1、如18年甘肅省蘭州市高三第一次診斷考試英語試題第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節，滿分 40分）第一節（共15小題；每小題2分，？分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的 A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。ATravel experts across the globe publishmuch-anticipated lists that aim to excite readers about upcoming travel trends. Here is a 2018 list that urges travelers to explore new cities, try new food, exp

2、erience new cultures and gain new views.ChileThis long, skinny slice of South America successfully packs a powerful punch, with strange charms in Valparaiso, excellent wine in the Maipo Valley and diverse landscapes across the Arcadian Desert, Chilean Patagonia and Easter Island.Flying is the most c

3、onvenient way to get around, but flights are not cheap. Buses are more wallet- friendly, and Chile ' s bus system is efficient, but bus journeys can easily take 17 t o 36 hours.MontenegroThe country ' s coastline is its best feature, and its winding coastal roads and mountain-meets-ocean sce

4、nery create the perfect background for a road trip. Sleepy seaside towns along the Bay of Kotor are home to mom-and-pop restaurants and elegant hotels, while the walled city of Koror offers views of the classic red rooftops of the Adriatic.MadagascarMadagascar , the world ' s fourth-largest isla

5、nd one of the most biodiverse （生物多樣的 ）places on the planet, has been rapidly affected byclimate change.Visiting the country can serve as an educational opportunity for travelers who want to understand the bad effects of global warming and irresponsible human actions, Some can -miss experiences in Ma

6、dagascar include swimming and snorkeling around Nosy Be, spotting lemurs （ 狐猴）in Ranomafana National Park, admiring the rocky landscapes of Isalo National Park and a sunset walk along the Avenue of the Baobabs.Abu Dhabi, the UAEAfter 10 years of planning and nearly $2 billion in costs, the Louvre Ab

7、u Dhabi celebrated its grand openingon Nov. 11,2017. Now, lovers of art and architecture are racing to the United Arab Emirates' cnewest feat of modern design - the product of French architect Jean Nouvel. The Louvre Abu Dhabi' s slogahumanity in a new light ” , draws attention to the museum

8、A mission to emphasize the commonalities and celebrate the differences between Eastern and Western art. While in Abu Dhabi, travelers can also check out the city'famous architectural wonder - Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque - which was rated the worlds second-best landmark in TripAdvisor ' s 2017

9、Travelers ' Choice Awards.1. Which of the following is a disadvantage of travelling by bus in Chile?A. It is very expensive.B. It may not help you save time.C. Buses don' run at busy hours.D. Buses are always very crowded.2. What do you know about travelling in Madagascar from the passage?A.

10、 It 's much cheaper lo go around by bus than by plane.B. You can take a good trip along the beautiful coastal roads.C. You can learnmore about the impacts of climate change,D. It' s a good chance to sec green mountains and red rooftops.3. If yoare interested in art and architecture, you can

11、travel to.A. Chile B. Montenegro C. Madagascar D. Abu Dhabi, the UAEBA successful businessman, addressing the commercial club of his city, told a story of an orphan （ 孤兒）named Jim.Jim was 12 years old, who was the laughing stock of the whole town. He never remembered having a kind word spoken to him

12、 in his whole life. One day as Jim walked down the street, he saw some flowers slip from a little lady ' asms just in front of him. Jim gathered up the flowers and replaced them in her arms." Thank you, dear; you are a nice little boy." she said kindly, and went ongiving him a bright s

13、mile.Jim was amazed. These were the first kind words he had ever heard in his whole twelve years of existence. He stood and stared after her until she was out of sight, then he made straight for a stream. He sat down on the bank of the stream and did some thinking."Thank you, dear; you are a ni

14、ce little boy,”Finally the boy pulled from his pockets a piece of broken mirror and looked at himself. He saw nothing but dirt. He went down to the water and washed his face carefully, almost painfully. Then he looked again. He scarcely recognized himself. He stood straight and looked up instead of

