1、重要高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)定語(yǔ)從句做題步驟1.判斷句子是否為定語(yǔ)從句2.若句子是定語(yǔ)從句，找到先行詞，判斷是人還是物3.分析句子是否缺少成分，然后選擇關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞4.介詞加which就相當(dāng)于某些關(guān)系副詞5.What 一定不能用于定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞whoWhomThatWhichWhoseWhenWherewhy先行詞人人人或物物人或物時(shí)間地點(diǎn)原因關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞只用that不用which的場(chǎng)合1.先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)e.g. This is the most interesting film that Ive ever seen.2.當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞時(shí)，如

2、all, little, few, much, something, anything, everything, none, nothing, no one, some等e.g. He did everything that he could to help us.3.先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, one of, the only, the very, the right, last, few, just, still等修飾時(shí)e.g. The only thing that we do is to give you some advi

3、ce.4.當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)e.g. My father and my mum talked for about half an hour of things and persons that they remembered in the school.5.當(dāng)主句是以who或which開(kāi)始的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)e.g. Who is the boy that won the gold medal.6.有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用which，另一個(gè)宜用thate.g. They built up a small factory, which produced things that cou

4、ld cause pollution.7.當(dāng)先行詞前有such或the same修飾，先行詞和關(guān)系代詞指同一物時(shí)e.g. She is wearing the same dress that she wore yesterday.只用which不用that的場(chǎng)合1.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)e.g. He built a house through which he could study the sky.2.引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)e.g. Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.3.先行詞本身是

5、that時(shí)e.g. Whats that which flashed in the sky just now.4.先行詞后有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)e.g. Here is the English grammar book which, as Ive told you, will help improve your English.只用who不用that的場(chǎng)合1.先行詞是指人的不定代詞時(shí)，如one, anyone, no one, all, nobody, anybody, none, those, people等e.g. People all like those who have good manners

6、.2.當(dāng)先行詞有較長(zhǎng)的后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)e.g. Professor Smith is coming soon who will give us a lecture on how to learn English.3.當(dāng)先行詞是一個(gè)限定性的表示人的特定名詞時(shí)e.g. The aunt who came to see us last week is my fathers younger sister.Way 和Time 后的定語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)way作為先行詞且意為“方法，方式”時(shí)關(guān)系詞可以是that, in which 或省略當(dāng)先行詞是time 時(shí)Time表示“次數(shù)”時(shí)關(guān)系詞用that, that可省略Time

7、表示“時(shí)間”時(shí)關(guān)系詞用when或介詞加whichThe same as 側(cè)重于相似性The same that 側(cè)重于同一性遇到point 和 situation 時(shí)關(guān)系詞通常用whereNoun clause(名詞性從句)名詞性從句做題步驟1.判斷句子是否為名詞性從句2.若句子為名詞性從句再判斷是哪一種名詞性從句3.要分析該句是否缺少什么成分也就是說(shuō)所選的連接詞除了引導(dǎo)名詞性從句外是否要在該從句中充當(dāng)什么成分4.要特別注意同位語(yǔ)從句(which不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句)名詞性從句的種類1.主語(yǔ)從句2.表語(yǔ)從句3.賓語(yǔ)從句4.同位語(yǔ)從句(能跟同位語(yǔ)從句的通常是抽象名詞，如news, idea, re

8、port, belief, fact, doubt, hope,information)What 和 that在名詞性從句中的區(qū)別What在名詞性從句中可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于the thing thate.g. What the teacher said was very valuable.That 在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分，只起連接作用，引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)常用it作形式主語(yǔ)；引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常被省略。e.g. That she will refuse the offer seems unlikely.只用whether不用if的場(chǎng)合1.引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句且置于句首時(shí)e.g. Wheth

9、er he will go there or not is not clear.2.引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)e.g. The problem is whether the TV play is worth watching.3.引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)e.g. The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.4.引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，前置，同時(shí)又作介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)e.g. We are interested in whether he will agree with us or not.5.作動(dòng)詞discuss的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)e.g. Lets discuss wh

10、ether Mary is fit for the position.6.其后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)e.g. Can you tell me whether to go or to stay.Doubt VS Sure Doubt用于肯定句時(shí)，后面的名詞性從句的連接詞常用whether或if Doubt用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，后面的名詞性從句的連接詞常用that Sure用于肯定句時(shí)，后面的名詞性從句的連接詞常用that Sure用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，后面的名詞性從句的連接詞常用whether或ifThat 在定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中的區(qū)別 That作為關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，

11、作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常可被省略 That引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，起連詞作用，不充當(dāng)任何成分，一般不能省略也不能與which互換。動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)常見(jiàn)的時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（要特別注意時(shí)刻表及客觀事實(shí)）一般過(guò)去時(shí) （要特別注意過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間經(jīng)常或反復(fù)的動(dòng)作）一般將來(lái)時(shí) （要特別注意be to表示按計(jì)劃或安排要做的事，be about to 表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（要特別注意動(dòng)詞加be動(dòng)詞的情況，它有一種故意如此的意思，e.g. You are stupid.(你很糊涂）You are being stupid.(你在裝糊涂）有一些詞不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：短暫動(dòng)作類：finish, marry感官類：see, hear

