1、福建高職專升本英語考試考Vocabulary & Structure 詞匯的考查重點1）動詞，名詞與介詞的搭配如：popularpatientwith； yieldsolutionadapttransferaccessto；accuserequireof； chargefor； underdiscussion等等。2）習慣用法：confess toset aboutbe used todoing；be supposed tohavemake sbdo等。3）由同一動詞構成的短語如：come，go，set，break等構成的短語。4）單個的動詞，抽象名詞，形容詞和副詞多以近義詞、同義詞的

2、形式出現。5）介詞短語在句中作狀語如：in terms of；with the exception of；in vain等，另外還應注意rather than，other than，such as，nonenothingbut等詞在考題中的出現。福建專升本考試中的重點語法項 1.虛擬語氣* 2.非謂語動詞* 3.狀語從句*4.定語從句* 5.名詞性從句* 6.特殊句式*7.強調結構*8.倒裝* 9.比較用法* 10.時態*11.被動語態*12.情態動詞*13.省略* 14.主謂一致*I. 虛擬語氣I. 虛擬語氣在條件句中的運用(1) 一般結構:If I were free today, I w

3、ould go shopping with you. （現在）If I had been free yesterday, I would have gone shopping with you.（過去） If I were to be free tomorrow, I might go shopping with you.（將來）(2)混合時間條件句If I hadn't stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you wouldn't be smiling now.（從句用過去完成時，主句用現在進行時） If I

4、were you, I would have gone to the film last night.(從句虛擬現在，主句虛擬過去)；If we hadn't got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.(從句虛擬過去，主句虛擬將來)；(3)含蓄條件句 I would have written the paper before, but I have been ill.(=If I had not been ill, I would have written the paper be

5、fore.); (4) Were, had, should, could 等放在主語之前如果條件句中含有were, had, should, could，有時可以省掉if，而把謂語中的were, had, should, could等放在主語前面。Were you in my position, what would you do?Had I time, I would come to see you.Would time allow, I should like to tell you the whole thing.(5)介詞短語 without, but for, in the abse

6、nce等表示虛擬條件But for your help, we could not have succeeded in our experiment.沒有你們的幫助，我們的實驗時不可能成功的。Without electricity, there would be no modern industry.沒有電就不會有現代工業。(6) "Were it not for/Had it not been for+賓語"或"But that+從句"表示假設條件 Were it not for your help, I couldn't have succe

7、eded.Had it not been for your help, I'd never have been able to succeed. But that he saw it (=If he had not seen it), he could not have believed it. II.虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的應用表建議：advice, suggest, recommend, propose, hint 表要求：request, require, ask, urge表命令：order, demand, direct, command其它： insistIII. 上述動詞的

8、名詞帶起的同位語從句或表語從句IV. 兩種類型的主語從句 其結構通常為"It is/was + 形容詞或過去分詞+主語從句（用虛擬語氣）" 1. 表語是上述動詞的過去分詞。這相當于把賓語從句倒過來作主語從句.2. 表語是上述動詞的同根形容詞，常見的有advisable, desirable和demanding3. 表語是一些表示情態的形容詞，表面上與那些動詞無關，但實際表達的是一種意愿。如：It is essential that we should take immediate actions. 下面列出一些常用的，供大家參考：appropriate（合適的）, comp

9、ulsory（強制的）, crucial(緊要的)，desirable（理想的）, essential（必要的）, imperative (迫切的), important（重要的）, natural(自然的), obligatory (必須履行的)， preferable（更好的）, proper（合適的）, improper (不合適的), strange（奇怪的）urgent（緊迫的）, vital（至關重要的）等。V.幾個特殊的虛擬語氣句型1. it be () time that 表示"到的時間了“It is high time that you went to bed.2.

