1、省鎮(zhèn)中高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專題 語法專題四：時(shí)態(tài)1. 現(xiàn)在時(shí)(Present tenses)時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)與用法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：do/does/be(am/is/are)用法：1. 表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)。 2. 表示客觀規(guī)律、真理；特征、性格等。 3. 用于標(biāo)題，小說、劇本、圖片等中的情節(jié)介紹。 4. 用于時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀從中，表將來。 5. 表示按計(jì)劃、規(guī)定的時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，如時(shí)刻表等。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：be(am/is/are) doing; 或 be + adv. / prep. (如：in, on, under等)用法：1. 表示現(xiàn)在、現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生、進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 2. 常與go, le

2、ave, come, arrive, stay, move等連用，表示將來的動(dòng)作。 3. 與always, forever等連用，表示動(dòng)作的反復(fù)，含厭倦或贊賞的意思。注意：1. 表示感覺、心理、結(jié)果性的動(dòng)詞一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。 2. 常見表進(jìn)行的副詞、介短：in progress in operation on show現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has done用法：1. 過去發(fā)生且結(jié)束，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響。2. 過去發(fā)生且持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。3. 在以下兩個(gè)句型中，其從句要求用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： It (This) is the first (last, second, third,) time that I

3、t (This) is the best (worst, most interesting,) + n. + that完成進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has been doing用法：過去發(fā)生，目前還在進(jìn)行，且可能持續(xù)下去，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性。鞏固練習(xí)：1. Ive won a holiday for two days to Florida. I my mum.A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have taken2. Because farmland _quickly, the government is considering solving t

4、he problem. A. is being lost B. is lost C. is losing D. loses3. John and I _ friends for 8 years. We first got to know each other at a party. But we_ each other a couple of times before that. A. had been; have been B. have been; have been C. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen4. Dad will come

5、to see me when I _ the training course. A. will have finished B. will finish C. are finishing D. finish5. -Did he notice you enter the room? -I dont think so. He _ to the radio with his eyes shut. A. listened B. was listening C. has listened D. had listened6. We _ our new neighbors yet, so we dont k

6、now their names. A. dont meet B. wont meet C. havent met D. hadnt met7. I have to go to work by taxi because my car _ at the garage. A. will be repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. be repaired8. -_ leave at the end of the month. -I dont think you should do that until _ another job. A. Im

7、going to; youd found B. Im going to; youve found C. Ill; youll find D. Ill; youd find9. I wont tell the student the answer to the math problem until he _ on it for an hour. A. has been working B. will have worked C. will have been working D. had worked10. The father as well as his three children _ s

8、kating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going11. I _ in London for many years, but Ive never regretted my final decision to move back to China. A. lived B. was living C. have lived D. had lived12. This machine _. It hasnt worked for years. A. did

9、nt work B. wasnt working C. doesnt work D. isnt working13. My friend, who _ on the IOC all his life, is retiring next month. A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served14. Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026_ off at 18:20. A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken15. -I dont su

10、ppose the police know who did it. -Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and _ now. A. has been questioned B. is being questioned C. is questioning D. has questioned 16. So far it is the best crosstalk I _. A. heard B. have heard C. will hear D. had heard17. -I will come to attend your

11、 lecture at 10:00 tomorrow. -Im sorry, but by then my lecture will have ended and I _ my guests in my office. A. is being met B. will meet C. will be meeting D. will have met18. -Hi, Tracy, you look tired. -I am tired. I _ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. h

12、ave painted19. With the development of science, more new technology _ to the field of IT.A. has introduced B. is being introduced C. is introduced D. was introduced20. The two friends _ on line for three hours, and they will go on. A. had been chatting B. had chatted C. were chatting D. have been ch

13、atting21. -Lets see if the baseball game has started yet. -Started? It must be clear who _ by now. A. is winning B. wins C. has won D. would win22. -Whats the matter, Jane? You look sad. -Oh, nothing much. As a matter of fact, I _ of my friends back home. A. was just thinking B. just thought C. have

