1、Smoking Ban & Personal Choice Report on college students smoking in Chongqing UniversityClass: 372Group members: Zhao Yujie 趙玉潔 (20120480) Wu Yuhe 吳雨禾 (20126548) Wang Qiancheng王乾丞 (20123164) Zhan Guofeng詹國(guó)鋒 (20120415) Supervisor: Prof. Zhang Hong 張宏 Prof. MilaJune 2, 2013AbstractChina being the thir

2、d largest smoking country in the world it has a high rate of smokers at all levels of the society. The research paper investigates the smoking situation among Chongqing university students of different grades and majors, causes of smoking, students awareness of smoking harm to their health, effects

3、of smoking on individual students and the society in general as well as students smoking habits and opinion of smoking ban in China. Suggestions are offered as a result of the study. Key words: Smoking ban, causes of smoking, smoking effects, smoking hazards, second-hand smoking TABLE OF CONTENTSABS

4、TRACT . 2CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION .4CHAPTER TWO: METHODS 5CHAPTER THREE: FINDINGS .63.1 Causes of Smoking .63.1.1 Conditions Which Lead Students to Smoking.63.1.2 Causes of Smoking.73.1.3 Summary.83.2 Students Awareness of Smoking Hazards .93.2.1 Results.93.2.2 Data Analysis.103.2.3 Summary.113.3 T

5、he Effects of Smoking.113.3.1 The Effects of Smoking on Individuals .12 3.3.2 Effects of Second-hand smoking.123.3.3 The Effects of Smoking on the Society.13 3.3.4 Summary.14 3.4 Students Smoking Habit and Suggestions .143.4.1 Frequency of Smoking.14 3.4.2 Time When Smokers Develop a Smoking Habit.1

6、53.4. 3 Opinions on Smoking Ban.15 3.4.4 Summary and Suggestions.16CHAPTER FOUR: CONCLUSION AND OTHER SUGGESTIONS.17REFENCES .18APPENDIX 1.19APPENDIX2.21 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.22Chapter One: Introduction China is the most smoke-filled country in the world, the largest consumer and producer of tobacco. It

7、s 350 million smokers account for a third of the worlds total. The country produces 42 percent of all cigarettes on the planet.1 “In China, smokings the big thing”by Pittsburgh Post-Gazette/Peter Leo, May 3,2006http:/www.post- 2 “SMOKING, THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY, ANTI-SMOKING AND BETELNUT IN CHINA”,Jul

8、y 2011 3 “Some analysis and intervention countermeasures of Chongqings present situation of smoking in public places” By Liu Shanshan, June,1,2011 4 “In Chongqing,there are half of men are smoking and the rates of women smoking is 3% according to the survey.” By Gu Liang /Wang Cheng, 2011.Chinese sm

9、okers smoke an average of 15.8 cigarettes a day, which works out more than two trillion cigarettes a year. Smoking kills 1.2 million Chinese a year. As for Chongqing, the smoking rate is high in the city - almost half of the male and 4 percent of the female smoke, 3 with the number of smoking males

10、is higher than females. 4 What is more important the age of smokers in China of late gets younger and younger which worries the Chinese society, its parents and teachers. As it turned out, a quarter of all Chongqing university students smoke. Thus, as a sub-topic of investigation weve chosen the smo

11、king situation among the Chongqing university students. The purpose of this research is to study students reasons of smoking in the first place (section 3.1 ), students awareness of smoking (section 3.2) effects on individual students and the society in general, including a second-hand smoking (sect

12、ion 3.3), students smoking habits (section 3.4) providing reasonable suggestions in conclusion of investigation. Our hypothesis is that though the majority of Chongqing university students (both smokers and non-smokers) are aware of harm smoke causes to human health, they still smoke, their reasons

13、vary from the influence of their families and friends, stress, social pressure and so on. Owing to time limit, a Questionnaire survey of 200 students in Chongqing University, China, is employed with the follow-up interviews. The novelty of the study is beyond questioning as no research on smoking si

14、tuation among students of different grades and majors was done in Chongqing University before. Chapter Two: Methods A Questionnaire Survey about smoking ban and personal choice of about 200 Chongqing University students was carried out, which covers the following aspects: causes of smoking, students

15、 awareness of smoking harm, the effects of smoking on individual students and the society, students smoking habit, their opinion of smoking Ban in China and suggestions how to solve the problem. 188 valid Questionnaires were collected from the respondents including 45 girls and 143 boys of different

16、 grades and majors. Though a Quantitative Research Method is mainly employed, four follow-up interviews of students of different majors about how smoking habit affects smokers and people around them were conducted to confirm the working hypothesis. Chapter Three: Findings This chapter of the researc