10、 would rather/sooner that , "我寧可" I'd rather that we had no English exams.3. 在正式用法中，由lest/for fear that/in case引導的從句中，要用should（可省略）+動詞原形的結構。They took their guns with them lest they should run into animals.近年考試中的虛擬語氣試題 1. Many a delegate was in favor of his proposal that a special commi

11、ttee _ to investigate the incident.A) was set up B) were set up C) set up D) be set up2. Things might have been much worse if the mother _ on right to keep the baby. A) had insisted B) has been insisting C) insisted D) would insist3. Who would you rather _ with you, George or me? A) going B) to go C

12、) have gone D) went4. He said that the driver must have had an accident; otherwise he _by then. A) would have arrived B) must have arrived C) should arrive D) would arrive5. While crossing the mountain area, all the men carried guns lest they _ by wild animals. A) should be attacked B) had been atta

13、cked C) must be attacked D) would be attacked6. If I _ harder at school, I would be sitting in a comfortable office now. (A) worked B) were to work C) had worked D) were working7. _ the storm, the ship would have reached its destination on time.(A) But for B) In case of C) In spite of D) Because of8

14、.The police man declared that the blow _ on the victim's head from behind. A) must have been made B) would have been madeC) ought to have been made D) should have been madeII. 非謂語動詞 非謂語動詞既是四級考試的重點也是難點，在每年的考試中都占有相當大的比例。其中最為重要的是分詞作狀語和獨立主格結構。非謂語動詞有動詞不定式to do, 動名詞doing和分詞三種形式，分詞包括現在分詞doing和過去分詞done,

15、 非謂語動詞在句子中不能作謂語。但都保持動詞的性質，有時態和語態的變化，有自己的賓語和狀語等。非謂語動詞還具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，可以在句子中做主語、賓語、表語、補語、定語或狀語.The two buildings being repaired now are the students' dormitories. (現在進行時表示動作正在發生，被動語態表示被動)The two buildings repaired during the summer vacation are the students' dormitories. (過去分詞作定語，表示動作完成)The tw

16、o buildings to be repaired are the students' dormitories. (不定式表示動作未發生，將發生)非謂語動詞的否定形式和物主代詞的用法Not knowing what to do next, he asked me for help. (分詞作狀語的否定形式)I regret not telling her the news earlier. (動名詞作賓語的否定形式)I don't mind your being late . (動名詞作賓語的物主形式)I persuade him not to stay there too

17、long. (不定式作補語的否定形式)不定式和動名詞的區別在英語中不同的動詞要求后邊的賓語形式不同。有些動詞要求動名詞作賓語，有些動詞要求不定式作賓語，還有些動詞既可以用動名詞又可以用不定式作賓語，但所表達的意思卻不同。所以大家要記住這些特殊的動詞。要求不定式作賓語的動詞有：expect, urge, intend, persuade, prefer, cause, encourage, tell, ask, make, let要求動名詞作賓語的動詞有：mind, quit, resent, mention, appreciate, postpone, consider, enjoy, des

18、erve, delay, avoid, escape, deny, resist, admit, fancy, give up, cannot but, need, want，feel like下列動詞既可以用動名詞又可以用不定式作賓語remember, forget, regret, 后接不定式表示動作尚未發生；接動名詞表示動作已經發生。like, hate, love 后接不定式表示具體的或一次性的動作；接動名詞表示習慣性或抽象性動作。mean 后接不定式表示打算去做一件事；接動名詞表示意思是什么。幾種特殊的句型1. It is no use arguing with her about

19、the matter.2. But + (to)do: 介詞前動詞若是實義動詞do，省略to; 若不是實義動詞do，則不能省略to。 He said nothing but to cry. He did nothing but cry.3. 分詞的固定搭配詞組：judging from, generally speaking, considering, takinginto consideration, compared to (with)分詞作狀語過去分詞和現在分詞（包括一些形容詞）短語皆能作狀語，其作用相當于狀語從句，只不過是何種狀語從句要根據句子的內容而確定。如：Having (=As/

20、Because I had ) no money, I borrowed some from John.（表原因）Walking (=When I was walking) along the bank, I met a friend. (表時間)Turning (= If you turn) to the right, you will see the shop. (表條件 )注意有時分詞狀語的前面可以加連詞。如：Although defeated (=Although he has been defeated) many times, he still challenges me.When

21、 cursed (=When she was cursed) by the witch, the princess felt very weak 獨立主格結構獨立主格結構是帶有邏輯主語的分詞短語，它有以下幾種形式： 主語分詞Time permitting, we will go out this weekend.The report having been read， a lively discussion began. With + 邏輯主語+分詞(形容詞、副詞或介詞短語等)The old man came in with a book under his arm.They went hom

