1、用心 愛心 專心初二英語初二英語寒假專題寒假專題閱讀理解技巧（一）閱讀理解技巧（一）教科版教科版【本講教育信息本講教育信息】一. 教學內容： 寒假專題閱讀理解技巧（一）二. 教學內容：（一） “閱讀理解”題型 閱讀理解短文選材廣泛，內容豐富，往往涉及到日常生活、人物傳記、國內外風土人情、故事傳說、社會文化、政治經濟、史地科技、小品、自然現象、新聞報道、體育活動、廣告說明、書信通知、目錄等許多方面的知識。文體多采用敘述、描寫、說明、議論及應用文等形式。閱讀理解短文的思考題類型有：A. 回答 wh引導的疑問句，可在短文中直接找到答案。B. 轉換理解。就是把短文中的某些詞匯或短語用正確的英語釋義替換

2、。C. 概括綜合回答。提出的問題讓考生用簡捷語言概括綜合答出。D. 推理判斷。讓考生在理解全篇短文后，對某一問題進行推理判斷正誤。（二）閱讀理解題答題技巧：在快速瀏覽全篇文章，了解文章內容的基礎上，考生要注意：1. 抓住文章首句 文章中的頭一句話往往是短文中關鍵的語句，即文章的主題句，是探察全文內容的窗口。了解首句含義，就可以順著提供的主要線索去捕捉文章的關鍵詞語，從而獲得解決問題的答案。2. 細察段首段尾 每段首句和尾句，一般是表達文章中的主題和段落中心思想的，各段的段落大意往往概括在一個主題句中，其它句子只是對主題句的補充、說明、解釋或引申。因此，起讀之后，視域內首先要搜索目標，即段落中的

3、主題句。英語短文的主題句一般都在段落末尾或開頭。3. 進行合理推斷 對文章有了詳細、全面了解之后，就要按照文章要求，上下文的邏輯關系，作出推進判斷。閱讀理解涉及詞匯、語法、句型、段落結構、文化背景等各方面因素。答題時要領會句子之間的邏輯關系，特別是相鄰句子之間的關系，這樣有利于理解全文。表示邏輯關系的標志詞是連接詞、副詞、代詞、介詞、關系詞、插入語，通讀時應特別注意。如：if，because，though，as，which，it，and，but，however，therefore，so，for，example，Im afraid，so that，sothat 等詞語。它們在上下文中具有條件、原

4、因、讓步，指代、遞進、對比、列舉、結果、目的、承上啟下等作用，分布在文章中的各個位置，起著指示路燈的作用，正確理解并掌握這些詞匯的作用，對閱讀理解短文是大有好處的。例：Mr. Black gave his wife money every Friday evening, but she always spent it before the next Wednesday. For the next three days she had none. Every Tuesday evening Mr. Black asked her, “But what did you spent all that

5、 money on?” and she always answered, “I dont know”.One Friday Mr. Black brought home an exercise book and a pencil and gave them to his wife 用心 愛心 專心along with the money. “Now look!” he said to her, “When you get money from me, write it down on this page, and on the next page write down what happens

6、 to the money.” When Mr. Black came home the next Tuesday, his wife came to him and showed him the book, “I have done what you told me”, she said happily. On the first page she had written“Friday,28th June I got 18 from John” and on the next page, “Tuesday,2nd July, I have spent it all.”解題： 通讀全文可知故事

7、發生的時間：每星期五晚上；下星期三之前；星期五的一天；6 月28 日（星期五） ；（7 月 2 日） （星期二） ；地點：布萊克先生家里； 人物：布萊克先生和他的妻子； 事件：布萊克先生每星期五晚上給他妻子錢，他妻子總是在星期三之前花完；接著可根據上述提供的線索進一步分析可知：星期三、四、五他妻子沒花錢；星期五的一天，布萊克買回一個練習本和一支鉛筆，并隨同錢一起交給妻子；布萊克告訴妻子， “當你從我這拿錢時，記在第一頁上，下一頁記錢是怎么花的。 ”布萊克先生下星期二回家時，她妻子告訴他：6 月 28 日（星期五）她收到 18 英磅；7 月 2 日（星期二）把錢花完； 經過綜合分析，了解了文章的

8、詳細內容，這樣就可按照要求進行判斷回答了。按要求回答下面五個問題： （ ） （1）Mr. Black how she had spend the money.A. wanted to know B. knew quite wellC. had no ideaD. often asked herself從上述分析可容易地找到答案應為 C。（ ） （2）By evening there was no more money left for Mrs. Black.A. TuesdayB. WednesdayC. ThursdayD. Friday 從上面分析可排除 C、D，經推測到星期二晚上，她已沒

9、有更多的錢了，因為星期三已沒錢花了，故選擇答案 A。 （ ） （3）Mr. Black told his wife to write down on the next page.A. When she spent the money;B. where she spent the money;C. why she spent so much money; D. What she bought with the money 分析后應選擇答案 D，因為 D 說明她用錢買什么東西，正是短文中所談及的內容。（ ） （4）Mrs. Black began to write down how much he

10、r husband had given her . A. at the beginning of July B. by the end of June C. on Friday evening D. every weekend 分析應選擇答案 B，因為 6 月 28 日正是 6 月末。 （ ） （5）In the end Mr. Black was sure .A. that his wife had it if saving money B. that most of the money had been spent on foodC. about how the money had bee

