1、第一周翻譯材料傳統(tǒng)上說，中國人在60歲以前對生日并不太注意。六十大壽被認為是人生中極為重要的一次，因此經(jīng)常要舉行盛大的慶祝。在此之后每隔10年就要舉行一場生日慶祝，也就是70歲、80歲等，直到去世為止。大體上說，人的年齡越大，慶祝的場合就越隆重。生日經(jīng)常是由成年子女來為他們的父母慶祝，以表現(xiàn)出對父母的尊敬并就父母為他們所做的一切表達自己的謝意。（162字）參考譯文：Traditionally, Chinese people do not pay a lot of attention to birthdays until they are 60 years old. The 60th birth

2、day is regarded as a very important point of life and therefore there is often a big celebration. After that, a birthday celebration is held every ten years, that is the 70th, the 80th, etc, until the persons death. Generally, the older the person is, the greater the celebration occasion is. It is o

3、ften the grownup sons and daughters who celebrate their elderly parents birthdays to show their respect for them and express their thanks for all that they have done for their children.翻譯參考譯文Week2絲綢是中國古老文化的象征，為促進世界人類文明的發(fā)展做出了不可磨滅的貢獻。中國絲綢以其卓越的品質(zhì)、精美的花色和豐富的文化內(nèi)涵而聞名于世。幾千年前，當(dāng)絲綢沿著絲綢之路傳向歐洲，它所帶去的，不僅僅是一件件華美的服飾

4、、飾品，更是東方古老燦爛的文明。從那時起，絲綢幾乎就成為了東方文明的傳播者（the emissary）和象征。（145字）1. 共主語的并列句子的翻譯技巧參考譯文：The silk is the symbol of the ancient Chinese culture and has made (making) an indelible contribution to the development of the world civilization. The Chinese silk is known throughout the world for its excellent quali

5、ties, exquisite colors and rich cultural connotations. Several thousand years ago, when the silk trade first reached Europe via the Silk Road, it brought with it not only the gorgeous silk apparel and decorative items, but also the ancient and resplendent Oriental civilization. From then on, silk wa

6、s regarded as the emissary (blazer) and symbol of the Oriental civilization.第三周段落翻譯參考答案Passage3在中國，人們用十二生肖（Twelve Animal Signs）來記錄周而復(fù)始的日期。/即：每一年有一個動物代表，每個十二年進行一個循環(huán)。這十二個動物分別是：鼠、牛、虎、兔、龍、蛇、馬、羊、猴、雞、狗、豬。/十二生肖在中國民間傳說中有其文化內(nèi)涵，占星術(shù)（horoscope）就是由其發(fā)展而來的。例如，馬年出生的人被認為“快樂、受歡迎、愛恭維他人”。（139字）翻譯技巧：意群的區(qū)分不僅僅依賴于原文的標(biāo)點符號參考

7、譯文：In China, people apply the Twelve Animal Signs to record the cycle of years. Namely, every year is assigned an animal name or “sign” according to a repeating cycle: Rat, Ox, Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Sheep, Monkey, Rooster, Dog and Boar. Therefore, every twelve years the same animal na

8、me or “sign” would reappear. The animal signs own cultural connotations (meaning) in Chinese folklore and horoscope has been developed around them. For example, based on it, a person born in the Year of the Horse is predicted to be “cheerful, popular, and loving to compliment others”.第四周翻譯參考譯文Passag

9、e4中國人喜歡在一起吃飯，這個傳統(tǒng)可以追溯到很久之前。這反映出中國人喜歡團圓不愿分離的觀念圓桌、圓盤、還有圓碗都象征著團圓和美滿。盤子通常放在桌子的中央，這樣坐在一桌子面前的聽有人都可以吃得到。一鍋熱湯尤其可以增加和諧、團圓的氣氛。朋友們在一起吃飯、生活。最近一位美國漢學(xué)家（Sinologist）的著作認為，中國人的集體觀念就是從一同吃飯發(fā)展而來的。（161字）指代關(guān)系的翻譯（如何前后銜接）參考譯文：Chinese like to eat together, a tradition that can be traced back a long time ago. It reflects the

