1、對外經貿研究生國際貿易國貿 補充資料作者:日期:20 0 4年國際貿易學綜合試題？一.判斷（每題1分,共5分）1、在均衡的國民收入水平上，非計劃存貨投資必須等于零，且計劃投資與實際投資必須相 ？等。（）2、 當政府對某一行業的產品實施最低限價政策時，通常會導致該行業單位供給減少，市場？需求增加。（）?手續并承擔?3、根據國際商會2000年通則的規定，如果買方想采取鐵路運輸，愿意辦理進出口清關 其中的費用，買方可以采用F CA貿易術語。（） 4、根據國際慣例，保兌行審核單據無誤而付款后，若開證行倒閉或無理拒付，則保兌行有權向受益人索要貨款。（）? 5、2 0 0 2年8月國際貨幣基金組織有關數據

2、表明，中國是2 0 0 1年黃金儲備增長最多的國家。（）二.單項選擇（每題1分，共5分），廠商應該實？b r />（）。C、要素的平均產量 D、要素1、壟斷廠商面對兩個相互獨立、需求彈性不同的市場時，為獲取最大利潤A、同一價格 B、一級價格歧視 C、二級價格歧視 D、三級價格歧視2、廠商對要素的需求取決于（）。？A、要素的邊際生產力B、產品的價格的供給量3、一切險與水漬險各項保險責任的不同之處在于（）的賠償。A、自然災害所造成的單獨海損B、意外事故所造成的全部或部分損失？C、一般外來原因所造成的損失:（）。？A、結構性不平）。D、特殊外來原因所造成的損失 4?、下列哪一項屬于國際收支的長

3、期性不平衡衡B、收入性不平衡 C、周期性不平衡 D、貨幣性不平衡5?、下列屬于三級儲備資產的有（A、活期存款B、短期存款C、黃金儲備；D、普通提款權？三、多項選擇侮題2分，共10分）1、對于生產函數 Q = f（L，K）和成本方程C= w *L + r *K來說,在最優的生產要素組合點上應該有（ ）。A、等產量曲線和等成本線相切B、MRTS (Ik)=w/rC、MRTS （1 k） =-K / L = MP（K） /MP （L）D、MP（L）/ w =M P（ K）/r 2?、按UCP5 0 0規定，除非另有約定，賣方不得提交單B、已裝船提單C、清潔提單（）。?A、艙面提D、不清潔提單A、當事

4、人必須具有簽訂合同的行為能力E、指示提單3?、一項合同成立的有效條件包括（B、合同必須有對價或約因C、合同的內容必須合法D、合同必須符合法律規定的形式E、合同當事人的意思必須真實 4?、在下列IMF貸款類型中，屬于普通貸款的是 款B、中期貸款C、信托基金貸款D、補充貸款）。？A、緩沖庫存貸5、下列能在合同有效期任何一天交割的有權？C、擇期（）。？A、歐式期權D、遠期合同B、美式期四、名詞解釋（每題4分，共16分）1、經濟增長的黃金分割率2、納什均衡 3、一價定律 4、寄售?由此提出的經濟穩定政五、簡述（每題1 0分，共30分）1?、新凱恩思主義是如何結實價格和工資粘性的?六、策是什么？2?、簡

5、述產業內貿易說的核心內容 3?、特里芬兩難為何構成布雷頓森林體系的致命缺陷？論述與分析題（第1、2題每題1 0分，第3題14分，共34分）1?、美國對包括鋼鐵、汽車及紡織品在內的 許多產品實行配額。經濟學家們估算通過拍賣配額權，美國財政部門每年至少獲得100億美元的收入，假定美國的服裝市場在無貿易的條件下，國內的服裝均衡價格為 8美元/1單位，交易數量為200單位。而服裝的4美元，國內生產者只供給世界市場價格為4?美元/1單位，美國在自由貿易條件下，美國的服裝價格降至100單位,需進口 2 0 0單位才能滿足國內的需求。現假定美國政府的服裝配額為100單位,并將配額按一年的進口量分配給各進口國

6、，請圖示美國的服裝配額進行分析：？(1)美國的服裝交易量和價格是多少？(2)配額導致的效率損失是多少？?( 3)拍賣配額權會帶來什么影響？2、我某進出口公司于 5月15日向外商A發盤并限其18日復到我方。A于16日上午1 0時向當地郵局 交發關于接受我方發盤的電報。但由于當地郵局工人罷工，該電報在傳遞途中延誤到22日才送達我方。我公司認為對方答復逾期，未予置理，并將貨物以較高價格售予外商B。5月2 5日，A來電稱:信用證已經開出,要求我方盡早出運貨物。我方立即復電 A，聲明接受到達過晚，雙方并不存在合同關系。因此，雙方發生 爭執。試根據聯合國國際貨物銷售合同公約的有關規定，分析雙方孰是孰非？并

