1、Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page0修訂記錄課程編碼課程編碼適用產品適用產品產品版本產品版本課程版本課程版本ISSUEDC212003ALLALL1.00開發開發/優化優化者者時間時間審核人審核人開發類型（新開發開發類型（新開發/優優化）化）王軍2010-3-10劉志根新開發本頁不打印Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. 理解OSPF鄰居與鄰接關系Copyright 2009 Huawei Tec

2、hnologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2前 言本課程介紹OSPF鄰居和鄰接的概念。為了交換鏈路狀態信息以及路由信息，OSPF路由器之間首先要建立鄰接關系。Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page3培訓目標學完本課程后，您應該能：l理解OSPF鄰居和鄰接的概念l理解OSPF中DR和BDR的概念l理解DR和BDR的選舉Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

3、Page4鄰居（Neighbor）和鄰接（Adjacency）Ethernet10.1.1.110.1.1.210.1.1.310.1.1.4RTA我有三個鄰居Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page5OSPF支持的網絡類型點到點和廣播型PPP10.1.1.120.1.1.1點到點網絡點到點網絡Ethernet10.1.1.110.1.1.210.1.1.310.1.1.4廣播型網絡廣播型網絡Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rig

4、hts reserved. Page6OSPF支持的網絡類型NBMA網絡ATM10.1.1.110.1.1.210.1.1.3VPI/VCI=0/102VPI/VCI=0/103VPI/VCI=0/201VPI/VCI=0/3010/2030/302非廣播網絡非廣播多路訪問（非廣播網絡非廣播多路訪問（NBMA）全連接ATM網絡Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page7OSPF支持的網絡類型點到多點類型FR10.1.1.110.1.1.210.1.1.3DLCI = 102DLCI = 103DL

5、CI = 201DLCI = 301非廣播網絡點到多點（非廣播網絡點到多點（Point-to-MultiPoint）不完全連接的幀中繼網絡Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page8常見鏈路層協議對應的默認網絡類型網絡類型網絡類型常見鏈路層協議常見鏈路層協議Point-to-pointPPP鏈路；LAPB鏈路；HDLC鏈路；Broadcast以太網鏈路；NBMA幀中繼鏈路；ATM鏈路Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights re

6、served. Page9虛連接（Virtual Link）Area 0Area 1Area 2RTARTB配置虛連接以使RTB連接到骨干區域Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page10端口狀態變換點到點、點到多點網段和虛連接UnloopIndInterfaceUpDownP-to-PLoopbackCopyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page11DR和BDREthernet10.1.1.110.1.

7、1.210.1.1.310.1.1.4RTABDRDR我有三個鄰居，但是只有兩個鄰接Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page12選舉DR和BDREthernet10.1.1.310.1.1.210.1.1.190BDRDR100120Router Priority最大的路由器不一定是DR/BDR圖中數字表示該端口的圖中數字表示該端口的Router PriorityCopyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. P

8、age13配置Router PriorityRTBinterface Ethernet 0/0RTB-Ethernet0/0ospf dr-priority 100RTB-Ethernet0/0quitRTBEthernet10.1.1.310.1.1.210.1.1.190RTADR100120BDRRTBRTC圖中數字表示該端口的圖中數字表示該端口的Router PriorityCopyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page14端口狀態變換廣播型網段和NBMA網段DownWaitingBackup

9、DROtherDR?UnloopIndInterfaceUpWaitTimerBackupSeenNeighbor ChangeNeighbor ChangeNeighbor ChangeLoopbackCopyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page15是否和鄰居建立鄰接關系網絡類型網絡類型是否和鄰居建立鄰接關系是否和鄰居建立鄰接關系Point-to-point總是和鄰居建立鄰接關系Point-to-MultiPoint總是和鄰居建立鄰接關系Virtual link總是和鄰居建立鄰接關系Broadca

10、stNBMADR總是和其他所有路由器包括BDR建立鄰接關系；BDR總是和其他所有路由器包括DR建立鄰接關系；處于DROther端口狀態的路由器只與DR和BDR建立鄰接關系Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page16配置NBMA網絡Area 1FR-SW10.1.1.1/2410.1.1.2/2410.1.1.3/24DLCI = 102DLCI = 103DLCI = 201DLCI = 301DLCI = 203DLCI = 302RTALoopback02.2.2.2/32Loopback0