14、 just been thinking D. have just thought23. He will have learned English for 8 years by the time he _ from university. A. will graduate B. will have graduated C. graduates D. is to graduate24. There was a knock at the door. It was the second time that someone _ me that evening. A. to have interrupte

15、d B. would have interrupted C. had interrupted D. to interrupt25. - Do you know our town at all? - No, this is the first time I here. A. was B. am going C. came D. have been2. 過去時(shí)(Past tenses)時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)與用法一般過去時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：did/be(was/were)用法：1. 表示過去的事情、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與yesterday, last night, a moment ago, the next day等過去的具體

16、時(shí)間狀語連用。 2. 表示過去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，可用used to / would + do結(jié)構(gòu)。 3. 用于時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀從中，表示過去的將來。 4. 用于虛擬語氣中：1）用于if條件從句中，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在、將來的虛擬；2）在wish / as if / if only / would rather / It is time等+從句中，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼奶摂M。 5. 表示剛才或過去不知，現(xiàn)在或說話時(shí)已知過去進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：be(was/were) + doing用法：1 表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 2 表示按計(jì)劃過去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。過去完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：had + done 總概念：過去的過去

17、。用法：1. 用于主從復(fù)合句中：兩個(gè)動(dòng)作皆發(fā)生在過去，前一個(gè)動(dòng)作用過去完成時(shí)。 2. 用于時(shí)間狀語為“by + 過去時(shí)間”的句子中。 3. 表示一種未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望和想法。 4. 用于“hardly/scarcelywhen; no soonerthan”的主句中。 5. 用于虛擬語氣中：表示與過去的事實(shí)相反。鞏固練習(xí)：1. Thousands of people took part in the work when the dam _. A. was built B. built C. was being built D. would be built2. Mr. James _ a city

18、bus for 20 years. Now he has retired. A. was driving B. drove C. has driven D. had driven3. We _ that you would be able to visit us, but you didnt. A. expected B. expect C. had expected D. were expecting4. Rose _ a book about China last month, but I dont know whether she has finished it. A. has writ

19、ten B. wrote C. had written D. was writing5. Joan could be a very attractive girl, but she _ no attention to her clothes. A. pays B. paid C. was paying D. had paid6. They should have finished the job before noon, but they _. A. dont B. didnt C. wont D. havent7. Wouldnt it be better if we _ a car? A.

20、 bought B. have bought C. buy D. could buy8. -Your phone number again, please. I _ quite catch it. -Its 9586440. A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant9. When I was at college, I _ 3 foreign languages, but I all except a few words for each. A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten C. had spoken

21、; had forgotten D. had spoken; have forgotten10. -We could have walked to the station. It was so near. -Yes. A taxi _ at all necessary. A. wasnt B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. isnt 11. The pen I _ I _ is on my desk, right under my nose.A. think; lost B. thought; had lost C. think; had lost D. though

22、t; have lost12. -What do you think of my suggestion? -I am sorry. I _ about something else. A. thought B. was thinking C. am thinking D. had thought13. I arrived late. I _ the road to be so crowded. A. wouldnt expect B. havent expected C. hadnt expected D. didnt expected14. When Mary dropped in, I _

23、 for a while and _ some reading. A. was playing; was going to do B. played; did C. had played; was going to do D. had played; did15. -I am sure you met Alice at the party last week. -I dont remember her. What _ she _? A. was; wearing B. had; worn C. did; wear D. would; wear16. -Excuse me, sir. Would

24、 you do me a favor? -Of course. What is it? -I _ if you could tell me how to fill out the form. A. had wondered B. was wondering C. would wonder D. did wonder17. John spent $3,000 more than he _ for the wedding. A. will plan B. has planned C. would plan D. had planned18. I _ along the street looking

25、 for a place to park when the accident _. A. went; was occurring B. went; occurred C. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred19. The water _ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. A. was felt B. is felt C. felt D. feels20. They _ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise theyd nev