15、down for the first time since he could remember.A feeding of self-respect awoke within his being. At that moment the course of his life was changed; a determination to be worthy of the kind words spoken to him by the little lady, and to pass them on, took possession of his soul.After telling this st

16、ory of Jim, the speaker paused and then he shocked the audience by saying, that boy. That gentle woman implanted in my life the first seed of kindness. As a tribute to her memory I have told you this story. " 4. What does the author mean by“the laughing stock " in paragraph 2?A. Jim liked

17、playirothers.B. Jim was always laughed at by others,C. Jim was good at making others happy.D. Jim had interest in telling funny stories.5. Which of the following words can be used to describe the lady?A. Brave. B. Clever. C.Friendly. D. Honest.6. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Jim want

18、ed people to say kind words to others.B. The lady became very famous because of that story.C. It was the first time for Jim to tell his story to others.D. Jim made a tot of money by telling his stories to others.7. What is the best title for the text?A. A Story of Jim B. A Good Lady C. A Kind Word D

19、. A Successful BusinessmanCChildren all over the world who have tried the potato or lemon battery experiments know that an electrical current can be generated by creating a reaction between the food and two different metals. However, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have foun

20、d a way to harvest power from trees. They use the same metal for both electrodes （電極）specifically in order not to confuse this effect with the potato effect.While proving that trees can provide a source of power is a significant step, a key question remains: can the tiny voltage （ 電壓）produced by a t

21、ree be used for anything useful? Now scientists are debating over how to use this power source for human benefits.The most practical thing is fire alarm for forest department, originating from the tree itself. Trees electric power can charge a battery. This battery in turn will be connected to a sma

22、ll sensor. This sensor will power a brief radio transmission （ 傳送）.That radio signal will transport daily soil and air condition measurements to a network of much larger, solar powered Forest- Service environmental monitoring stations. Those sensors wilt also give out a crisis signal in the event of

23、 a sudden rise in-air temperature-that might indicate the outbreak of a forest fire. truly believe it has potential, said Victoria Henderson, branch chief for equipment and chemicals at the Forest Serviced National Interagency Fire Center.提高"）Iothris can enhan（existing technology to a degree th

24、at would gain us a lot more fire protection, then we' d look at afor our nationwide infrastructure （ 基礎設施 ）,which is huge. " Researchers have discovered that the greater the pH difference between the tree and the soil the more the energy will be produced. Some researchers also admit that“tr

25、ee power " isn ' t as practical as solar energy, but believe that the system could be-apaOsda low-cost option for powering tree sensors that help detect environmental conditions or forest fires, Using the electronic output to keep track of a tree ' s health is another possibility.8. Why

26、 does the author mention the potato battery experiment in the first paragraph?A. To explain what it is.B. To stress the importance of electricity.C. To introduce the power source from trees.D. To encourage people to try this experiment.9. What do we know about the fire alarm mentioned in the third p

27、aragraph?A. The fire alarm can make a very loud sound.B. Smoke from a fire can cause the alarm to go off.C. The electric power it needs comes from the tree.D. It has been widely used in the forest department.10. What ' s Victoria Henderson ' s attitude towards the fire alarm system?ABCIautio

28、raible. C. Disapproving. D. Unconcerned," What causes trees to create electrical currents?A. The sensor implanted in the tree.B. The new way adopted by the researchers.C. The special metal used in the battery experiment.D. The pH difference between the soil and the trees.DIn the last few years,

29、 you may have noticed the terra“microplastics " in the news. Microplastics are tiny pieces of plastic from discarded"印的）plastic bottles, bags and containers that end up in rivers, lakes and oceans. Because they are so tiny and hard to see, researchers set sail to collect water samples and

30、estimate the amount of plastic in the ocean. The 5 Gyres Institute, an organization aimed at reducing plastics pollution in our oceans, estimates that 296,000 tons of plastic are floating in the world oceans. But, if you think that oceans are the only water bodies with a micropiastics problem, think