7、說明理由。3?、試析戰略性外購(s t ra teg ic out s ourcing)的合理性。七、專業英語(每題 25 分，共 5 0分)1?、The Taylor Ru1 e : C ould a Rob ot Re p 1a ce AlanGreens pa n ? M a c ro e con o m i st Jo h n T ay l o rof S tanf o rd Uni v e r sity C al 1s for a N ew Mone t ary Rule T h at Wo u ld Inst i tutional lz g es in Re a1 Out p u

8、ta nd Inf 1 a tion .In oure Appro p riate F di sc u ss ione d P o lic yo f ruleRespo nses to Cha n s versus d is cretion,riu es were a ssociated w i th ap assi V emon e tary p ol l cy -o ne in w h ic hthemonet a ry e xpand thee c o nomy.r u 1 e required tha t t mone y suppl y ai a fixed"Di sc r

9、 e ti o n" o n the ot he r han d，he F e da n nua1rate regard 1 ess o f the st a te of thewas a ss o ciat e d with an a c t ive mone tary?p oli c y in w h ich the Fe d c hanged th e int e res t rate i n re s p on s e t o actual o ra n tic ip t he ra ted chan ge s l n th e u 1 e-ve r sus- d isc r

10、 et leco n omy. ?E co nomist J o hn Tayl o r has put a new twi s t sting a hybro n de b a te ?by su g g ei d pol l c y rule thatdiet a tet h e p recise activem on e tary ?ae t io n s t h eF e d sh o uId ta k e w hen ehans inhe e c ono m y occur .T his so e a1 led ?T ay lorrule com bines traditiona 1

11、 metarism, wru l e, an1 th lt s emp h a sis o n a m o n e taryd th e m o re mainstre a m vie w tha t active monetar ypol ic y is a use f ul toolf o r taming i nf l a tio n an d limitin g rece s s i o n . Unlik e th e u l e ,F r iedma n mo n ethe Ta y lo r r ul e a nges in b o th r eal GDPsh ouholds,

12、 for example, tha t monet a ry p o lic yinfl at io n , not sl mp ly i n f 1 at loldr es p on dTh e ke?c hy ad j us t m entis t he in t ere st ra t e,no trts:? If re al GDP r ises 1pe rth e mo n ey c en t abo v esu ppiy .p otent?T he Taylor1 a1 G DP, th ule h as three pa e Fed s ho uld r aise t h eF

13、ed er a l Fu n ds rate (t he inte rb a nk rateV ern1 ght loan s) , relat lv e t o thec u rren t inflationate, by .5 p ercent. If inflation ri s esby 1 p ercent a b o v e its trgetp ercent, thent h e Fe d ? s h ouldraise the Feden d s r at e by . 5 perc en trel a ti ve to the i n fl a t lo nra t e. W

14、hen the r eet rate of 2al G D P l s eq ua l to potential GDP and in f1 p e rc e nt， the Federal f unds rate re m ai na t lo n is equa 1 to its at a boutt a rg4 p ercent, ? w hl chwould l mpl yT a y l o r has neithera real l nterest r a te o f 2 perc e nt.s u ggest ed n or im p lie d t hat a robot,pr

15、 o gramm ed w l th th e ?T ay lor rul e , s hould rep 1 ac e Alan G r een s pan , cha irmano f the Fe d e ral R e serve ?Sy stem . Th e Fe d' sp oli c y") would b e r etd iscr eti on t o ov e rride the rule(or c o n t in gen c y p la n f o r ? a ined,but th e F e d would renove t h e “myste

16、ry a ssociatedw ith m onetary pol i cy and incre a se he Fed's acc o u n tab i1i t y. Also , say s T a yl o r, if?usedcons i stently, t he r u 1w ou l d en a b 1 e m arket p artici p an ts to p red i ce Fed ?be havior, a n d t h is wou 1f t he T ay 1 or rule adm id i n crea s e F e d c r edibili

17、ty a n d re d uc e un c ert a in t y.?C ri tics o t it i s more i n t une with cou n tercyc 1 ical Fed ? p ol i cy th a n with F ri e dman' s s i mp I e m one tar y ru 1 e. Bu t t h ey bo reaso n t o limit ?the F e d's d i scre t i on i n adjusti n g i nteres t r a t es as it sees fi t t o a