26、er have been able to afford to go.A. had got B. got C. have got D. get21. -If the traffic hadnt been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 oclock. -What a pity! Tina _ here to see you. A. is B. was C. would be D. has been22. Before the first non-stop flight in 1949, it _ necessary for all planes to

27、land for refuel. A. would be B. have been C. had been D. would have been23. - I will come back tomorrow. - If only you _ yesterday.A. have comeB. had come C. came D. would come24. The crazy fans _ for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived.A. were waiting B. had been waiting C. h

28、ad waited D. would wait25. No sooner _ themselves in their seats in the theatre _ the curtain went up.A. they have settled; before B. had they settled; thanC. have they settled; when D. they had settled; than26. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which the Pacific, and we

29、met no storms. A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called3. 將來時(shí)(Future tenses)時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)和用法一般將來時(shí)總結(jié)構(gòu)：will/shall （用于第一人稱）+ do用法：表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。will: 1. 表示純將來或臨時(shí)的決定。2. 表示意志、意愿。3. 還可表現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。be going to: 1. 表示現(xiàn)在對(duì)將來的計(jì)劃、打算。 2. 表示現(xiàn)在對(duì)將來的推測(cè)。be doing: 進(jìn)行時(shí)表示就近將來要發(fā)生的事。be to do: 表示對(duì)將來的計(jì)劃、安排。be about

30、 to: 表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，句中不用表示未來的時(shí)間狀語。 （但當(dāng)be 為was / were時(shí)，則常與when狀從連用）過去將來時(shí)總結(jié)構(gòu)：would + do 用法：參考現(xiàn)在將來時(shí)注意：was / were + to do: 除表示曾經(jīng)的計(jì)劃、打算外，還可表示“后來結(jié)果，注定”的含義。將來進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：will / shall be doing用法：將來某一時(shí)刻或某個(gè)階段正在進(jìn)行或持續(xù)的動(dòng)作。將來完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：will / shall have done用法：表示將來某一時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。常與“by+將來時(shí)間”連用。鞏固練習(xí)：1. I dont know if he _. If he _,

31、 Ill let you know.A. will come; comes B. comes; will comeC. comes; comes D. will come; will come2. She _ law the moment she has finished mid-school. A. is to study B. is about to study C. will be studying D. will have studied 3. Ill return the book to the library as soon as I _ it. A. finished B. am

32、 going to finish C. will finish D. have finished4. In such dry weather, the plants will have to be watered if they _. A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survive D. will survive5. By the time you get to the airport, she _ for New Zealand. A. would be leaving B. has left C. is leaving D. will

33、 have left6. It _ long before we _ the result of the experiment. A. wont be; will know B. is; will know C. wont be; know D. is; know7. -Did you tell Julia about the result? -Oh, no, I _ _. I _ call her now. A. forget; will B. forgot; will C. forget; am to D. forgot; am to8. We had to be patient beca

34、use it _ some time before we got the full result. A. would be B. was C. has been D. had been9. If I call again in an hour, do you think your boss _?A. had arrived B. has arrived C. will have arrived D. will be arriving10. If a man _ succeed, he must work as hard as he can. A. will B. is to C. i

35、s going to D. should11. By this time next year he _ from this college.A. will be graduating B. should be graduatingC. will have graduated D. is graduating 12. If city noises _ from increasing, people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A. are not kept; will have to B. are

36、 not kept; have toC. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to13. By the time he retires, Professor Li _ for almost 40 years.A. will teach B. has taught C. will have taught D. will be teaching14. His letter said, “I _ on the 7th of October”.A. was arriving B. would arrive C. will be arriving

37、 D. am arriving15. Look at the clouds. _.A. Itll rain B. Its going to rain C. Itll be raining D. It is to rain16. -The visitor invited has just arrived, sir.-Really? I didnt think he _ until next week.A. is coming B. was coming C. has come D. had come17. All but one _ take part in the conference _ tomorrow.A. is going to；which is to hold B. are going to；which is about to be heldC. is going to；which is to be heldD. are going to；which is to be held18. The old couple _ take a walk around after supper. A. will B. should C. cou