31、 again - the problem is also reported in the Chesapeake Bay, in our own backyard.In a partnership with the 5 Gyres Institute,Trash Free Maryland took to the Chesapeake Bay in November to study the presence of micropiastics in the water.Setting out from Deale, Md., the research team collected seven s

32、amples by dragging a trawl （ 拖網）for an hour at a time. The trawl was fitted with a cone-shaped （ 錐形的）net, whose holes measure 330 microns （微米）wide, about the width of two to three strands of human hair. Water flows through the main opening and the fine mesh （ 網眼）of net ensures anything suspended m t

33、he water is trapped behind.In seven samples, the net picked up algae （ 海藻） trash, foam and plastic. According to the 5 Gyres Institute representative, the first sample collected contained almost 10 times the amount of plastic than would be collected in a typical ocean sample. The plastic found in th

34、e Chesapeake Bay samples included bits of bags, sheeting, fishing line and microbeads, which are small plastic scrubbers mm found in face wash, toothpaste and cleaning products. Microbeads in particular are a major source of microplastics pollution worldwide. They are small enough to bypass w ater t

35、reatment systems ' fters ） and end up in waterways. Scientists warn that chemicals and toxins （毒素）absorbed by microbeads and other micropiastics could be passed on to organisms who mistake them for food and eat them, and could then be passed up higher and higher on the food chain, eventually rea

36、ching humans.12. What is the second paragraph mainly about?A. The description of the trawl.B. The basic data of the water samples.C. The process of collecting water samples.D. The introduction of Trash Free Maryland.13. What does the underlined word "They'in the last paragraph refer to?A. B

37、its of bags. B. Chemicals. C. Microbeads. D. Micropiastics.14. How docs the author prove plastics pollution can be harmful to people s health?A. By analyzing the data. B. By making comparisons.C. By giving some examples. D. By referring to scientists views.15. What' sthe author 'purpose in w

38、riting this passage?A. To explain some new scientific terms to people.B. To let people learn more about plastics pollution.C.To urge governments to make environmental laws.D. To tell people some new findings in scientific research.第二節（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳 選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。What i

39、s friendship? The answers may be different. 16. We cannot live withoutfriendship just as we cannot live without air and water. Friendship gives us a feeling of safety and warmth, and friendship encourages us to go ahead all the time.17. When we feel happy, we can share our happiness with friends. Wh

40、en we feel down, friends will comfort us. If we are overconfident, our friends can persuade us, and they can make us confident and brave when we are discouraged.Friendship is valuable. It can touch your heart and give you hope. Many people are proud of having a good friend. _18_. If you help your fr

41、iends for no reason but simply because they are your friends, this means that you regard your friends as yourself. This is true friendship.In fact, friendship isn ' t always easily kept. 19, you should treat him or her like you want to be treatedeep the secrets that your friend tells you. Keep y

42、our promise with your friend. Share things with your friend. Stick up for your friend. We should try our best to protect the friendship from being hurt. As an old saying goes,stand always on one side. " True friendship should be able to stand ail kinds of tests.Because of friendship, our lives

43、are full of happiness. Therefore, the more friends we have, the more pleasure we can share with them. Let“Thank you " to our friends for theive and care. 20, never forget to keep the beautiful friendship!A. When you want to keep a friendB. If not, their friendship still cannot last longC. No ma

44、tter where we go or who we becomeD. Everyone needs friends and is eager to get friendshipE. True friendship must be sincere and must not have conditionsF. But one thing is clear that friendship is the most important thing in our lifeG. Sometimes people have good friends when they are young and study

45、ing in school.第二部分 語言知識運用（共兩節，滿分 45分）第一節（共 20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下 面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。My daughter Kellyis a cautious person. She needs to warm up to situations, and is 21 to try new things. When with close friends, she becomes a _22_ who laughs loudly and chants,“ Girls rule, bo