11、n spent D. that his wife spent her money without much care or thought 經分析可排除 A、B、C，只剩 D“她妻子花錢”為正確答案。4. 豐富常識儲備 多了解些常識性知識很有利于閱讀理解。如果對有關文章的情況有所了解，讀起文章用心 愛心 專心一定既省時又省力。因此，在學習過程中，了解各方面的背景知識是十分重要的。所以考生平時對教材內容所涉及的歷史背景知識應該掌握。最低也要了解基本常識。中學初一至高三的教材中，包含著廣泛的背景知識。考生應了解下列知識：主要作家、藝術家及其主要作品； 科普常識：生態平衡、環境污染、自由落體理論、水

12、的三態變化、相對論、計算機應用、人造地球衛星、登月紀實、諾貝爾獎金等。了解西方社會風土人情、社交活動、新年、圣誕節活動、宗教信仰、罷工斗爭、失業現象、風俗習慣等；了解教材、閱讀材料及課后短文；博覽群書，擴大視野，拓寬知識面； 考生應多讀一些課外閱讀材料，如外國文藝、英語畫刊、世界知識畫報、中學英語各類刊物等。多看一些新聞聯播，世界各地和各類英語講座；使用各種工具書，查閱各類名詞、術語、重大事件；記熟常用的縮略詞語。 5. 猜測推敲生詞閱讀短文時，常常遇到一些生詞。這時，考生要沉著、冷靜，細心思考。首先要把整段、整篇文章看完。通過對全篇短文的閱讀理解，很可能猜測出生詞的大意。還可以從生詞的上下句

13、子，以及句子和段落之間的關系來判斷、理解生詞以求獲得其真正含意。 猜測生詞的另一種方法是，根據詞型推測。遇到生詞后，可從構詞法角度分析判斷生詞。例如：unforeseeable 一詞，其中詞根 foresee，fore 的含意是“先前、預見的”意思，un 前綴是“不”的意思，因此可以猜知，此詞是“未能預見”的形容詞。6. 細扣題目要求縱觀歷年高考試題，閱讀理解試題一般有以下幾種答題法：一是完形填空法；二是多項選擇法；三是短文內容直接回答 who、whom、which、what、where、when、why、how等疑問詞的問題；四是綜合概括回答法。在閱讀文章時，有時試題內容恰好是你所熟悉的題材

14、，但不能立刻就答，一定要仔細看完、看清楚試題要求再回答。因為試題的要求往往與你所想象的有出入，不能馬虎。 總之，閱讀理解試題是中、高考試題中最重要的一項內容，在試題中占有舉足輕重的地位。如果考生按上述答題方法去做，一定會在各類閱讀理解試題上，取得比較理想的成績。【模擬試題模擬試題】 （答題時間：30 分鐘）閱讀理解AMr. Smith usually got up late in the morning, so Mrs. Smith always called him up in order to make him not to be late for work. One day, they

15、had a loud and long quarrelling, so they were not speaking to each other. In the evening Mr. Smith handed his wife a piece of paper. He had written “call me at 7 in the morning” on it. Then without a word, he went to sleep. Next morning, when Mr. Smith woke up, it was already 9:30.He got up and put

16、on his clothes quickly. As he went out, he found another piece of paper on the table. “Its seven oclock. Get up!”（A）根據短文內容，對下面一個句子作出判斷，如句子與短文內容相符，在題前括用心 愛心 專心號內寫（T） ，如不符則寫（F） 。（ ）1. Mr. Smith woke up earlier than his wife every morning.（ ）2. After the quarrelling. Mr. Smith still wanted his wife to

17、wake him up.（ ）3. Mr. Smith did not speak to his wife the whole evening.（ ）4. Mrs. Smith did not want to speak to him either.（ ）5. Mr. Smith might be late for work that morning.（B）根據短文內容，從下面每小題的 a、b、c、d 四個答案中，選擇一個正確答案，把它的序號填入左邊括號內。（ ）1. If Mrs. Smith did not wake him up, usually Mr. Smith might _.a.

18、 be late for work b. get angry c. sleep all day d. quarrel with his wife（ ）2. Why werent they speaking to each other?a. They had quarreled b. They couldnt speak c. They were afraid to speak d. They wanted to be quiet（ ）3.Why did Mr. Smith write a piece of paper to ask his wife to call him up the nex

19、t morning?a. He liked writing b. He was afraid that his wife might forgetc. They had just quarreled d. They were not speaking to each other.（ ）4.Mrs.Smith woke up the next morning_.a. before 7b. after 7c. at 9:30 d. at 6:30（ ）5.Mr.Smith woke up late by _.a. two and a half hours b. one hour c. half a

20、n hourd. about three hoursBMr. Smith gave his wife money every Friday evening. His wife always spent it all before the next Wednesday, so that for the next three days she had no money to spend at all. One day, Mr. Smith asked her, “But how did you spend all that money?” She answered, “I dont know.”

21、So one Friday evening, Mr. Smith gave her money together with an exercise book and a pencil. He said to his wife, “Please write down how you spend the money.” Next Tuesday, his wife had no money again. Mr. Smith took the exercise book to see how she had spent it. “I have done what you told me,” She

22、said gladly. She had written “Friday, I got 18 pounds from Mr. Smith” on the first page, and on the second page, she wrote, “Tuesday, I have spent it all.”（A）根據短文內容，對下面五個句子作出判斷，如句子與短文內容相符，在題前括號內寫（T） ，如不符則寫（F） 。（ ）1. Mr. Smith gave money to his wife.（ ）2. Mrs. Smith had no money to spend on Wednesdays.（ ）3. Mrs. Smith did what her husband asked her to do.