18、 c hiev esta b iliz a t i on and growth.Monetary policy m a y be morea rt than scie n ce .cr i t i cs a1 so po i nt our that t h e F ed has done a c e st a bil i t y , fu ll emp 1 oyment, an d e c ono mi c su c ces, the y a s k, “Wh y saddler em ark a ble job o gro w thove r th ef pro m ot i n g ? p

19、 ri past d ecade . ?I n vie w o f thisthe Fedw itha hi g h 1 y mechani c alm o net a ryrule?2、Petitionof the Ca n dl e makers, 1845 ?Fre n ch E c onom i st F re d ric Bas ti a t (180 1 1 85 0 ) De V as t ate d theProponents o f Pro rectionism b y Sat irca 1 ly Exte n ding t he irReasoning to It s L

20、ogical a n d A b u surd C on c 1 us i ons.P e t i t o go go, C an d le st i c ks,St r eet Lamps, S n u f f ers,Ext in gu is h e rs,ando f th e Pr ode c e r s of O il T allow,Ros i n, A1 coho1 ,a n d,G e n e rally,of Eve ry thing C o nne c te d withL i ghti ng .TO MESSI E U RSTHE ME MB E R S O FTHE C

21、HAMBEROF DE PUTI ES?Gen tlemen -Yo u areo n the r1 ittle co ns ider1 ght road.You r r e je ct ation f o r ch e apa bst r a c t t h eorie s,a nd h a venes s and p 1 enty, Y ouc hief care is th et ere stof ? p rod e rve t h eucer.Youd esire t o em ancip a te h i m f r om ex t erna 1c onp etit io n,and

22、 r esna t iona 1 m ark e tf or n a ti ona 1ind u s t ry.offe r y ou an e c all it? No; n oth i ng is moW e a r e abourt oi r able opp o r t un i ty of apply i ng your-wh a t e decept i ve th a n theor y ;your d o ctradmsh a ll?wi n e ?yo u r sysyour pr i ncip 1e? b u t youd i slikedoc trines,you ab

23、hor s ys t em s ,ands p ri nciples,you ?d e ny that t h ereareany i nsoci a l eco nomy: we sh a llsay,t h en,yourpract ice,yourp ractice wi thout theory andwot h our pr in c ipl e.W e are s uf f e r ing fr o mt he int o l erab le c om petitio nof af oreign r ibal, p a 1 ced,e em,in acondi t i onso f

24、ar super ior to our s f ort hep rod e ct i on fo light,t h at th e absolutel yinund at e so ur na ti o nal market wit hit a t a p r ic e fabulo u slyreduc ed.The mome nt h e showshimse 1f , our t r ade leav e s us-a 11co nsume r appi ytohim;anda branchoftiv e i nd u stry , ha v ing count 1 es s rami

25、fi c a ti on s, i s a 1 l a t?onc erend e redcomplet ely s t agn a n t . T his rival. i s no o t h er tha nt h e Sun. ?What wepray for is , that ism atp lease y o u to p ass a law o rd e ri n g the shut t liup a11 of wind o ws,sky 1 ights,dormer w i ndo w s, out side a n d i nsid e sh ut ter s ,cu r

26、tain s ,b 1i nd s ,bul 1，s- e yes ; i n a w or d, o f a ll o pe ni ng s,holes,ch i nks, c le f t s ,and f i ssur e s, b yor thoug h t w h ich t h e li g ht of the s unha s be e n in ues to en te r houses,to th epr ej udice o f the m e r it o rious magogh a ve acc o mmodated our coun tr y , - ac ount

27、ry w h ich , i n gratitud e,ough tnot t oaba n don us n o w to a s tr if eso un equal.If m ore ta 1 low is co n sumed,then t he re m u st be more oxenandshe ep;anconseque n t 1y ,we sha 11b e h o1d th e multi p I i cation oartifi ci al meadows ,mea t ,wo o l,hi de s,and,a b o veall,m an u r e,w h ic

28、h is th e b as isandf o undation o fal l ?a g ri c u 1 tu ra l wealth . ?Th esame r ema r k ap pli e s to na v i g at ion.Tho u s a ndof vesselsw ill p roceed to the whale fis he r y; and,in a short t im e,we shall p ossess a navyc apabmaintain in gt he h on o r of Fran c e, an dgra t if y in g t he

29、 pa t rioti c aspiration s o fyou rpetitione rs, the unde rs ig n ed candlnkers a nd others.Only ha ve t h e go odn ess t h relf ec t,Gen t lemen,an d y ou will be con v i needhatther e1 s p e rha p s, n oF renchm a n,fromt hewea 1 t h c o a lma s ter to hum1 est vend er ofu ci fer?ma tc hes,who sel

