1、演奏指示 Performance Directions一級：(-)演奏術(shù)語 accelerando/accel. Adagio Allegrettoallegro andantecantabi le crescendo/cresc.da capo/D.C.dal segno/D.S.decrescendo/decresc. di mi mm ndo/dim.finef ( =forte ) ff (=fbrtissimo) legatolentomezzoTnf (=mezzo forte ) mp( =mezzo piano ) moderatep(=piano) pp(=pianissim

2、o)pocorallentando/rall.ritardando/ritard./rit.slowhalf( moderately )moderately loudmoderately quietmoderately(allegro moderate ； moderately quick )quietvery quietgradually getting quicker slow (at ease)fairly quick(but not as quick as allegro ) quick( cheerful)at a walking pacein a singing stylegrad

3、ually getting louder repeat from the beginning repeat from the sign 轎 becoming gradually softer becoming gradually softer the endloudvery loudsmoothly a little, slightlygradually getting slowergradually getting slower逐漸加快慢舒適稍快但不及allegro快快歡樂,快板如行走般的速度如歌唱似的風(fēng)格漸強從頭再奏回到記號“ » 處再奏漸弱漸弱結(jié)束處強,響亮很強圓滑地慢一半適中

4、中強中弱中速allegro moderato:適中的快板弱很弱少許,稍漸慢漸慢ritenuto/riten.staccato/state.tempo(二)演奏符號held back (immediately slowing down ) detachedspeed t time(a tempo : in time )gradually getting louder(=crescendo)忽然慢立即放慢斷音,斷奏速度,時間a tempo:回復(fù)到到來的速度漸強=crescendogradually getting quieter(=diminuendo/decrescendo)漸弱(=diminu

5、endo/decrescendo)detached(=staccato )accentpause on the note (or rest)(=fermata )斷音,斷 4=staccato 重音延長號.將音符或休止符的時值延長二fermata and和repeat marks: at the second signt repeat the music from the first sign(if the first sign is left out, repeat from the beginning )反復(fù)記號.在第二個記號處, 音樂從第一個記號處開始重 復(fù)如樂曲沒有第一個記號, 音樂是

6、從樂曲的開始處重復(fù)tie: a curved line joining two notes ofthe same pitch into a single sustainedsound連線:將兩個有相同音高的音連笠戌一個音的弧線slur: perform the notes smoothly(a curved line over or under two ormore different notes )連線:圓滑地演奏各音置于兩 個或一組音符的上方或下方 的弧線8vaoctave (=ottava )八度(=ottava)perform an octave higher升高一個八度演奏寫在一個或

7、多個音符的上方8»(written over a note or notes)8vaperform an octave lower降低一個八度演奏(written under a note or notes)寫在一個或多個音符的下方J =76(M.M.=76)76 crotchet beats in a minute(M.M.is short for Maelzel's Metronome )每分鐘奏76個四分音符M.M.是 Maelzel s Metronome拍節(jié)機的簡稱二級:-演奏術(shù)語ain the style of, for, at, withjna cappella

8、: in the style of chapela due : for two performersa piacere : at pleasurea puma d* arco : with the point of the bowa tempo ; in timeal, aliain the manner of, to the(alia marcia : in the style of a march )allargandobroadening(getting slower and louder)andantinoslightly faster than andanteassaivery(al

9、legro assai: very quick )con, colwithdolcesoft, sweete,edandespressivoexpressive(espress./espr.)fpfirst loudly, then immediately soft(=fortepiano)giocosoplayful, merrygravesolemn,very slowgraziosogracefullarghettoquite slow(but not as slow as largo)largoslow, statelymabutmaestosomajesticmenolessmolt

10、omuch , verymossomoved(meno mosso : less moved )以風(fēng)格、由、根據(jù)、用、按a cappella:以無伴奏的教堂風(fēng)格演奏a due:由兩位表演者演奏唱a piacere:根據(jù)表演者的與之所至地處理a puma d,arco:用弓尖演奏a tempo:按原來的速度以風(fēng)格,至alia marcia:進行曲風(fēng)格寬廣的漸慢及漸強比行板andante 稍快非常,很allegro assai:很快用,含有溫柔地,甜蜜地和,以及有表情地先強然后立即轉(zhuǎn)弱嬉戲的,快樂的嚴(yán)肅的,極緩慢的優(yōu)雅的頗慢的,但比廣板largo稍快慢的,莊嚴(yán)的但是華貴的,堂皇的少些十分,很活動的

11、meno moss.:稍慢the note should be played as short as possible 短斷音,發(fā)音比一般斷音更短促,有時還有重音的意思=staccatissimo重音強重音力度通常比 > 更強半斷音,即音符需要略微斷開=mezzo-staccato/semi-staccatomotomovement活動(con moto : with movement)(con moto:稍快)nonnot不是piiimore更多地presto(faster than allegro)快比快板allegro更快senzawithout沒有,去除sf.sfzaccente

12、djorced重音,增強地(=sforzando/sforzato)in the same way(=sforzando/sforzato)simile/sim.如前的方式演奏sostenutosustained持續(xù)的tenutoheld保持要交足該音的時值troppotoo much太多(non troppo : not too much )(non troppo:不太多)vivace / vwolively / quick有生氣的,輕快的二演奏符號r 1the note should be held for its full time-value,要奏足該音符的時值,各音之1 Jand g

13、enerally slightly detached(=tenuto)間稍間歇=tenutoand perhaps accented too(=staccatissimo)accentedstronger accentfusually stronger than> )the notes should be slightly separated(=mezzo-staccato/semi-staccato)三級:演奏術(shù)語adagiettorather slow(but faster than adagio)ad libitum,ad lib.optional or at willagitat