10、 Chinese notion of union versus separationround tables, round dishes, and round bowls all symbolize union and perfection. Dishes are usually placed at the center of the table so that everyone around the table can share them. A hot pot, in particular, adds to the atmosphere of harmony and union. Frie

11、nds eat and live together. An American Sinologist held in his recent book that Chinese collective tradition developed out of the practice of eating together.第五周翻譯參考答案Passage5農(nóng)歷正月十五是燈節(jié)，也叫元宵節(jié)。元宵節(jié)標(biāo)志著春節(jié)喜慶的結(jié)束。元宵節(jié)過后，一切又恢復(fù)正常。燈節(jié)活動熱鬧非凡，人們充滿無比的喜悅。在燈節(jié)這天整個夜晚花燈充滿整個街道，人們載歌載舞，形成了一個群眾性的娛樂活動。長期以來，人們不斷制造各種精美、奇異的花燈以及各

12、種爆竹和煙花來增添燈節(jié)的熱鬧氣氛。（144字）同位語或同位語從句的應(yīng)用句子與句子之間關(guān)系的梳理用英語思維去觀察中文句子參考譯文：The Lantern Festival，also the Yuanxiao Festival, falls on the 15th day of the first Chinese lunar month. The Lantern Festival marks the end of the Spring Festival celebrations. And after the Festival, everything returns to normal. The L

13、antern Festival is bustling with activity. People are filled with incomparable joy. On that day, festive lanterns fill the whole street and people sing and dance throughout the whole night. This forms a mass recreational activity. For a long time, people have continuously produced various kinds of e

14、legant and strange lanterns. Various kinds of firecrackers and fireworks make the Yuanxiao Festival even more alive.第六周翻譯參考譯文在中國，禮物在上門拜訪時是必不可少的，但是它并沒有那么復(fù)雜。花卉、普通水果以及食品通常就行了。至于酒，你可得弄清楚主人是不是喜歡喝酒。在午飯時間，主人會讓你多吃點東西或多喝點酒。如果你不想讓他們失望的話，你就可以根據(jù)你的情況多來一點。如果你真的是酒足飯飽了，你最好直接謝絕，否則好客的主人會繼續(xù)往你的碗里添菜。（150字）參考譯文：In China,

15、 a gift is necessary when visiting a family. However, gift-giving is not so complex. Usually, flowers, common fruits and food are okay. As for alcohol, you had better check whether the host enjoys it. During lunch time, hosts will ask you to have more food or alcohol. If you do not want to disappoin

16、t them, you can have a little more according to your situation. If you are truly full, you had better decline it directly; otherwise, the hospitable hosts will continue to refill your bowl.第七周翻譯參考答案Passage7中國風(fēng)箏主要分為兩大類：飛翼可拆開（detachable）類和飛翼固定類。第一類風(fēng)箏的飛翼可以拆下，放入箱內(nèi)，既便于攜帶，又用于禮物送人。第二類的飛翼是固定的，龍骨不能拆開，但是飛得更高、

17、更好、更穩(wěn)。根據(jù)設(shè)計和規(guī)格等分類，中國風(fēng)箏可以分為300多種，例如：人文、魚、昆蟲、鳥、動物，等等。在尺寸上，直徑為30厘米至304米不等。（144字）參考譯文：Chinese kites fall into two major categories: those with detachable wings and those with fixed wings. The former can be taken apart and packed in boxes. Easy to carry about, they make good presents. The second category

18、refers to those with fixed, non-detachable frames; they fly better and higher, given a steady wind. Classified by designs and other specifications, there are no less than 300 varieties, including human figures, fish, insects, birds, animals and written characters. In size, they range from 304 meters