30、o t willam e liorate r by s uccess o fhi s o ur pe tit io n.2 000專業英語1.The B att 1 e t oB e YourO nline Bill C o 1 lect o rBankersh o pe c y b e rbillingc a n gi v e them a toeh old on?thet ?E v ery y e a r ,Amer i c an bu sine s s send s ou t 2 9 bil 1 ion bi 1 ls. A nd bya ny ma sure, t he?e x erc

31、 is e i s n't m uc hfu n. For c o m pa ni e s,pri n ting, p ro cessing a nd postin g a ti p i c?al co n sume r b irun s a bout 90.And f o r rec ipients , t here' s not on 1 y ade m an d f ?o r paymnt, ther es a wa d of so 1 icitationst hat nearly e very o ne throws aw ay.B ut forbanks tr y i

32、n go m a ke i t o n t h e Inte r net, b i ll s arecool .B a nkers se e b i ?l 1 s assu re fi r e ey e bll-gr ab ber s in a n env i ronment where it' s to u gh t o commanb i lls on the net. M o re com bi nat ions are likely . What' s clear,th oug h , i s? t heconsu m er a tt e n ti o n- and a

33、 k e y to protec tin g thei r exi s ti n g bu si n es s man a ging ?cash for big compan i es. I ncr e asi n gl y ,banks ar e ba t 11 ing hi gh-tec hcompe titor s?or con trol of Internetbilling,or electronic bill p re sentment , a s it is cal 1 ed.?To be su re,this is a fight over abusines s t ha t i

34、s i n it s i n fa n cy.Few bills are n owse n t via theNet, andonli n e p ay m e n t system s o fte n inv o1 ve apapr check.?But th e t e c hnologyexist so s end bill s f r om bus i ness to cus t omers andr o utea yment s back on t h eNet.Bythe e nd of nex t year ,indust r y analyss e stma t eu pw ?

35、ards o f 4.5 milli o n hou se h old s w i II be re c eivi n gb ills onl in.What'smore , se?nd i n ga n d handling bi lls o v er the N et sho u1 d b e ab out 4 0% ch ep er thanpaperel i ver y,says the Gar tn e r Group ,a re s ear c hf i rm i nSt amf or d, Conn. ?T h equestionwi 1 l become t h ebi

36、II co 11 e ctor on the Ne t.Ban ke rs reckonha tif the yc anurn th e ir Wesites intom a l lbo xes for electronic b i1 l sme keyen try po ints onth e N e t-port a ls, e ve n.That wo u ld en ab le t hemtosell o th e r f inancial serv i c es o nline. The fethat e X i s ti ng po r tal s ,suc?a s Y a h o

37、 o! o r e ven Am e rican O n1 ine,wbe co me cente rs of bill paymen t and , i?turn , s ip hon off ex isting b a n k b us ine ss .n ks have be en slo wto g et1 nt o t?his," sa y s K e n n e t h J . Ker r, aGarteranalyst inD u r h a m,N.C. " B utth e yre a l iz eth?ere is a thr eat he r e an

38、dt heyn eedt o geta bo ar d" .?B a n ks ha ve theira dvan t ag es.They can offe r custumer su1 taneo u s ac ces s to th ?3ir bills andt heirmo n e y . Ba nks hav e long relat i o nshi p s w it h th e bi llers, s uc h?as utilit ie s an d retaile rs,and centuri es of e xp erience in pr o tect in

39、g peop 1e/ smon ey .?Big ban k s alsoe w orri e d that technolog ycompanies offeri n g bi 1 l prese ntme n t?could m usc 1 e i n t oof thei r fas te st gr o win g b u s i n ess-man a g i ng cashf o r b igc o mpan i es. Af te rall ,dist ributi n g a n d co lle ct ing b ills i sa close cou s in to ?c

40、ash ma na ge m ent.? A t thi s po i nt,p re di cting h o w the i nd ustry w i ll s hake out is p r em ature . Ba n ks ?and te c hnology c ompanies alreadyh ave f o r me d severala lli ances aimed a de 1 iver?i ngbanks know t hey ar e ru nning out of t im e to g et t he i r I n ter n et bil1 1 ng act

41、? t o g e t her._Fro m B us i ness Wee k /July 1 9 ,1999?2.Pr i ncip les of R egul at ion ?The fo 1 low i ng q u ot a tion de sc r i bes th an d ho w it af f ects i ?n dlvlduals and bu si nes ses p ar t ici p ating in a mar ke t .?'A 1 l mns ac ti ons are in p r actic er egulated b y so m e k i