22、e with the lights on.要注意區分分詞作狀語與獨立主格結構，前者的邏輯主語是與句子的主語是一致的，而后者有自己的主語，即分詞的前面有名詞或代詞，否則句子的意義就不通。如：*Getting dark, I left in a hurry.這是個錯句。正確的形式是在分詞前加上它的主語it. 近年試題中的非謂語動詞1. He wasn't appointed chairman of the committee, _ not very popular with all its members. A) to be considered B) considering C) bei

23、ng considered D) having considered2. Although a teenager, Fred could resist _ what to do and what not to do. A) being told B) telling C) to be told D) to tell3. What a lovely party! It's worth _ all my life. A) remembering B) to remember C) to be remembered D) being remembered 4. We left the mee

24、ting, there obviously _ no point in staying. A) were B) being C) to be D) having5. Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely _ to the outside world. A) having been lost B) to be lose C) losing D) lost 6. Professor Wang, _ for his informative lectures, was warmly received by his student

25、s. A) knowing B) known C) to be known D) having knownIII. 狀語從句狀語從句與連詞有密切的關系，請結合連詞部分進行復習。重中之重是as作"雖然"時候的用法，要把修飾語提前到從句開頭，但主謂并不倒裝。如：Old as she was, she was quiet energetic.1時間狀語從句 1) 常見關聯詞有 when, whenever, while, as, before, after 等。2) 表示"一就"的連詞：once, as soon as, hardly /scarcelywhe

26、n, no soonerthan, the minute, the moment, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly3) 其他表示時間的短語還有：every time, next time, the day 等。2原因狀語從句1) 通常由because, as ,since引導, 三者區別：because 語氣最強，重在交待原因，以why引導的疑問句只能用because來回答；其前可用only, just等詞強調；可用在 It isthat強調句型中。如：You shouldn't get angry just because

27、some people speak ill of you. as 一詞語氣最弱，表示明顯的原因。如：As she was in a hurry, she left her key in the car. since 表示人們已知的事實，所以常譯成"既然"。如：Since everyone is here, let's get started.另外，for屬并列連詞，不能位于句首，是對前一分句加以解釋或說明。如：It must have rained last night, for the yard is wet.2）與since相近，seeing that, now

28、 that, considering that, given that 都有"鑒于某個事實、考慮到"的意思，此外，in that， not thatbut that，on the grounds that 均可表示原因。3目的狀語從句 引導詞有 so that, in order that, ( 從句中常有情態助動詞 may/might, shall/should, will/would, can/could)，in case, for fear that, lest (從句中常有should, might等助動詞)，for the purpose that 等。4條件狀語

29、從句 分為真實和非真實兩種。（非真實條件狀語從句詳見虛擬語氣部分）引導詞有if, unless, as/so long as, once, in case, provided/providing that, suppose, supposing that, on condition that5讓步狀語從句 引導詞有：though, although, as, even though, even if, wh-ever (no matter how/what/who)，while (while位于句首，一般意為"盡管") 如：While we don't agree，

30、we continue to be friends. 近年試題中的狀語從句 1. I was halfway back to the cottage where my mother lived _ Susan caught up with me. A) though B) until C) when D) while2. The fire was finally brought under control, but not _ extensive damage had been caused. (A) after B) before C) since D) as3. We hadn't

31、 met for 20 years, but I recognized her _ I saw her. (A) for the moment B) the moment when (C) at the moment when D) the moment4. Contrast may make something appear more beautiful than it is when _ alone. A) seen B) is seen C) to be seen D) having been seen5._much is known about what occurs during s

32、leep, the precise function of sleep and its different stages remains largely in the realm of assumption.A) Because B) For C) Since D) While6. Don't let the child play with scissors_ he cuts himself. A) in case B) so that C) now that D) only if7. _the danger from enemy action, people had to cope

33、with a severe shortage of food, clothing, fuel, and almost everything.A) As far as B) As long as C) As well as D) As soonIV. 定語從句主要考點是關系代詞，尤其是that, as, 介詞+which的用法。1.在下列情形下只能用that，而不能用which1.當先行詞為all ,few,little,many,much,everything ,something,anything, none等不定代詞時,關系代詞一般用that 而不用which/who This is al