17、h report presents the findings and results of the investigation of the situation among students of Chongqing University, China. It consists of four sections according to the main and specific research problems investigated, i.e. causes of students smoking (3.1), their awareness of smoking harm to st

18、udents health (3.2), the effect of smoking on individual students and the society in general (3.3) as well as students smoking habit and students opinion of smoking ban in China (3.4). Reasonable suggestions are offered as a result of the study. 3. 1 Causes of Smoking (By Wu Yuhe 吳雨禾，20126548) This

19、section of the research project discusses not only the main causes of smoking among students of different grades and majors in Chongqing university but also conditions that lead them to smoking. As a result of the Questionnaire Survey of 200 students and the follow-up interview the valid data was ob

20、tained and analyzed as follows.3.1.1 Conditions Which Lead Students to SmokingTwo-thirds (81%) of the student smokers in Chongqing University picked up a cigarette for the first time because of their friends and parents. Weve found out that there are many smokers in their families and network. The r

21、emaining one third (18%) did it either to control their feelings or because of loneliness. The number of smokers in their families is smaller. (See Chart 1 below) _ Chart 1 Conditions Which Lead Students to SmokingWith classmates and friendsWith familiesWhen lonesomeOtherTotalQuantity25118145Proport

22、ion56%24%18%2%100%Though the pattern is obvious it is necessary to consider other main causes of students smoking described in sub-section 3.2.1 to get the whole picture of the situation in Chongqing University. 3.1.2 Causes of Smoking Why do college students smoke on a regular basis? We have listed

23、 most probable answers in our Questionnaire and received the following results. For example, the majority (15%) of CQU students started smoking because they were curious about smoking behavior or affected by their parents and/or friends (9%). Meanwhile, 5% think that smoking will help them to acquir

24、e “good manners” and get along with other people better. 11% of students believe that smoking can reduce their stress, anxiety, tiredness (9%) and even sorrow. Others 10% of them think smoking helps them kill and time, get relaxed inspired. (See Chart 2 above) Generally speaking, according to the fe

25、edback information from Chongqing university students, main causes of smoking can be divided into three parts. First, young people blindly imitate people around them. Second, smokers are people who want to expand their network or/and acquire “good manners”. Third, people want to get psychological co

26、mfort from cigarettes and control their emotions, such as sadness, uneasiness, anxiety and so on. The root cause among these three main reasons of smoking is the environment. Young people in general and students of Chongqing university are easily affected by the environment around them which determi

27、nes whether a person develops a habit of smoking or not. Many smokers parents get a divorce or their relationship is unfavorable for the family. Certainly, parents should set a good example for their children. Similarly, friends should have positive influence which unfortunately is not always the ca

28、se. Once in a while, a cigarette gives you the opportunity to make friends and helps create a topic of the conversation. Unfortunately, it is still an important tool in our interpersonal communication. But we should always remember that 1, 2 million of smokers die every year in China of lung cancer

29、and the other smoking-related diseases. If you smoke in public places, the second-hand smoking affects non-smokers as much as smokers, and the society will disapprove of your selfish behavior. Obviously, it is not good for your image and interpersonal relations. Maybe some people who support smoking

30、 will tell us that a cigarette can let you feel relaxed and reduce the level of anxiety, pressure, loneliness and even pain. But its not so. With its more than 4 000 chemical compounds a cigarette produces a false impression that you calm down after smoking. In fact, during smoking blood pressure ri

31、ses, and after smoking one feels even more restless. A few people supposed that smoking could kill time, but it is not a wise decision. Why not do something meaningful instead of wasting time and doing harm to your health? All in all, the three main reasons why people smoke are all not very convinci

32、ng for us. People should cherish their life and protect their environment. After all, cigarette smoke contributes to environmental pollution and does not give us fresh air. To my mind, regardless of any causes, smoking cannot be a good and reliable way of problem solving. So we should quit smoking a

33、nd treasure our life and family.3.1.3 Summary From the data of the Questionnaire Survey of 200 Chongqing University students our research team found out the root cause among the three main reasons of students smoking mentioned above. Young people are easily affected by the environment. For the major

34、ity of students the environment determines whether a person develops a habit of smoking or not.3. 2 Students Awareness of Smoking Hazards (By Zhan Guofeng 詹國(guó)鋒，20120415） In this part of the research report, Chongqing university students awareness of the harm of smoking is analyzed from the point of v

35、iew of smokers and non-smokers. 3.2.1 Results According to our investigation and the data obtained from the Questionnaire Survey, 78% of the respondents replied they dont agree that smoking can help them to get rid of anxiety and worry; 12% of people could try it possibly; and only 10% answered “yes