42、nd of g o v e r nm?ent lawso r regulations , andwi thout r eg u latio n s o f a n y k i nd , moscope o f r egular k e t a n d trat mar ke t sand ?types o f tra nsa ctionswould cea s e to exist.Wi t ho u t laws, t h e termso f m a ny ty? p es o f ag r eeme a b 1 e a n?nt andtr an s a c t i o n bet w

43、een individ ual s w o u ld beunen f or ced wou 1d cease .T he ch oicefacing individua 1 s ands oci ety is n o tb e tw e enreg u la? t io n andregula tii t 1 s h ow much regulation and what k i nds of reg ulatio ?n are de s i r a ble." ?Th idesc ri p t ion p ortr a ys regulati on a s fully e n c

44、o m p a s s ing th e s y s t ems of gove?rn ment and le power to c on t r ol al 1 ma r kets and tr ansact i on sEconomists a n d p olitici anuld typi c ally t a k e a m uch narr o we rv iew o f re g u 1 at ion ,c?onc e nt rat i ng m o r eon theta rg e ts of regula t ory act ionor t he regula torypro

45、ce s? s its e1 f. An economist, foc usi ng on t he tar g ets of regulatory a ctio n , m i g h td?escribere g ula t io n a s gover n me n t po1 icy that ex e r t s co n tro1 ove r am t o e 1 i?c it a d e sired b e hav io rasa prod u ce r of go o d s o r empi o yer o fabor. Aneconomi ?st o r p o li t

46、icia n focusing oe g u 1 atoty process, h o w e ve r, mig h t e xp rss a view?s im ilar to the f ollo w in g："Throu g h reg u1 ation,societyo f a reg u1 atory commissioa ttfo rp ts t o sub s titu t e the d ecid i o nm a k in g th e a c tion of t he mar ket m e chan is m.p r o c ess?It is c 1e?a

47、r thatthe'pr o c e ss' of regulati o n is to subst i tute adm i nist r ati v e j u dgme n t f o?r m ar ket- p I ac e ju d gemen t.Ineff ect , an econom i c en vironmen t of legal rules an? d re g ulati o ns is used a s as ar e made by apoliti c al procesrroga t e for th e f re e mars ."

48、k et, a nd economic d ec isi o n?Th e a bove descri pt io n po rtraysr egulat io n as a p olitica 1process, s u bt i t u t i ng?a sministr at ive judgem e nt for m a r ketpla c e jud g e m e nt. The des c riptionidentifie ?3 t heimportant inte ra ction betwe e n r e gula t ion a n d t he m a rke t a

49、nd raise d a ne j u dgme n t b e r ep la ce di ssu e: w hen,f at a 1 l, s ho ul dmarke tpla1 m?p orta nt with a s?m i ni st r a t iV arious answerstojudge m ent?t his que s ti onhave be ep roposed. O fprima r y i mpo rtanc e is ?the market bng c on s ide red.Dif f erenm arke t require dif f er e nt

50、amo unts an dty1 atio n .?p es o f re g uFrom The R e g u l a t i o n of I n su r ance?3. I nterven t ion Arrangem e nts i n the European Mn eta r y SystemBilater a l ex ch an ge r ates wi t h 1 n the Euro peanMoneta r y S y stem hae never b e enI? t e r al 1 y fixed ； rather, theyhav e f 1uc t ua t

51、ed w 1 thin specif i ed li m i tc a 11e dma? rgi ns. S ince A u g u st 19 93th e marg ins for most b i1 ateral ex c hge rates havebe?en +_1 5 per c ent, although they we ren a rrower before then. E ach partiip a ting cu?rren cy is also assi gn e d a "cent ra l" ex ch a ng e rate against th

52、e Euro p ea n Un ion c?ur ren cies . Whena currency's mark etxchange ra te aga 1 ne ECU di v erges su ff? 1 ci e ntly fr o m 1 tsc eg og o th e c u rren cy is e?x p ected t o inte rven eand p os s ibly t a ke o ther ac t io n s t oc o r rec t th esituation.?I n r et u rnf o r co n tr 1b ut 1 ng

53、20 per cent o f t h eir go 1dand dollar holdings to aur o p ean Mone ta ry Ins t i t ut e ,central b a nk in the E M S re c ev e equivale n t h old 1of E CUs. EC U s canb e us ed,along wit h other types of intern a t 1onal r e serves, t ?opu rchase domes ti c cu rrencyro m me m ber c en t ral b anks th at ac q u 1r e it in in ter ve nti ono p ertation s butdono t wish to hold it.Int erv entio n b u r den sma