19、 to only 30 centimeters across.第八周翻譯參考譯文Passage8中國菜譽滿天下，為全世界人所喜愛。在中國飲食文化中，有一個有趣的觀念“食補”。食補（tonic food）是指通過食用某些食物后以增進健康，或防止疾病，尤其是在人容易生病的時候。舉個例子，在過去的習(xí)俗里，產(chǎn)婦在產(chǎn)后一個月內(nèi)每天都要吃麻油雞（sesameoil chicken）。人們認為這道菜對肌肉有益，并能減輕疼痛、促進循環(huán)、刺激排汗和暖和身子。（143字）參考譯文：Chinese cuisine is widely known and enjoyed in all four corners of

20、the world. In Chinese food culture, there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese foodthe ancient custom of “tonic food”. Tonic food is food which is consumed to improve ones well-being, or stave off sickness, particularly at times when one is more prone to illness. For instance, it was once t

21、he custom for new mothers to eat sesameoil chicken every day for the first month after giving birth. It was believed that this dish would benefit the muscles, reduce pain, improve circulation, stimulate sweating, and warm the body.Passage9筷子的發(fā)明反映了古代中國人的智慧。一雙筷子，雖然看起來簡單，卻能夾起（nip），挑起，撕裂（rip）和攪拌食物。在古代，筷

22、子叫做“箸”?？曜拥陌l(fā)展也經(jīng)歷了很長的歷史。在夏朝初（公元21世紀到前16世紀），筷子的形狀也在發(fā)展中?？曜又挥性谏坛瘯r（公元前16世紀到前11世紀）才成為兩根等長的棍子。商朝后期，商紂王命令他的工匠用象牙做筷子，被看作是中作飲食史早期最昂貴的筷子。（168字）參考譯文：The invention of chopsticks reflects the wisdom of Chinese ancient people. A pair of chopsticks, though they look simple, can nip, pick, rip and stir food. In ancie

23、nt times, chopsticks were called “Zhu”. Development of chopsticks has experienced a long history. Early in Xia Dynasty (21st16th century B.C.), the shape of chopstick was still in development. Chopsticks didnt become two sticks of the same length before the Shang Dynasty (16th 11th century B.C.). In

24、 the late Shang Dynasty, the tyrannical King Zhou ordered his craftsmen to make chopsticks from elephants teeth, which were seen as the most luxurious chopsticks in the early history of Chinese food culture.第十周翻譯參考譯文京劇是中國式戲劇的一種，被看作是中國文化的瑰寶。京劇集合動作、歌唱、對話和獨白、雜技、舞蹈為一體，講述一個故事或刻畫不同人物并表達他們的情感，如開心、憤怒、傷心、喜悅、

25、驚奇、害怕和悲痛。京劇里一般有四類角色：生（男子）、旦（青年女子）、凈（花臉，男）、丑（小丑，男女皆有）。無論忠奸、美丑或是好壞，都能在京劇中得以生動的表現(xiàn)。（163字）參考譯文：Beijing Opera or Peking opera is a kind of Chinese opera which is widely regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China. Peking Opera is a synthesis of stylized action, si

26、nging, dialogue and mime, acrobatic fighting and dancing to represent a story or depict different characters and their feelings of gladness, anger, sorrow, happiness, surprise, fear and sadness. In Peking Opera there are four main types of roles: sheng(male), dan(young female),jing(painted face, mal

27、e),chou(clown, male or female). The characters may be loyal or treacherous, beautiful or ugly, good or bad, their images being vividly manifested.第十一周翻譯參考譯文Passage11武術(shù)在中國有悠久的歷史和廣泛的群眾基礎(chǔ)。武術(shù)最初因為軍事訓(xùn)練和身體鍛煉得到發(fā)展，在徒手打斗中士兵用它來保命?，F(xiàn)在，武術(shù)的軍事用途已漸漸不被看重，而是發(fā)展成為一門有組織有系統(tǒng)的藝術(shù)表演學(xué)科的分支，因為它對身體的好處和運動的特征成為主要特點。因此武術(shù)在全中國范圍內(nèi)都很受歡迎