36、” they couldnt stop smoking and would do it. This shows that most people hold the negative attitude to smoking and they dont support people to get rid of anxiety and worry by smoking. It also suggests that most people have a rational attitude to smoking. (See Chart 3 below)_ noPossibleyestotalsmoker

37、s2413643nonsmokers82612100girls413145total1472219188 _ We also did two studies of a second-hand smoking. First, when strangers around you smoke, 18% of the respondents according to our results strongly disagree with it, 50% oppose but keep silent, 31% of people think It doesnt matter, and only 1% of

38、 people are willing to stop smokers. (See Chart 4 below)Second, when your roommates smoke in the dorm, 54% of the students strongly disagree with it, 20% oppose but keep silent, 24% answer It doesnt matter, only 2% of the students are willing to stop smokers. (See Chart 5 below)It is easy to underst

39、and: with smoking strangers students usually keep silent. Our roommates are familiar to us, when we cant stand a second-hand smoking, well definitely tell them about it. Introverts tend to keep silent. Smoking students are relatively tolerant of strangers smoking nearby.3.2.2 Data AnalysisMost colle

40、ge students know the health hazards of smoking and dislike smoking in public places very much, but in order to avoid causing unnecessary conflict and for a series of other reasons, they do not stop smoking behavior. Those students who feel smoking in public places is OK, have a very low awareness of

41、 the damages smoking causes to human health.Psychology teaches us that there are several main types of smokers5 : the first type smokes because of the habit of smoking. There is no other positive or negative motive components. This illustrates the smokers curiosity and the inner void they want to fi

42、ll in with smoking, to kill time and somehow enrich themselves. The second type of smokers seeks to stimulate a positive emotional response though smoking, experience nice feelings and sensations. The third type-to reduces negative emotional reactions, such as tension, anxiety, etc. or interacts wit

43、h others easier. The second and third types of smokers also believe that smoking helps them to calm down in tense situations, work and study better which shows that their self-confidence is not strong enough. The fourth type of smokers is influenced by social aspects of smoking, such as group identi

44、ty, mutual recognition of other smokers, etc. This type can reflect a kind of vanity, wrong thinking and temptation. They think smoking is a sign of being mature and will be appreciated by others.3.2.3 SummaryTo sum it up, through this survey we found out that most CQU students are aware that smokin

45、g is harmful for their health and are very much against a second-hand smoking in public. College students are educated people and should use their talents for the benefit of the nation, set up a good example to others and stop smoking not only for their own but others sake.3. 3 Effects of Smoking (B

46、y Wang Qiancheng 王乾丞，20123164) In this section of the research report the influence of smoking on individual students of Chongqing University and the Chinese society in general are discussed and the data obtained from the Questionnaire Survey is being analyzed. 3.3.1 Effects of Smoking on Individual

47、s It is well-known that smoking is harmful to our mind and body. When a cigarette burns, it releases amounts of tar, carbon monoxide, nicotine, dioxin and irritating smoke which can cause different degree of damage to our body. Not every student 5. knows that a modern cigarette is not simply paper a

48、nd tobacco. It contains more than 4 000 other chemical ingredients harmful both to human mind and body. According to the statistical results of the questionnaire survey, 75% of the respondents were aware of the dangers of smoking but 23% of them didnt believe it, and 11% knew kinds of dangers. but t

49、hey still smoke, why? Because they think that smoking can relieve stress and it looks nice to share cigarettes among classmates and colleagues. (See Charts 6 below)We all know that smoking affects not only a smokers health, i.e. a physical body, but also emotions, mental concepts, interpersonal rela

50、tions, etc. A transfer service companies operating DODA, published a report on smoking effect of interpersonal relationship. According to the results, 54% of young people from 25 34 years of age admit that smoking has an effect on interpersonal relationship. The answer has no effect on interpersonal

51、 relationship accounted for only 46%【6】.3.3.2 Effects of Second-hand smokingWe live in a collective environment, the behavior of others unwittingly affects us, and similarly, we also unconsciously influence other people. When smoking, do you think about the feelings of others? Do you consider the in

52、fluence of your smoking on other people? According to the data obtained from our Questionnaire Survey, if a students family has many smokers, it will have a great impact on him/her. In this way 6.Japanese non-smokers more thinks smoking is good for interpersonal relationships by source. October, 201

53、0. http:/www. its possible to predict the link between the smoking behavior of family members and college students smoking behavior in our school. There is a certain relationship between these two factors. Besides, students have classmates and friends who also exercise a certain influence on them.If we smoke in public places, though others may hate this k