在.期間 先行詞reason當(dāng)在定語從句中作狀語時(shí)，定語從句的4種引導(dǎo)方式 why/for which/that/不填 This is the reason why/for which/that/不填 he can not come here. 比較：Is this the reason that/which/不填he explained to us for his absence from the conference. reason 在定語從句中做exp

15、lain的賓語 該構(gòu)造的關(guān)系代詞只有兩種即 介詞+which指物 介詞+whom指人該構(gòu)造介詞的選用原那么： 根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣搭配 This is the book on which I spent $ 8. This is the book for which I paid $ 8. 根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣 I remember the days during which I lived there. I remember the day on which I graduated from university. 介詞+關(guān)系代詞 根據(jù)整個(gè)句子所表達(dá)的意思來決定 The colorl

16、ess gas without which we cant live is called oxygen. 英語中為了強(qiáng)調(diào)某一名詞，不定式前面也可以加上關(guān)系代詞。 Here is the money with which to buy the piano. She is the right person on whom to depend. 定 注意:假如介詞后移，關(guān)系代詞可以省略 The person whom/who/that you will write to is Todd.語 定語從句10個(gè)難點(diǎn) 有些含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語介詞不能提早如 look for/after; take care

17、of; send for; hear from/of/about deal with等從 This is the baby that you will look after.句 領(lǐng)先行詞是 one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞，定語從句的位于動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式 The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitor定語從句的 every year. 主謂一致 領(lǐng)先行詞是 the only + one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞，從句謂語用單數(shù)形式 The Great Wall is the only one of t

18、he buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon. 先行詞假如是整個(gè)句子，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all. He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. 定語從句可以轉(zhuǎn)換為 ing或-ed形式 定語從句的 The girl who is dancing now just returned from Taiwan. 轉(zhuǎn)化 I love the stories

19、 which were written by Hemingway. The man who stands standing there is my friend. 判斷從句是否為定語從句 先行詞，關(guān)系詞，定語從句 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分 主、賓、表、定、狀 10.定語從句的 從而正確選定使用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞 解題方法 例：Is this the museum _ you visited a few days ago? Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held？ A. where B. that C. on which D. what

20、注意：.關(guān)系代詞whose的用法。Whose在定語從句中做定語。領(lǐng)先行詞是人： whose = the + 名詞 + of whom 領(lǐng)先行詞是物：whose = the + 名詞 + of which Do you know the boy whose parents / the parents of whom are on holiday? Id like a room whose window / the window of which faces the sea. .That引導(dǎo)定語從句，名詞性從句 和 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)別 定語從句中的that: 關(guān)系代詞，在后面的定語從句中做句子成分。

21、名詞性從句中的that: 附屬連詞，只起連接主從句的作用，在從句中不做句子成分。 強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的that, 運(yùn)用于it is/wasthat.構(gòu)造；判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：去掉強(qiáng)調(diào)句型構(gòu)造，成分仍然完好。 比較：This is the book that I am looking for. that 引導(dǎo)定語從句 It is at Bashu middle school that I have studied for three years. that和前面的it is構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 The fact that he stole the money surprised all of us. that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從

22、句-同位語從句 That he will come to the conference has excited all of us. that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句-主語從句 We all expect that they win, for members of their team are stronger. that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句-賓語從句 The reason for your failure is that you lack confidence in yourself. that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句-表語從句定語從句練習(xí)題： 1. They will fly to Washington, _ t

23、hey plan to stay for two or three days.A. whereB. thereC. whichD. when2. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _ are beyond our control. A. most of themB. most of whichC. most of whatD. most of that3. I will give you my friends home address, _ I can be reached most eveni

24、ngs. A. whichB. whenC. whomD. where4. All the neighbors admire this family, _ the parents are treating their child like a friend.A. whyB. whereC. whichD. that5. Villagers here depend on the fishing industry, _ there wont be much work. A. whereB. thatC. by whichD. without which6. For many cities in t

25、he world, there is no room to spread out further, _ New York is an example. A. for whichB. in whichC. of whichD. from which7. We went through a period _ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. A. whichB. whoseC. in whichD. with which8. We shouldnt spend our money testing so many peopl

26、e, most of _ are healthy.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whom9. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it. A. none of themB. both of themC. none of whomD. neither of whom10. It is reported that two schools, _ are being built in my home town, will open next year. A. they bothB

27、. which bothC. both of themD. both of which11. By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, _ can be very eye-opening and rewarding. A. whoB. whichC. whatD. that12. Look out! Dont get too close to the house_ _roof is under repair. A. whose B. which C. of which D. wha

28、t13. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us._ we gave some bells and glasses. A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which14. Many children，_ parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village. A. their B. whose C. of them D.

29、with whom15. What do you think of teaching, Bob？ I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting. A. where B. which C. when D. that16. The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which17. S

30、he brought with her three friends, none of _ I had ever met before.A. them B. who C. whom D. these18.Whenever I met her, _ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. A. who B. which C. when D. that19.Life is like a long race _we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. A. why B. what C.

31、 that D. where20. That is such a well-known place_everyone wants to visit _we can find it in the map of the world. A. that; which B. as; as C. that; that D. as; that 2019高考英語單項(xiàng)選擇題分類匯編 定語從句【2019全國(guó)卷II】 That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A. thatB. whichC. wha

32、tD. when【2019安徽】29. lot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.A. as B. it C. which D. this【2019重慶】29. Sales director is a position _communication ability is just as important as sales skills

33、.A. which B. that C. when D. where【2019北京】26. When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.A. that B. which C. where D. when 【2019福建】23. The air quality in the city, _ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.A. that B. it C. as D. wh

34、at【2019陜西】14. It is the third time that she has won the race, _ has surprised us all.A. that B. where C. which D. what【2019山東】23. Maria has written two novels, both of _ have been made into television series.A. them B. that C. which D. what【2019湖南】34. Care of the soul is a gradual process _ even the

35、 small details of life should be considered.A. what B. in what C. which D. in which【2019天津】7. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _ help I would never have got this far.A. who B. whose C. whom D. which【2019江西】28. By 16:30, _ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.A. whi

36、ch B. when C. what D. that【2019四川】13. In our class there are 46 students, _ half wear glasses.A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them【2019浙江】9. We live in an age _ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which 【2019浙江】17. Ellen was a paint

37、er of birds and of nature, _, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.A. which B. who C. where D. whom【2019江蘇】22. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.A. which B. who C. where D. what 練習(xí)、定語從句一、把以下每對(duì)句子合并成含

38、有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句：1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.4. The students will not pass the exam . They dont study hard.5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.6. The

39、 letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.11. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop.12.

40、Thats the child. We were looking at his drawing just now.13. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer.14. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework havent been handed in.15. Is that the woman? Her daughter is in my class.16. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees.17. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were ri