28、，男女老少皆宜。當(dāng)今許多人習(xí)武是為了保持健康，自我防衛(wèi)，修養(yǎng)身心，娛樂和競賽。（173字）參考譯文：Wushu, boasting a long history, is well-received by the public in China. Originally, it was developed for the sake of military drill and physical well-being and was seen as a crucial skill for a soldiers survival in hand-to-hand combat. Today, its mi

29、litary function has faded and it has been organized and systematized into a formal branch of study in the performance arts by the Chinese, while its physical welfare and athletic functions become dominant. Hence, Wushu, practiced by men and women, young and old alike, enjoys nationwide popularity in

30、 China. Nowadays, many people exercise it for good health, defense skills, mental discipline, entertainment and competition.Passage12農(nóng)歷五月初五是中國的端午節(jié)。傳說這是為了紀念2000多年前的詩人屈原而形成的節(jié)日，同時也是人們祈求農(nóng)業(yè)豐收，驅(qū)除瘟疫（pestilence）的節(jié)日。相傳屈原投江后，人們?yōu)榱瞬蛔岕~鱉咬食屈原的軀體，就用竹葉或葦葉（reed leave），包上糧食投入江中，以喂飽魚鱉。這樣就流傳下來端午節(jié)吃粽子的習(xí)俗。用龍頭、龍尾裝飾的木船稱作龍舟。賽

31、龍舟最初表達屈原投江后，人們尋救他的迫切心情，后來成為端午流行的一項民間體育競技活動。（182字）參考譯文：The Chinese Dragon Boat Festival falls on the fifth day of the fifth month on the Chinese Lunar Calendar. It is said that the day is kept in memory of the patriotic poet Qu Yuan who died more than 2000 years ago. Its also a day when people pray f

32、or agricultural harvests as well as drive pestilences away. Legend goes that after Qu Yuan's jumping into river to death, people would throw rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves into the water to feed the fish in order to keep them away from eating Qu Yuans body,. Thats how the tradition of eat

33、ing Zongzi(rice dumplings wrapped in leaves) around the Dragon Boat Festival started. The dragon boat is made of wood, with mythical dragon head and dragon tail decorations on it. Dragon boat racing originally showed peoples wish to rescue Qu Yuan from drowning, and gradually became a popular compet

34、itive mass sport.Passage13中醫(yī)是中國各民族醫(yī)學(xué)的總稱（the general designation），包括漢族醫(yī)學(xué)、藏族醫(yī)學(xué)、蒙古族醫(yī)學(xué)、苗族醫(yī)學(xué)等多個民族的醫(yī)學(xué)。中國是醫(yī)藥文化發(fā)展最早的國家之一。中醫(yī)認為人體是一個有機的整體，在診治疾病時，首先要觀察病人外表，聽病人的喘息聲音，詢問發(fā)病過程、自我感覺和飲食起居情況，然后在手腕（wrist）上摸脈動（pulse）。這種診斷方法，稱為“望”、“聞”、“問”、“切”。（157字）參考譯文：Traditional Chinese medical science is the general designation of v

35、ariousmedicine practiced by different ethnic groups, including those of the Hans, the Tibetans, the Mongolians and also the Miao ethnic group, etc. China is one of the countries where medicinal cultures developed earliest in the world. It is believed that the human body is an organic whole in tradit

36、ional Chinese medicine. This, in diagnosis and treatment of a disease, examination includes first observing the symptom expression, then listening to the breathing sound, after that inquiring about the medical history, including the physical sensation, the diet and daily life of the patient, and fin

37、ally feeling the pulse on the wrist. This method of diagnosis is summarized as “watching, hearing, asking, and touching.”第十四周翻譯參考譯文Passage14紅樓夢是一部對中國、對世界都有很大影響的長篇小說，作者是清代小說家曹雪芹。它以賈寶玉、林黛玉的愛情悲劇為主線，從中表現(xiàn)了賈、史、王、薛四大家族的興衰，揭示了封建社會漸趨崩潰的內(nèi)幕，反映了人們對個性解放與人權(quán)平等的要求。賈寶玉，紅樓夢的中心人物，他養(yǎng)尊處優(yōu)，卻渴望無拘無束的自由生活，鄙視科舉（imperial exami

