1、擰緊機資料之一雙錘式大型錘滾珠凸輪機構 Torque Readout Run down speed Two Hand Operation (angle wrenches)價錢適宜低過沖可反復性好運轉速度下降雙手操作本人讀力矩扭矩推桿馬達末端離合器彈簧離合器調理螺母螺絲起子準確噪音低清潔閉環(huán)反響人體工程學運轉本錢低可以與控制系統(tǒng)和BCRs銜接初始投資高扭矩反作用兩手操作擰緊戰(zhàn)略可維修性動力源數據采集結合處的危險程度預算緊固件通道扭矩等級循環(huán)速率緊固件和驅動方式人機工程學的運用反作用力，工具分量，力臂位置，頻率螺栓銜接的可靠性影響要素很多：緊固件質量和類型結合資料的一致性所用的工具安裝方法或戰(zhàn)略操

2、作人員的影響摩擦的傳送螺栓夾緊力的堅持工具和裝配方法的選擇應在設計過程中及早進展，這樣才最有效切真實實的檢查動態(tài)擰緊扭矩Works Only in Tapped Holes這種方法只適用于螺紋孔Time Consuming耗費時間聯絡Only Gives Assurance That Inspected Fastener Has Been Tightened只能確定檢測的緊固件曾經被擰緊Conditions收到操作者技藝程度和銜接條件的限制 Small Amount小幅度旋轉緊固件之后可以真實地檢測出動態(tài)扭矩Peak Static Torque靜態(tài)扭矩峰值Residual Torque Mea

3、sured Dynamically剩余扭矩的動態(tài)丈量“SnugTorque“事宜扭矩Capture Angle2 - 4角度做720度的旋轉(6.5的公差)。JOINT RATES AS DEFINED BY ISO 5393銜接率的定義由國際規(guī)范化組織銜接率的定義由國際規(guī)范化組織5393界定界定Joint rate highly effects the final clamp load achieved by a given torque銜接率對最后給定的夾負載力矩有很大的影響力銜接率對最后給定的夾負載力矩有很大的影響力Clamp Load (torque)Angle (Time)Clamp

4、 Load夾負荷夾負荷Angle-Self Locking 自鎖功能-Damaged Threads-Damaged 螺紋破損PrevailingTorque現行扭矩現行扭矩SNUGTLTHTC力臂力臂(Feet, Meters) 英尺、米英尺、米力力(Newtons, Pounds)牛頓牛頓, 英鎊英鎊扭矩扭矩 = 力力 x 力臂力臂角度90Tightening Threaded Fasteners is Basically an Energy Transfer Process 螺紋緊固件緊固過程主要是是能量轉移的過程Area Under Torque-Angle Curve is Prop

5、ortional to the Energy Required to Tighten the Fastener 扭矩角度曲線以下的面積與緊固件緊固所需的能量成正比。T = K d F T = Torque扭矩 d = Nominal Diameter名義直徑 F = Force力 K = Friction Factor 摩擦系數角度, q扭矩, T螺紋摩擦力夾緊力螺栓頭摩擦力扭矩螺栓頭摩擦力螺栓頭摩擦力 55%螺紋摩擦力螺紋摩擦力- 35%夾緊力夾緊力 - 10%JointRateientTorqueGradddT扭矩扭矩(夾緊力夾緊力)角度角度, qRundown破舊破舊Rundown: B

6、efore the bolt head/nut comes into full contact with bearing area在螺栓頭在螺栓頭/螺螺母完全接觸軸承區(qū)域之前母完全接觸軸承區(qū)域之前Plastic/Post-Yield塑性塑性/ 標桿標桿-效益效益Plastic/Post-Yield: Permanent deformation of fastener or possible yielding of threads, joint or gasket緊緊固件的永久變形或只是線程、固件的永久變形或只是線程、銜接或墊圈的構成銜接或墊圈的構成Elastic Clamping彈性夾緊彈性夾

7、緊Elastic Clamping: Constant torque/angle slope where energy is transferred from tool to assembly恒量扭矩恒量扭矩/斜斜率界定在能源問題轉移到裝率界定在能源問題轉移到裝配工具過程時配工具過程時Snug適宜適宜Snug: Fastener and joint mating surfaces are drawn into alignment 緊固件及銜接點表緊固件及銜接點表層要對齊層要對齊kdPT 扭矩扭矩(夾緊力夾緊力)角度角度, q扭矩控制擰緊扭矩控制擰緊Step 1: Apply a Torque

8、to Consolidate the JointComponents (Snug Torque) 第一步：施加扭矩來穩(wěn)定部件的銜接 Step 2: Turn the Fastener Through a Pre-determined Angle第二步:旋轉緊固件至預先設定的角度Originally Developed for Beyond Yield Tightening, Now Also Used in the Elastic Range最初是為了超出屈服區(qū)的擰緊,如今也用在彈性區(qū)內Requires Application Testing to Establish Snug Torque

9、and Angle Parameters 需求經過實驗建立適宜的轉矩和角參數Also known as: Turn of the Nut, Torque-Angle 也稱為:螺母旋轉法，扭矩-角度法Preload Accuracy 15%預緊力準確度15%角度控制kdPT 360pFpLow Angle Limit角度下線High Angle Limit角度上限Torque(Clamp Load)Angle, qkdTFp360ppFFused, the effect of constant preload v. angle is lost.條件允許時應盡量選用低的初始扭矩。而當運用一個高的初