14、oagitatedalia brevewith each beat as a minim( 含rC instead of 今)amorelove ( amoroso : loving )animasoul, spirit(con anima: with feeling/spirited )animatoanimated # lively( animando : becomingmore lively)benwellbriovigour(con brio : with vigour, lively )comodoconvenient(tempo comodo:at a tom-fortable

15、speed )decisowith determinationdelicatodelicateenergicoenergeticforzaforcelargamentebroadlyleggierolightmarcato . marc.marked,accentedmarzialemartial, war-likemestosadpesanteheavyprima, primofirstrisolutobold, strongritmicorhythmicallyrubato,with some freedom of timetempo rubato梢慢但比adagio略快隨意處理沖動地以二

16、分音符作為一拍以:或,代替1 愛情amoroso:富于愛意地心靈、精神con anima:有感情地/生氣勃勃地活潑地animando:更加活潑地很好活力con活o:有活力地舒適的od.:舒適的速度決斷、有決心地優(yōu)美的、精致的富于精力的力量廣闊地輕、輕巧的強調(diào)、有力地勇敢的、尚武的憂傷的強力的第一勇敢、堅強的富于節(jié)奏感地自由的速度seconda.secondosecond第二semplicesimple, plain簡單、樸素的semprealways持續(xù)地stringendflgradually getting faster逐漸加快速度subitosuddenly忽然地tantoso much

17、許多、太多tranquillocalm平靜的triste .tristamentesad, sorrowful憂傷、悲哀的voltatimefprama volta:first time;次、遍prima volta:笫一次;seconds volta: second time)seconda volta:第二次)scherzando.scherzosoplayfuljoking幽默、詼諧的四級：.音樂術(shù)語和符號 Musical terms and signs 只用于某些特定樂器上的術(shù)語和符號.1 .用于弦樂器和銅管樂器上的演奏提示con sordinbcon sord.with mutess

18、enza sordini, senza sord.without mutes2 .用于弦樂器上的演奏提示arcopizzicato, pizz.sul Gsul ponticello3.用于鋼琴的演奏提示una corda ( u.c.)tre corde(t.c.)黝*.r#lmanomano destra(m.d.)mano sinistra (m.s.)I(二)意大利文術(shù)語affettuosoaffrettandoplay with the bow(a direction after pizzicato )down bowup bowa slur over or under two or

19、 more notes meaning that they are to be played with one stroke of the bow pluckedon the G string near the bridge(literally : one string )press the left(soft) pedal(literally : three strings )release the left( soft )pedalpress.release the right(sustaining ) pedalhandright handleft handspread the note

20、s of a chord quickly, starting from the bottom noteaffectionate,with tenderness hurrying加上弱音器除去弱音器用弓拉奏在pizzicat.之后所用的指示下弓上弓在音符上面或下面的弧線,表示那些音符要以一弓拉完撥弦在G弦上在靠近號4的位置處演奏宜澤:一根弦踏下左邊弱音踏板直譯:三根弦放開芍立弱音踏板踏下放開右邊延音踏板手右手左手由最低的音開始,快速地先后奏出和弦中各音富于感情的,溫柔的加快的amabileamiable / pleasant親切的,令人愉快的appassionatowith passion充滿激

21、情地calandobecoming softer and slower漸弱及漸慢cantandosinging如歌的comeas, similar to好似,如同come primaas before跟前面一樣come sopraas above跟上面一樣facileeasy容易fuocofire熾熱giustoproper;適當(dāng)?shù)摹?zhǔn)確的tempo giusto : in strict timetempo giusto:以嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)乃俣萺 istessothe same同樣的r istesso tempoat the same speed、以同樣速度morendodying away逐漸減弱ni

22、entenothing沒有什么nobilmentenobly高貴地perdendosidying away逐漸減弱possibilepossible盡可能地presto possibile : as fast as possiblepresto possibile:盡可能快地quasias if, almost好似sonorosonorous,resonant響亮的,洪亮的sopraabove在上面sottobelow在下而sotto vocein an undertone以輕聲veloceswift迅速的vocevoice聲音;聲部三法文術(shù)語doucesweet甜蜜的en dehorsmad

23、e prominent突出的,顯著的立at Jo在,往anim6lively .animated活潑的、有生氣的assezenough足夠的avecwith與,用cGdezbecome slower and usually also softer逐漸減速并變?nèi)岷蚭tand與、和ICgQremcntlight輕快的lentslow慢的maisbut但是,然而mod6r6moderate =moderato 中速適中的=mcderamoinsless較少,減少nonnot不是peulittle稍、少許plusmore更加,更多的presserhurry 、催趕,加快en prsant: hurry

24、ing onen pressant ：緊急地ralentirslow down速度減慢retenuheld back馬上放慢en retenant：holding hack,en retenant：逐漸放慢slowing a little五級:attaccago straight on immediately without a緊接.不停頓地接著演奏下去pausedolentesad / mdurnful傷心的,悲哀的doloregrief,sorrow悲傷,悲哀doloroso : sorrowful悲哀的doppio movimentodouble the speed, twice as

25、fast快一倍,加倍快estintoas soft as possible,extinct盡可能地弱,熄滅incalzandogetting quicker, urging漸快并漸強lacrimososad, tearful悲傷的,哭泣的locoreturn to the normal pitch(used to回復(fù)原來音高用以取消8vacancel an 8va direction )指示lungalongt lengthy長的漫長的lunga pansa: long rest長休止lusingandoin a tender, coaxing mannr溫柔的,嫵媚的misurameasure節(jié)拍alia misura: in strictly measured time嚴(yán)守節(jié)拍senza misura: in free time自由節(jié)拍ossiaor, alternatively! often used to indicate或,另外的方法通常指另一個an easier version of a