38、nations）道路和富貴功名。他愛上了同樣有叛逆精神的林黛玉，就注定了悲劇結(jié)局。（182字）參考譯文：The Dream of the Red Mansions, written by the Qing-dynasty novelist Cao Xueqin, has exerted a great impact on China as well as on the world. The storyline of the novel is the love tragedy between JiaBaoyu and Lin Daiyu, by which the rise and fall o

39、f the four families of Jia, Shi, Wang andXue are unfolded. It uncovered hidden reasons of the decline of the feudal society and reflected the demand for the freedom of individuality and the equality of human rights. As a protagonist in the book, JiaBaoyu led a comfortable and luxurious life, but yea

40、rned for aunstrained life with much freedom. He disdained promotion through imperial examinations, and the pursuit of fame and fortune. He fell in love with Lin Daiyu, a girl also with a rebellious personality, which foretells the doomed tragic ending of their love affair.第十五周翻譯參考譯文Passage15唐代(公元618

41、-907年)是中國古典詩歌的全盛時期，人們把這一時期的詩歌統(tǒng)稱為唐詩。唐代有許多著名詩人和詩作，流傳至今的詩有48900首，最著名的詩人是李白和杜甫。唐詩流傳最廣的一種普及本唐詩三百首，由清代學(xué)者孫洙于1763年選編。書中的詩，出自70多位唐代著名詩人，均為精華之作，深受中外讀者的喜愛。（134字）參考譯文： The Tang Dynasty(618-907) was a time when Chinese classical poetry came into full swing, and thus people usually call the poetry written in the

42、era as Tangshi, the poetry of the Tang Dynasty. The Dynasty saw a large galaxy of poets and poetry, with a total of 48900 poems. The most outstanding poets among them were Li Bai and Du Fu. Three Hundred Poems of the Tang Dynasty is the most popular collection of Tang-dynasty poems, selected and com

43、plied in 1763 by the Qing-dynasty scholar Sun Zhu. The poems selected were written by over 70 Tang-dynasty poets, and were all gems of Tang Dynasty poems which are favored even today by readers at home and abroad.第十六周翻譯參考譯文Passage16旗袍（Cheongsam）是中國的女性服裝，由滿族（Manchurian）女袍服演變而來，已有300多年的歷史了。滿族人曾被稱為旗人，因

44、而得名旗袍?，F(xiàn)在，旗袍作為禮賓、節(jié)慶時中國女性的標(biāo)志性服裝。受現(xiàn)代服飾的影響，人們對傳統(tǒng)旗袍進行了改造：取消袖子，縮短衣長，降低領(lǐng)口，以突出穿著個性和型體美感?，F(xiàn)代旗袍在不同季節(jié)、場合穿著，更為舒適大方。后來，旗袍還傳至國外，為他國女子模仿穿著。（165字）參考譯文：Cheongsam, a typical dress for Chinese women, has evolved from the long gown worn by the Manchurians women over 300 years ago. As the Manchurians are always called th

45、e Qi People, the clothes they wear, therefore, get the name of Qi Pao(Pao means the long gown). Up to date, women can still be seen wearing the elegant cheongsam on formal or festive occasions. As time changes, adaptions have been made to traditional cheongsam to suit modern women: with sleeves remo

46、ved, length shortened, and collar cut low, so as to make the woman who wears it look more graceful and sexy. So the cheongsam we now have is as comfortable to wear as it is appealing to look at. Later, cheongsam, even spread to foreign countries and became the favorite of foreign females.第十七、八周翻譯參考答案Passage17雄踞于山東省中部，主峰海拔1545米的泰山自古以來就受到中國人的敬仰。它享有“五岳之首”（F