12、, smell, taste, feel, seem, sound感覺(jué)類：hate, like, love, wish存在類：be, exist, remain, stay占有從屬類：have, possess, own, belong認(rèn)知類：understand, know, think, remember現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成一定影響，要特別注意for, since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句以及第幾次做某事）過(guò)去完成時(shí)（過(guò)去的過(guò)去）動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài) 用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)的情況1.表示主語(yǔ)的某種特征的動(dòng)詞，如read, write, wash, dry, sell, wear e.g. The coat dri

13、es easily.2.表示開(kāi)始，結(jié)束，運(yùn)動(dòng)變化的某些動(dòng)詞，如start, drive, change, move e.g. In England, cars drive on the left-hand side of the road.3.表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)特征的連系動(dòng)詞，如look, feel, smell, sound, taste等 e.g. The desk feels smooth.4.用于be + adj.+不定式中 e.g. The chair is very comfortable to sit on.5. Worth及表示需要的need, want, require 之后的動(dòng)名

14、詞 e.g. His watch is out of order and needs repairing.倒 裝完全倒裝1.in, out, up, down, away, off, over, next, such, back 等副詞置于句首，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是come, go, rush, run等不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)(人稱代詞除外) e.g. Out rushed the students the moment the bell rang.2.there, here, now, then引導(dǎo)的句子（若主語(yǔ)為人稱代詞則用陳述語(yǔ)句） e.g. There goes the bell and class is

15、 over. Here you are.3.表示地點(diǎn)的詞置于句首時(shí) e.g. On the ground lay a sick person.4.直接引語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí) e.g. “Help” shouted the boy.5.現(xiàn)在分詞，過(guò)去分詞，形容詞+系動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ) e.g. Gone are the days when women were looked down upon. Present at the meeting was Mr Wang.部分倒裝1.否定詞如never, little, seldom, hardly, no, few, not 等置于句首e.g. Little did

16、 he know about English.2.由only, not until, no soonerthan, hardlywhen引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)置于句首e.g. Only by working hard can we succeed. Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.3.As引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為 “盡管”（若表語(yǔ)是名詞，其前不加冠詞）e.g. Clever as he is, he doesnt study well. Child as he is, he knows much abou

17、t English.4.在so/suchthat結(jié)構(gòu)中，so/such 引導(dǎo)的部分置于句首時(shí)e.g. Such a good boy is he that we all love him.5.so/neither/nor置于句首表示也或也不(注意與陳述句的區(qū)別)e.g. I saw the film last week. So did she. He promised to help. So he did.6.had, were, should開(kāi)頭的虛擬條件句中省略if引起的倒裝e.g. Had he worked harder, he would have got through the e

18、xams. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could1.表示能力e.g. He can play the piano.2.表示客觀可能性e.g. Accidents can happen to any drunken driver.3.表示請(qǐng)求和允許e.g. Can I have a look at your new watch?4.表示請(qǐng)求時(shí)口語(yǔ)中常用could代替can，語(yǔ)氣更委婉，但回答時(shí)仍用cane.g. Could you help me with the furniture？Yes, I can.5.表示驚訝，懷疑，不相信的態(tài)度（主要用于否定句疑問(wèn)句）e.g. How can you belie

19、ve such a liar like him?may/might1.表示允許，許可，否定回答為mustnte.g. May I listen to some music?2.表示請(qǐng)求允許時(shí)，might比may語(yǔ)氣更委婉e.g. Might I trouble you to pass me the book?3.表示可能性的推測(cè)，might比may語(yǔ)氣更加不確定e.g. Jack is absent. He might be ill.4.May用于祈使句表示祝愿e.g. May you succeed.Will/would1.表示意志或意愿e.g. He said he would do an

20、ything for her.2.用于第二人稱表示請(qǐng)求或建議，用would比will更委婉e.g. Would you open the window, please?3.表示習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作e.g. We would sit around Grandpa after super.4.表示預(yù)料或猜想e.g. It would be around ten when he left home.5.表示規(guī)律性的注定e.g. People will die without air or water.Should1.用于表示勸告或建議e.g. I think children should learn to

21、 respect their elders.2.表示推測(cè)e.g. It should be Mike who has taken away all the materials.3.用于第一人稱表示說(shuō)話人的一種謙順客氣委婉的語(yǔ)氣e.g. I should advise you not to do that.4.Why/how+should表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)某事不能理解，感到意外驚訝e.g. Why should you be so late today?Shall1.用于一三人稱，表示說(shuō)話人征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)和向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)示e.g. Shall we put off the sports meet？2.用于二

22、三人稱，表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的命令警告允諾或威脅e.g. You shall get an answer from me by tomorrow.Must1.表示必須(must側(cè)重主觀，have to側(cè)重于客觀）語(yǔ)氣比should，ought to強(qiáng)烈，其否定形式mustnte.g. Drivers mustnt drive after drinking.2.回答時(shí)用neednt或dont have toe.g. Must I come back before ten？No, you neednt/dont have to3.表示有把握的推測(cè)，意為一定準(zhǔn)是e.g. You must be ill. I can see it from your face.Ought to1.表示應(yīng)該，同shoulde.g. Humans ought to stop polluting.2.表示推測(cè)，意為想必e.g. He ought to be home by now.虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反:從句用過(guò)去時(shí)（be動(dòng)詞一律用were），主句用would/could/should/might+動(dòng)詞原形 e.g. If I had time, I would attend your p