1、第七章、 數據結構python中有三種內建的數據結構 列表、元組和字典。 1) lists列表 , 列表是序列的一種 shoplist = 'apple', 'carrot', 'banana' print shoplist 'apple', 'carrot', 'banana' shoplist.append('orange') 末尾加入一個 print shoplist 'apple', 'carrot', 'banana', &#

2、39;orange' shoplist.insert(2, 'flint') 指定位置插入 print shoplist 'apple', 'carrot', 'flint', 'banana', 'orange' shoplist.reverse() 反轉 print shoplist 'orange', 'banana', 'flint', 'carrot', 'apple' shoplist.pop() 默

3、認從末尾刪除 print shoplist 'orange', 'banana', 'flint', 'carrot' shoplist.() 正向排序 print shoplist 'banana', 'carrot', 'flint', 'orange' del shoplist1 指定位置刪除,等于shoplist.pop(1) print shoplist 'banana', 'flint', 'orange'

4、shoplist.tend('database', 'egg') 末尾加入多個 print shoplist 'banana', 'flint', 'orange', 'database', 'egg' shoplist.remove('banana') 刪除指定項 print shoplist 'flint', 'orange', 'database', 'egg' 通過help(list)獲得完整的學

5、問。 列表解析表達式 從一個已有的列表導出一個新的列表。 vec = 2, 4, 6 print (3 * x for x in vec) generator object gen at 0x00e7d300 print list(3 * x for x in vec) 6, 12, 18 print 3 * x for x in vec 6, 12, 18 print 3 * x for x in vec if x 3 12, 18 print 3 * x for x in vec if x 2 print x, x*2 for x in vec 2, 4, 4, 16, 6, 36 m =

6、 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 print row1 for row in m 2, 5, 8 print row1 for row in m if row1 % 2 = 0 2, 8 print x + y for x in 'abc' for y in 'mn' 'am', 'an', 'bm', 'bn', 'cm', 'cn' 處理大型矩陣用法開源numpy系統 nesting嵌套 m = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,

7、9 print m 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 print m0 1, 2, 3 print m12 6 列表解析 list(map(m, m) 6, 15, 24 sum(row) for row in m (24, 6, 15) x: ord(x) for x in 'spabm' 'a': 97, 'p': 112, 's': 115, 'b': 98, 'm': 109 索引操作符 索引操作符,下標操作,從0開頭,支持反向索引,從-1開頭 sp = 'a

8、9;, 'b', 'c', 'd' sp0, sp1, sp2, sp3 ('a', 'b', 'c', 'd') sp-4, sp-3, sp-2, sp-1 ('a', 'b', 'c', 'd') name = 'swaroop' len(name) 7 name-1 'p' namelen(name) - 1 'p' 切片操作符xi:j 切片(slice)操作符,序

9、列名跟方括號,方括號中有一對可選的數字，并用冒號分割。數是可選的，而冒號是必需的。 xi:j,取出在x中從偏移為i,直到但不包括j的內容 shoplist = 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd' shoplist1:3 'b', 'c' shoplist2: 'c', 'd' shoplist1:-1 'b', 'c' shoplist: 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd

10、9; name = 'swaroop' name1:3 wa,不包括r! name2: aroop name1:-1 waroo name: swaroop name * 2 swaroopswaroop 三元切片操作符xi:j:k xi:j = xi:j:1 s = "abefghijklmn" print s1:10:2 bhj print s:2 acegikm print s:-2 nljhfdb 參考 shoplist = 'apple', 'mango', 'carrot', 'banana

11、' mylist = shoplist mylist is just another name pointing to the same object! del shoplist0 print shoplist 'mango', 'carrot', 'banana' print mylist 'mango', 'carrot', 'banana' mylist = shoplist: make a copy by doing a full slice del mylist0 remove f

12、irst item print shoplist 'mango', 'carrot', 'banana' print mylist 'carrot', 'banana' 假如要復制列表或者序列或者對象，那么你必需用法切片操作符來取得拷貝。記住列表的賦值語句不創建拷貝 淺拷貝深拷貝 淺拷貝(1)徹低切片操作:;(2)利用工廠函數,如list(),dict();(3)用法copy模塊的copy函數 深拷貝(1)用法copy模塊的deepcopy()函數 模擬堆棧 stack = def pushit(): stack.

13、append(raw_input("enter new sing:").strip() def popit(): if len(stack) = 0: print 'can not pop from an empty stack!' ee: print 'remov ', stack-1, '' stack.pop() def viewstack(): print stack cmds = 'u':pushit, 'o':popit, 'v':viewstack def show

14、menu(): pr = """p(u)sh p(o)p (v)iew (q)uit enter choice:""" while true: while true: try: choice = raw_input(pr).strip()0.lower() except (eoferror, keyboardinterrupt, indexerror): choice = 'q' print 'nyou picked: %s' %choice if choice not in 'uovq'

15、;: print 'inval option, try again' else: break if choice = 'q': break cmdschoice() if _name_ = '_main_': showmenu() 2) tuples元組(,) 元組是不行變的 即不能修改。元組通過圓括號中用逗號分割的項目定義。 zoo = ('w', 'e', 'p') new_zoo = ('m', 'd', zoo) print zoo ('w',

16、 'e', 'p') print new_zoo ('m', 'd', ('w', 'e', 'p') print new_zoo2 ('w', 'e', 'p') print new_zoo22 p new_zoo1 = 'x' typeerror: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment 元組最通常的使用是用在打印語句中 age = 22 name = 'swaroop' print '%s is %d years old' % (name, age) print 'why is %s playing with that python?' % name print語句用法跟著%符號的項目元組的字符串。定制輸出滿足某種特定的格式。定制可以是%s表示字符串或%d表示整數。 3) dictionaries字典k:v 鍵值對：d = key1 : value1, key2 : value2 rec