11、3.3.3.3/32RTBRTCLoopback01.1.1.1/32S1/0S1/0S1/0RTArouter id 1.1.1.1 RTAospf RTA-ospf-1peer 10.1.1.2 RTA-ospf-1peer 10.1.1.3 RTA-ospf-1area 1RTA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 RTA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255RTA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1returnCopyright 2009 Huawei Technologies

12、Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page17配置NBMA網絡Area 1FR-SW10.1.1.1/2410.1.1.2/2410.1.1.3/24DLCI = 102DLCI = 103DLCI = 201DLCI = 301DLCI = 203DLCI = 302RTALoopback02.2.2.2/32Loopback03.3.3.3/32RTBRTCLoopback01.1.1.1/32S1/0S1/0S1/0RTBrouter id 2.2.2.2RTBospfRTB-ospf-1peer 10.1.1.1RTB-ospf-1peer 10.1.1.3

13、RTB-ospf-1area 1RTB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0RTB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255RTB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1returnCopyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page18配置NBMA網絡Area 1FR-SW10.1.1.1/2410.1.1.2/2410.1.1.3/24DLCI = 102DLCI = 103DLCI = 201DLCI =

14、 301DLCI = 203DLCI = 302RTALoopback02.2.2.2/32Loopback03.3.3.3/32RTBRTCLoopback01.1.1.1/32S1/0S1/0S1/0RTCrouter id 3.3.3.3RTCospf RTC-ospf-1peer 10.1.1.1RTC-ospf-1peer 10.1.1.2RTC-ospf-1area 1RTC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0RTC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255RTC-ospf-1-ar

15、ea-0.0.0.1returnCopyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page19配置NBMA網絡驗證路由表RTAdisplay ip routing-table Routing Table: public netDestination/Mask Protocol Pre Cost Nexthop Interface1.1.1.1/32 DIRECT 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack02.2.2.2/32 OSPF 10 1563 10.1.1.2 Serial1/0 3.3.3.3/

16、32 OSPF 10 1563 10.1.1.3 Serial1/0 10.1.1.0/24 DIRECT 0 0 10.1.1.1 Serial1/0 10.1.1.1/32 DIRECT 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack010.1.1.2/32 DIRECT 0 0 10.1.1.2 Serial1/0 10.1.1.3/32 DIRECT 0 0 10.1.1.3 Serial1/0 127.0.0.0/8 DIRECT 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.0.0.1/32 DIRECT 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0Copyri

17、ght 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page20配置NBMA網絡驗證OSPF端口信息RTAdisplay ospf interface Serial 1/0 OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1 Interfaces Interface: 10.1.1.1 (Serial1/0) Cost: 1562 State: DROther Type: NBMA Priority: 1 Designated Router: 10.1.1.3 Backup Designated Rou

18、ter: 10.1.1.2 Timers: Hello 30, Dead 120, Poll 120, Retransmit 5, Transmit Delay 1Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page21配置點到多點網絡FR-SW10.1.1.1/2410.1.1.2/2410.1.1.3/24DLCI = 102DLCI = 103DLCI = 201DLCI = 301RTAArea 1Loopback02.2.2.2/32Loopback03.3.3.3/32RTBRTCLoopbac

19、k01.1.1.1/32S1/0S1/0S1/0RTArouter id 1.1.1.1RTAospf RTA-ospf-1area 1RTA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0RTA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255RTAinterface Serial 1/0RTA-Serial1/0ospf network-type p2mpRTA-Serial1/0returnCopyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights rese

20、rved. Page22配置點到多點網絡FR-SW10.1.1.1/2410.1.1.2/2410.1.1.3/24DLCI = 102DLCI = 103DLCI = 201DLCI = 301RTAArea 1Loopback02.2.2.2/32Loopback03.3.3.3/32RTBRTCLoopback01.1.1.1/32S1/0S1/0S1/0RTBrouter id 2.2.2.2RTBospf RTB-ospf-1area 1RTB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0RTB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1netwo

21、rk 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255RTBinterface Serial 1/0RTB-Serial1/0ospf network-type p2mp RTB-Serial1/0returnCopyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page23配置點到多點網絡FR-SW10.1.1.1/2410.1.1.2/2410.1.1.3/24DLCI = 102DLCI = 103DLCI = 201DLCI = 301RTAArea 1Loopback02.2.2.2/32Loopback03.3.3.