10、始扭矩時,預緊力與轉角的恒定關系將不再有效。A low snug torque will also reduce the effects of torque scatter before the angle is counted. 低的初始扭矩也會減小轉角施加前的扭矩散失。When tightening in the plastic range of a fastener, variation in yield strength is also a factor.在緊固件塑性區(qū)內任務時，屈服強度的變化也是一個影響要素。屈服點控制屈服點控制 Preload Accuracy 8% 50% of

11、Peak Gradient50%的峰值梯度的峰值梯度Bolt Yield Point螺栓屈服點螺栓屈服點Torque(Clamp Load)夾負荷夾負荷Angle, qReduced Variation in Preload After Tightening:緊縮之后減少預負荷中的變形緊縮之后減少預負荷中的變形 PRELOAD, N,預負荷預負荷NThread線程線程GradeSizeRange8.810.912.98.810.912.94,4006,2007,3003.14.45.35,6007,6008,8004.367.27,20010,00012,2006.49119,20012,40

12、014,6008.7121510,20014,20016,10011141813,00017,60020,50015202418,60026,20031,40025374423,80032,20037,80036516029,80041,60050,00052738838,00051,20060,000719911943,40060,70072,9009212815654,40074,90087,70012717320759,40083,300100,00014420524475,600102,000120,00020028033582,500115,000,000228322383105,0

13、00141,000166,00031045052099,200,000167,000305430510127,000171,000201,000420595710Grade EXPECTED TORQUE, Nm預期的扭矩預期的扭矩,海里海里Clamp Load Scatter夾負荷分散精細力矩扳手精細力矩扳手M10氣動沖擊扳手氣動沖擊扳手M14氣動定扭氣動定扭矩扳手矩扳手M12電動扳手電動扳手屈服點控制屈服點控制M8 8%15%25%30 - 40%Joint May Not Be Critical Enough to Warrant its Cost 與所花的費用相比，接合不夠重要Shou

14、ld Not Use When:以下情況不能運用：Bolt Yield Strength Joint Compressive Strength螺栓屈服強度大于結合抗壓強度時Bolt Yields Somewhere Other Than Threads螺栓除螺紋以外的地方發(fā)生了屈服Head Shears螺栓頭掉了Nut Strips螺母的螺紋剝離Applications Where Frequent Disassembly is Required頻繁裝配的場所Joints With Unpredictable Stiffness Qualities銜接的強度不可預知If Yield is th

15、e Most Accurate, Why Not Always Use it?假設屈服點控制是最準確的假設屈服點控制是最準確的, 為什么不常用呢為什么不常用呢?FOUR MAJOR ERRORS DURING BOLT TIGHTENING :螺栓緊固中的四大錯：螺栓緊固中的四大錯： Human errors 人為操作錯誤 Tightening method errors 緊固方法不當 Improper tool errors 工具不適宜 Joint parts errors 銜接部位錯誤Forgot to tighten忘記擰緊Improper tools used運用了不恰當的工具Wron

16、g specifications規(guī)格錯誤Wrong tightening procedure緊固方法錯誤Wrong selection of tools工具的選取不當Inaccuracy 不準確Mechanical failure 機械缺點Out of parts tolerance超出了部件的接受力Bad material資料不好Insufficient lubrication光滑不充分CLASSIFICATION & CAUSE FOR LOOSENING OF BOLTS螺栓松動分類及緣由螺栓松動分類及緣由CHARACTERISTICS DIAGRAM OF DEFECTIVE

17、JOINT缺陷銜接特缺陷銜接特征圖征圖裝配過程中裝配過程中由以下方法判別由以下方法判別:錯誤種類錯誤種類 扭矩控制扭矩控制 扭矩控制帶扭矩控制帶 角度監(jiān)視角度監(jiān)視 屈服點控制帶屈服點控制帶 扭矩和角度監(jiān)視扭矩和角度監(jiān)視 Bolt too Soft(Low or high friction conditions)摩擦過大或過摩擦過大或過小小NOYESYESBolt too Soft(Normal Friction)摩擦適中摩擦適中NOUsually NOYESBolt too Hard螺栓過硬螺栓過硬NONOYESThread Fault(Friction High)摩擦過大摩擦過大NOYESY

18、ESCoating/ Lube Fault (Friction extremely Low)摩擦微乎其微摩擦微乎其微NOYESYESAngle, qTorque, TExpectedTorqueAngleTightening CyclesTorque High LimitTorque Low LimitAngle High LimitAngle Low LimitAngle, qTorque, TExpectedTorqueAngleTightening CyclesTorque High LimitTorque Low LimitAngle High LimitAngle Low Limit

19、Angle, qTorque, TTorqueAngleTightening CyclesTorque High LimitTorque Low LimitAngle High LimitAngle Low LimitExpectedAngle, qTorque, TTorqueAngleTightening CyclesTorque High LimitTorque Low LimitAngle High LimitAngle Low LimitExpectedAngle, qTorque, TTorqueAngleTightening CyclesTorque High LimitTorq

20、ue Low LimitAngle High LimitAngle Low LimitExpectedAngle, qTorque, TTorqueAngleTightening CyclesTorque High LimitTorque Low LimitAngle High LimitAngle Low LimitExpectedAngle, qTorque, TEffect on Torque/Angle End of Cycle Data:扭矩扭矩/角最終的循環(huán)數據的作用角最終的循環(huán)數據的作用:TorqueAngleTightening CyclesTorque High LimitAngle High LimitAngle Low LimitTorque Low LimitAll final cycle data is good一一切的數據是有效的切的數據是有效的Expected期望Findings:Nuts yielded at Avera