1、Unit4 Body language 語法篇要求學生掌握本單元的重點語法-動詞的-ing形式作定語和狀語并能熟練運用相關語法知識解決相 應類型的題。、動詞的-ing形式由“動詞原形+ing形式”構成，它既是現在分詞形式，也是動名詞形式。v-ing能在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語、賓語補足語和狀語，但不能單獨作謂語。其時態和語態的變化為及物動詞（do）不及物動詞（go）時態咬、主動被動一時doingbeing donegoing完成時having donehaving been donehaving gone、動詞-ing形式的作用1.動詞-ing形式作定語E.g. The sleeping

2、baby looks very beautiful.（前置定語）這位正在睡覺的嬰兒看起來太漂亮了。E.g. The man sitting in the car is waiting for his daughter.（后置定語）坐在車里的男子正在等他的女兒。E.g. The law being carried out is to ban drunken driving1 后置定語，強調正在被執行的法律）正在執行中的這則法律旨在禁止酒后駕駛。名師點撥（1）現在分詞短語作定語時通常后置，而單個的分詞作定語時可置于被修飾詞的前面，也可置于被修飾詞的后面。（2）現在分詞的完成時的主動及被動形式均不作

3、后置定語。2.動詞-ing形式作狀語。（1）作時間狀語。E.g. Working in the office , the clerk heard an explosion from the street.在辦公室工作時，這位職員聽到街上發出了爆炸聲。E.g. Having finished her homework , the girl was busy with the thing she likes.完成了家庭作業，女孩就忙于做她喜歡做的事情。名師點撥動詞-ing形式一般式常表示該動作與句子謂語動作同時發生，而動詞-ing形式的完成式則表示該第1頁/共9頁動作發生在謂語動作之前。(2)作原

4、因狀語。E.g. Lacking enough money ， they had to give up the plan.由于缺乏足夠的資金，他們只好放棄了這項計劃。(3)作條件狀語。E.g. Getting the chance to study abroad ， he will try his best to improve himself.如果得到到國外學習的機會，他將盡力提升自己。(4)作結果狀語。E.g. He failed to work out the last question in the math paper ， making him lose the chance to

5、enter his ideal university.他沒有能夠做出數學試卷上的最后一道題，致使他失去了上理想大學的機會。(5)作讓步狀語。E.g. Working hard all the day ， he still felt energetic. 盡管努力工作了一整天，他仍然感到精力充沛。(6)作伴隨狀語。E.g. The girls sat together in front of the house ， talking and laughing. 女孩們一起坐在屋前， 又說又笑。(7)作方式狀語。E.g. They greeted each other bowing to each

6、other.他們鞠躬彼此打招呼。名師點撥(1)動詞ing 形式作狀語時相當于與之對應的狀語從句，并且可互相轉換。(2)動詞ing 形式作伴隨狀語時，則可轉化成并列謂語。E.g. Knowing what to do next ， he set out to do it at once.=When he knew what to do next ， he set out to do it at once.當明白下一步要做什么時，他立刻開始著手做起來。E.g. The guide showed the visitors around the pictures explaining the back

7、ground of each picture.=The guide showed the visitors around the pictures and explained the background of each picture.導游領著游客參觀這些圖畫，并解說每一幅畫的背景。、難點突破1 單個的動詞 -ing 形式作定語置于被修飾詞的前面時，注意下面的兩種情況對比。E.g. The old man needs a walking stick. =The old man needs a stick used for walking.( 表示用途 )老人需要一把用于行走的手杖。E.g.

8、There are many people on the top of the mountain now who are enjoying the rising sun. =There are many people on the top of the mountain now who are enjoying the sun which is rising.( 強調動作 )現在山頂上有很多人在欣賞正在升起的太陽。2獨立主格。現在分詞作狀語，有時它也可以有自己獨立的邏輯主語，這種結構稱為獨立主格結構，通常用來表示伴隨的動作或情況，也可以表示時間、原因或條件等。E.g. Weather perm

9、itting ， we will go out for an outing. 如果天氣允許，我們會出去遠足。第 2頁 /共 9頁第 7頁 /共 9頁E.g. The paper having been finished ，the student handed it in.做完試卷之后， 這位學生把它交了上去。3 評論性狀語。有些動詞 -ing 形式作狀語，在句中沒有邏輯上的主語而獨立存在，用來修飾主句，表明說話者的態度、觀點等，被稱為評論性狀語或懸垂分詞。常見的有generally/strictly/frankly speaking，judging from ， considering ， s

10、upposing ， providing 等。E.g. Judging from what he has said, he is a doctor.根據他的話判斷，他是位醫生。E.g. Considering that the old man is old , he needs looking after.考慮到老人老了，他需要被照顧4動詞 -ing 形式作狀語時，常將否定副詞 not 置于分詞前面。E.g. Not having finished the work ， they had to work extra hours. 由于沒有完成工作，他們只好加班。5 狀語從句轉化為非謂語作狀語時