34、l thatIcan find Nowadays there are few people that would like to do a thing without pay 2.當先行詞有形容詞最高級修飾時,關系代詞用that ,而不用whichwho This is the best dish thatIhave ever tasted 3.當先行詞有表示序數的詞如first, second, next ,last等修飾時,關系代詞用that,而不用whichwho This is the last room that we have4.當先行詞被the only , the every,

35、 the same ,the right等限定詞修飾時,關系代詞一般用that,而不用whichwho He is the very man thatIm looking for It is the only book that he left when he died5.當先行詞既有人又有物時?關系代詞只能用that, 而不能用whichwho They said they had received the men and equipment that they needed6.當主句是以which開頭的特殊問句時, 定語從句關系代詞一般用that ，而不用which， 以避免重復。 Whi

36、ch of the songs that she sang just now is your favourite? 2. that, which 和as 非限定性定語從句中的先行詞在從句中作主語指人、指物或主句所指代的一個意義時，引導詞不能用that，而只能用which或 as。而后兩者的區別是which引導的非限定性定語從句可放在句中和句末，卻不能置于句首，as引導的從句既可放在句中、句末，也可置于句首。He once helped a woman, which (as) was reported in the newspaper.The dog, which (as) is black,

37、is running toward the strange man.As is known, the director of the company is going to come to our branch to have an inspection of the production here. 3. which和whom在從句中作介詞的賓語 介詞一般放在二者之前，也可放在從句原來的位置上，在含有介詞的固定詞組中介詞只能放在原來的位置上，而不能放在二者之前。(正)Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel. (正)Ple

38、ase tell me whom you borrow the English novel from.(正)This is the magazine (that) you are looking for.(誤)This is the magazine for which you are looking.4. 介詞which的結構可代替定語從句中的引導詞when和where。 He was born in Germany where (in which) he stayed for 12 years. She arrived at 12 o'clock when (at which) i

39、t was raining hard.5. but, than也可作關系代詞You spent more money than was intended to be spent.There are very few but admire his talents. 很少有人不贊賞他的才干的。 but = who dont近年試題中的定語從句 1. Beer is the most popular drink among drinkers,_ overall consumption is significant.(A) whose B) which C) that D) what 2. Agric

40、ulture was a step in human progress _ which subsequently there was not anything comparable until our own machine age. A) to B) in C) for D) from 3. Government reports, examination compositions, legal documents and most letters are the main situations _ formal language is used. (A) in which B) on whi

41、ch C) in that D) at what4.The residents, _ had been damaged by the fire, were given help by the Red Cross. A) all of their homes B) all their homes C) whose all homes D) all of whose homes5. These people once had fame and fortune; now _ is left to them is utter poverty. A) all that B) all what C) al

42、l which D) that all 6. In India more than one hundred languages are spoken, _which only fourteen are recognized as official. A) With B) within C) in D) ofV. 名詞性從句 名詞性從句考的最多的是what與that的區別,名詞性從句包括：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句，多由連詞that，wh- 疑問詞或由what，whatever 等關系代詞引導，其中同位語從句在四級考試中最常見 1. 主語從句1) 主語從句在句子中充當主語，句子的謂

43、語動詞用第三人稱單數。如：Why he refused to work with you is still mystery.2) 主語從句前的that不能省略，僅起連接作用，有時為了保持句子平衡，that從句后置，而由it作形式主語。如：That he became a lawyer may have been due to his mother's influence.It is not true that he has moved to New York.2表語從句當從句放在be, look, remain, seem等系動詞后即構成表語從句。The trouble is that

44、 I have lost his address.It seemed that the night would never end.3. 同位語從句1) 同位語從句是對與之同位的名詞中心詞作進一步解釋，能接同位語從句的常見名詞有: idea, fact, news, belief, hope, evidence, opinion, problem, truth, answer, proposal, theory, decision, discovery, problem, thought, understanding 等。2) 同位語從句與定語從句的區別在于：定語從句是對先行詞加以修飾、限制，