46、ys drool." But when that _23_ zone iher, she is shy and _24_.This has been challenging for me _25_." Shy" is not a word that I think has everto 26 me. But this has been a year of 27 for my girl that has filled her with a new sense of 28. This year she moved to lap lane in swimming whe

47、re she was preparing for a swim team. This year she teamed to ride a bike without training wheels. And this year she _29_ her first kids 'triathlon (三項全能).On Saturday, with a thunderstorm coming soon and my son ' s birthday party later in the day, we all went out in the dark of the morning f

48、or Kelly to _30_ her first triathlon. We practiced transitions from swim to _31_ and to run with her. We got all the equipment she ' d need and we kept talking about the _23_. But as we waited the two hours for the older kids to finish before her _33_, she _34_ my leg a little harder and told me

49、 she loved me a few too many times. She was nervous but trying to keep calm. And then it was time for her to go. From the second she jumped into the water, my heart 35 quickly. My daughter 36 into the most confident human being I had ever seen. She dominated that swim, crushed that bike ride and ran

50、 to the _37_ with the biggest smile on her face.I can honestly say that I never felt so _38_ of someone in my entire life. It wasn' t because she did a sport or anything like that. It was becausewas afraid of something and _39_ that fear with confidence and a fire I hadn' t seen before.All d

51、ay I wmyself just looking over at her and smiling. She might be wearing the finalist medal but I felt like I _40_ that clay.21. A. brave B. eager C. hesitant D. willing22. A. troublemaker B. leader C. thinker D. fighter23. A. comfort B.danger C. hardship D. compromise24. A. scary B. nervous C. painf

52、ul D. thrilled25. A. some times B. some time C. on time D. at times26. A. attract B. catch C. describe D. meet27. A. firsts B. seconds C. finals D. ends28. A. circumstance B. confidence C. coincidence D. dependence29. A. defeated B. lost C. completed D. quitted30. A. arrange B. attend C. achieve D.

53、accompany31. A. bus B. bike C. taxi D. motorcycle32. A. race B. life C. test D. assignment33. A. chance B. turn C. failure D. success34. A. held B. pressed C. squeezed D. scratched35. A. settled B. arose C. sank D. rose36. A. translated B. transplanted C. transformed D. transported37. A. stand B. su

54、mmit C. deadline D. finish38. A. ashamed B. sensible C. proud D. critical39. A. seized B. conquered C. grasped D. possessed40. A. won B. lost C. reserved D. removed第二節(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。 Parkour (跑酷)is a sport which trains people to deal with any physical obstacles

55、in their path. It is not a competition but a physical training. A person joining in parkour is called a traceur. Traceurs run along a path and use only their bodies to deal with the obstacles in the most efficient way. Parkour pays more attention to efficiency, 41(make) it different from the similar

56、 practice of free running. Parkour 42 (common) includes running jumping, climbing, rolling and other similar types of physical movements. Many teenagers thinkthat parkour is quite 43 cool sport. They have great interest in it.The 44 (invent) of parkour can45(giv e)tto oneperson because many people h

57、ave worked on it. A French officer developed the earlier form of parkour. The term teenagers. This sport 47 (become) more popular in the 1990s when many films were made on it.48 makes parkour differed from other sports is its power to bring people together. It allows traceurs to forget the _49 (soci

58、ety) and other problems, and makes a large group working and growing together instead of competing with each other. People can benefit from parkour as it can make them stronger. Still, it also influences one' thought process by improving self-confidence and critical-thinking skills. In this way,

59、 parkour allows one to deal with 50 (difficulty) in daily life if he or she deals with them through parkour.parkourwas first introduced by David Belle and Sebastian Foucan in the early 198i046that time, they were two第三部分 寫作（共兩節，滿分 35分）第一節 短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）假定英 語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中

60、共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（八），并 在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限 一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不 計分。Yesterday afternoon my friends, Xiao Ming, and I went skating on the lake. As soon as we got here, we began to skate happily. Suddenly, I noticed something usual. The moment I