11、， 若從句的主語與主句的主語一致， 從句謂語含有be 動詞時，可保留從句的引導詞。E.g. When getting to the top of the mountain ， they found the sun was rising.當他們到達山頂時，發現太陽正在升起。6 動詞 -ing 形式與過去分詞的區別（1） 語態不同： v. ing 形式表示主動概念，與相關的名詞或代詞之間構成一種“主謂關系” 。而 過去分詞表示被動概念，與相關的名詞或代詞構成一種“動賓關系” 。（2） 時間不同： v. ing 形式表示“正在進行的動作” ；過去分詞表示“已完成的動作” 。E.g. Seeing f

12、rom the hill ， you will see the beautiful city. 在山上看，你會看到美麗的城市。E.g. Seen from the hill ， the beautiful lake is like a big mirror.從山上看，那個美麗的湖就像一面大鏡子。【巧學助記】分詞短語記憶口訣分詞作狀語，主語是問題；逗號前后兩動作，共用一主語；主語找出后，再來判關系；主動用-ing ,被動用-ed; having done表先后，千萬要牢記例 1.（ 2019 福建泉州期中） He waited at the gate of the hotel all the t

13、ime ， to run into his favoritepop singer.A. hopingB. to hopeC. having hopedD. hoped例 2.（ 2019 大綱全國） Today there are more airplanesmore people than ever before in the skies.A. carryB. carryingC. carriedD. to be carrying例 3. （ 2019 福建） the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong ， Linda appears

14、moremature than those of her age.A. SpendingB. SpentC. Having spentD. To spend例 4. （ 2019 山東濟寧期中）money ， his parents couldnt send him to university.A. LackedB. Lacking ofC. Lacked inD. Lacking例 5(. 2019 遼寧錦州月考)Titanic 3D moved all audience to tears once again ， our attention toCameron s films and th

15、e definition of true love.A. turningB.to turnC. turnedD. being turned基礎演練句型轉換 (用非謂語動詞結構變換句子)1. The storm left and has caused a lot of damage to this area.The storm left ， this area.2. Be careful when you cross the road.Be careful when.3. The building that is being built now is our new school.The bui

16、lding is our new school.4. Who is the man that is reading over there?Who is the man?5. Because she did not know that the traffic accident happened to her husband ， she was waiting for him to have supper.that the traffic accident happened to her husband ， she was waiting for him to have supper.6. Bec

17、ause he is a student， he should study hard. ， he should study hard.7. Even though the farmer works hard on the farm all the year round ， he still can't become rich. all the year round ， the farmer still can't become rich.8. The boy sat on the sofa and watched TV.The boy sat on the sofa， .鞏固提

18、高用所給動詞的適當形式填空1. The man (visit) Japan is my uncle.2. (see) no one at home， I decided to come again.3. (hear) the good news ， he jumped with joy.4. (walk) in the street ， I saw a friend of mine.5. (talk and smile) ， they went into the room.6. The mother died ， (leave) a lot of money for her children.

19、7. (see) from the top of the hill ， we can see our beautiful school.8. Many people (be) absent ， they decided to put the meeting off.9. (not have) heard from her son for a long time ， the mother worried a great deal.10. (finish) his work ， Henry went home.一、單項語法填空1. He sat on a chair under the shade

20、 of the tree， (read) a novel.2. The boys and girls are walking along the street ， each(wear) a small yellow cap.3. When I reached home ， my husband was lying on the floor ， (entertain) the kids with toys.4. C is the largest English site in China ， (provide) news ， business informationand learning ma

21、terials.5. China became the 143rd member of the WTO on December 11 ， 2019， thus (realize) its 15 year wish to join the global trade body.6. Do you know who is the patient (operate) on now?7. (complete) the project on time ， the staff are having a party to have a celebration.8. (fail) to reach them o

22、n the phone ， we sent an email instead.9. (come) from a mountain village ， he couldn't afford a house in Shanghai.10. (spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong ， Linda appears more maturethan those of her age.二、單項選擇1. with so much trouble ， we failed to complete the task on time.