45、而同位語從句是說明名詞中心詞的具體內容；that在定語從句中充當成分，為關系代詞，而在同位語從句中不做任何成分,僅起連詞作用。如：The fact that we talked about is very important. (定語從句)The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.( 同位語從句)4. whether與if 在名詞性從句中的用法區別if一般只用于引導賓語從句，而 whether可引導包括賓語從句在內的其他名詞從句。1) 連詞whether引導的主語從句，表語從句不能用if來替換。Whether

46、he will attend the meeting is uncertain.The question is whether he will come.2) 賓語從句中，whether常與or not搭配，可以說whether or not，而不說if or not。I don't care whether or not she will attend the meeting.3) whether可用在介詞后，或帶to的不定式前，if則不可。She doesn't know whether to get married now or wait.I haven't se

47、ttled the question of whether I'll go back home.4) 某些動詞后面(如discuss)只能用whether ，不用if。We discussed whether we should go on climbing.近年試題中的名詞性從句： 1. We agreed to accept _ they thought was the best tourist guide. A) whichever B) whoever C) whatever D) whomever2. The mother didn't know who _ for

48、the broken glass. A) blamed B) to blame C) be blamed D) would blame3. How is it _ your roommate's request and yours are identical? A) if B) so C) what D) that4. They always give the vacant seats to _ comes first.A) whoever B) whomever C) who D) whom VI. 特殊句式特殊句式往往含有特殊的含義，它們既是詞匯語法中的考查點，也是閱讀理解、完型填

49、空和翻譯試題中的考查點、難點。這里我們對四級試題中常出現的固定句式進行歸納并詳細講解它們的用法。 1、rather than 而不是；與其不如rather than連詞，用以連接同類詞語，以表示“(是) 而不是”，“與其不如”，著重客觀上的差別。Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people _ harm them. A) more than B) other than C) rather than D) better than四個選項意思分別為 A) more than超出，多于； B) other than不同于；除了；C

50、) rather than而不是； D) better than優于， 答案C) （注意要點：rather than后為否定的成分，即"不是"。） He lay rather than sat in his chair與其說他是坐在椅子里，不如說是躺在椅子里。The freckles over her nose were an added attraction rather than otherwise.她鼻子上的雀斑不但無損容貌，反而使她更加嬌媚動人。ratherthan "寧可而不","寧愿"，表示主觀上的抉擇。 I would

51、rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than share a room with someone else. 題意：我寧愿有個自己的房間，不管多小，也不愿與人共住一室。rather than 用于"prefer + 不定式"后面時，應接一個不帶to的不定式，即動詞原型。He would prefer to live in a small village rather than live in a big city. 他愿意住在小村莊里而不愿住在大城市里。 Rather than John do it, I w

52、ould prefer to do the job myself.與其讓約翰干這件事，我寧肯自己動手。2. more A than B 與其說是B, 倒不如說是A。The children are more frightened than hurt. 這孩子與其說是受傷，倒不如說是受到驚嚇。(注意要點：more 后的成分為"是"的東西，than 的意思像當于"not"。) 3. more than1) 超出，超過的The little man was _ one meter fifty high. A) almost more than B) hardl

53、y more than C) nearly more than D) as much as答案B) 題意：這個矮個子身高不到一米五。2) (口語)十分，非常，極其句型：more than happy / glad / willing etc. to do sth 非常愿意做某事 I am more than pleased . 我是十二分高興。 4.do more than +不帶to的不定式 In the course of day students do far more than just _ classes.A) attend B) attended C) to attend D) a

54、ttending 答案A）題意：在這一天里，學生所做的遠不止只是聽課。解析：than引出的是比較狀語從句，從句的結構應與前面的主句相符，所以A是答案。 5. none other than 不是別的，正是, 原來是It's none other than Jones. 不是別人，正是瓊斯。 6. no other than 1) 同none other than，但更強調物。 It's no other than my best friend Smith. 正是我的好朋友史密斯。2)（加強語氣用）只有；除外沒有The beaten enemy had no other choi

55、ce than to surrender. 被打敗的敵人只得投降。7 .other things being equal 如果其它條件情形都一樣_ , a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor. A) Other things being equal B) Were other things equalC) To be equal to other things D) Other things to be equal 答案A） 8. nothing more than (=only) 不強于，與一模一樣Changing