22、3/32RTBRTCLoopback01.1.1.1/32S1/0S1/0S1/0RTCrouter id 3.3.3.3RTCospf RTC-ospf-1area 1RTC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0RTC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255RTCinterface Serial 1/0RTC-Serial1/0ospf network-type p2mp RTC-Serial1/0returnCopyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Lt

23、d. All rights reserved. Page24配置點到多點網絡驗證路由表RTCdisplay ip routing-table Routing Table: public netDestination/Mask Protocol Pre Cost Nexthop Interface1.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 1563 10.1.1.1 Serial1/0 2.2.2.2/32 OSPF 10 3125 10.1.1.1 Serial1/0 3.3.3.3/32 DIRECT 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack010.1.1.0/24 DIRECT 0 0

24、10.1.1.3 Serial1/0 10.1.1.1/32 DIRECT 0 0 10.1.1.1 Serial1/0 10.1.1.2/32 OSPF 10 3124 10.1.1.1 Serial1/0 10.1.1.3/32 DIRECT 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.0.0.0/8 DIRECT 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.0.0.1/32 DIRECT 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserv

25、ed. Page25配置點到多點網絡驗證OSPF端口信息RTCdisplay ospf interface Serial 1/0 OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 3.3.3.3 Interfaces Interface: 10.1.1.3 (Serial1/0) Cost: 1562 State: PtoP Type: PointToMultiPoint Priority: 1 Timers: Hello 30, Dead 120, Poll 120, Retransmit 5, Transmit Delay 1Copyright 2009 Huawei Techn

26、ologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page26配置虛連接Area 1Area 0Area 2RTALoopback0RTCRTD2.2.2.2/32Loopback01.1.1.1/32RTBE0/010.1.1.0/24E0/0.2.1Loopback03.3.3.3/32Loopback04.4.4.4/32E0/110.1.2.0/24.1.2E0/0E0/1E0/010.1.3.0/24.1.2RTArouter id 1.1.1.1RTAospf RTA-ospf-1area 0RTA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0network

27、1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0RTA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255RTA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0returnCopyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page27配置虛連接Area 1Area 0Area 2RTALoopback0RTCRTD2.2.2.2/32Loopback01.1.1.1/32RTBE0/010.1.1.0/24E0/0.2.1Loopback03.3.3.3/32Loopback04.4.4.4/32E

28、0/110.1.2.0/24.1.2E0/0E0/1E0/010.1.3.0/24.1.2RTBrouter id 2.2.2.2RTBospf RTB-ospf-1area 0 RTB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0RTB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255RTB-ospf-1area 1RTB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1network 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.255RTB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1vlink-peer 3.3.3.3 RTB-ospf

29、-1-area-0.0.0.1returnCopyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page28配置虛連接Area 1Area 0Area 2RTALoopback0RTCRTD2.2.2.2/32Loopback01.1.1.1/32RTBE0/010.1.1.0/24E0/0.2.1Loopback03.3.3.3/32Loopback04.4.4.4/32E0/110.1.2.0/24.1.2E0/0E0/1E0/010.1.3.0/24.1.2RTCrouter id 3.3.3.3RTCospf

30、 RTC-ospf-1area 1RTC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1network 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.255RTC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1vlink-peer 2.2.2.2RTC-ospf-1area 2RTC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0RTC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2network 10.1.3.0 0.0.0.255RTC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2returnCopyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All righ

31、ts reserved. Page29配置虛連接Area 1Area 0Area 2RTALoopback0RTCRTD2.2.2.2/32Loopback01.1.1.1/32RTBE0/010.1.1.0/24E0/0.2.1Loopback03.3.3.3/32Loopback04.4.4.4/32E0/110.1.2.0/24.1.2E0/0E0/1E0/010.1.3.0/24.1.2RTDrouter id 4.4.4.4RTDospf RTD-ospf-1area 2RTD-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0RTD-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2network 10.1.3.0 0.0.0.255RTD-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2returnCopyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page30配置虛連接驗證路由表R