23、A. FacedB. FaceC. FacingD. To face2. At present ， he is a student at Zhejiang University ， for a degree in computerA. studiesB. studyingC. to have studiedD. having studied3. -How do you find the furniture I bought?-.But what you bought with the one we had ， I don t think it worth the money.A .Fascin

24、ating./ comparedB. Fascinating/ comparingC. Fascinated/ to compareD. Fascinated / compared4. To some people，“ spiritual health ” is a very abstrac，t co_n_c_e_p_t_ many unexplainable elements.A. containedB. having containedC. being containedD. containing5. There are many tall old treesin and around o

25、ur school.A. stoodB. to standC. standingD. being standing一、單項選擇1. My good performance in the job interview left me about my future and about what I can do here.A. puzzledB. sensitiveC. optimisticD. embarrassed2. While waiting for the opportunity to get ， Henry did his best to perform his duty.A. pro

26、moteB. promotedC. promotingD. to promote3. There is a note pinned to the doorwhen the shop will open again.A. sayingB. saysC. saidD. having said4. It s standard practice for a company like this onea security officer.A. employedB. being employedC. to employD. employs5. Last night ， there were million

27、s of people the opening ceremony live on TV.A. watchB. to watchC. watchedD. watching6. There are still many problemsbefore we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.A. solvingB. solvedC. being solvedD. to be solved7. The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore ， he can go shopping withoutA. recognizing

28、8. being recognizedC. having recognizedD. having been recognized8.the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong ， Linda appears more mature than those ofher age.A. SpendingB. SpentC. Having spentD. To spend9. For those withfamily members far away ， the personal computer and the phone are importa

29、nt instayingA. connectedB. connectingC.to connectD.to be connected10. Children ， whenby their parents ， are allowed to enter the stadium.A. to be accompaniedB. to accompanyC. accompanyingD. accompanied11.your ownneeds and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey youraffection an

30、d emotions.A. UnderstandingB. To be understood C. Being understoodD. Having understoodC. To work out第 6頁 /共 9頁at the nightA. to stareB. staringC. staredD. having stared12. There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland ，sky.13.A. Having freedB. FreedC. To freeD. Fr

31、eeingourselves from the physical and mental tensions ， we each need deep thoughtand inner quietness.14. His lectureA. being givenB. having givenC. to be givenD. having been given15. When it comes toin public ，no one can match him .A. speakB. speakingC. being spokenD. be spokena lively question -and-

32、answer session followed.16.nearly all our money ， we couldn t afford to stay at a hotel.A. Having spentB. To spentC. SpentD . To have spent17. He is thoughtfoolishly .Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job .A. to actB.to have actedC. actingD. having acted18. Toady there are more a

33、irplanesmore people than ever before in the skies.A. carryB. carryingC. carriedD. to be carryingfor a swim?19. It s quite hot today. Do you feel likeA. to goB. goingC goD. having gone20.the difficult maths problem ，I have consulted Professor Russell several timesA. Working outB. Worked outD. Work ou

34、t二、閱讀理解、AThe baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby. Almost from the moment it is born ， the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large ，warm ， and soft object in its

35、 environment ，particularly if that object also gives it milk. After a week or so ， however ， the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on the reaOthether or the mother -substitute（母親替代物 ）.During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psycholog

36、ical（ 心理 的 ）thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. The Harlows ， a couple who are both psychologists ， discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother -substitutes one covered with cloth and one made of bare wire. If the two artificial mothers were both the

37、 same temperature ， the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. However ， if the wire model was heated ， while the cloth model was cool ， for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother-substitutes as their favorites. Thereafter they switched and spent most

38、 of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother.Why is cloth preferable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called contact（ 接觸 ）comfort seems to be the answer ， and a most powerful influence it is. Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers ， psukitntisng themselves

39、 in as close contact with the parent as they can. Whenever the young animal is frightened ， disturbed ， or annoyed， it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body. Wire doesn ' t " rub " as well as does soft cloth: Pojong）ed（contact comfort” with a cloth mother appe

40、ars to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk.According to the Harlows ， the basic quality of a baby s love for its mother is trust. If the baby is putinto an unfamiliar playroom without its mother ， the baby ignores the toys no matter how interes

41、ting they might be. It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball. If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom ， the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life. After a few minutes of contact comfort ， it obviously begins to feel more secure. It then climbs down from

42、the mother-substitute and begins to explore the toys ， but often rushes back for a deep embrace（ 擁抱 ）as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well. Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less time holdi

43、ng onto“ its mother. ”1. Psychologically ， what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life?A. WarmthB. MilkC. ContactD. Trust2. After the first two weeks of their life ， baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is.A. larger in sizeB. clo

44、ser to themC. less frightening and less disturbingD. more comfortable to rub against3. What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged“ contact comfort " ?A. AttentionB. SoftnessC. ConfidenceD. Interest4. It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure , .A.it frequently rushes

45、 back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys4.1 t spends more time screaming to get rewardsC.it is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting D.it cares less about whether its mother is still around5. The main purpose of the passage is toA. give the reasons for the experimentB. prese

46、nt the findings of the experimentC. introduce the method of the experimentD. describe the process of the experimentBFear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head , according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.Tests on

47、healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting（收縮）and pumping blood around their bodies , compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed. Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the

48、 brain responds to a fearful event , depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said:" Our study shows for the first timthat the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart. ”The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces. Dr Garfinkel said,“Thestudy showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart ispumping t