1、專題八動詞第一節(jié)動詞的分類及辨析,中考五年命題規(guī)律及趨勢考查點(diǎn)年份題號考查角度選項設(shè)置分值動詞詞義辨析202043實義動詞詞義辨析smiled/talked/cried1.5分202042實義動詞詞義辨析bought/ordered/made1.5分44實義動詞詞義辨析spend/cost/pay1.5分50實義動詞詞義辨析walked/stood/shouted1.5分202022實義動詞詞義辨析visited/called/found1分44實義動詞詞義辨析thanked/argued/loved1.5分202025實義動詞詞義辨析agreed/refused/replied1分43感官動

2、詞詞義辨析watch/see/look1.5分45實義動詞詞義辨析keeping/losing/improving1.5分47實義動詞辨析takes/spends/costs1.5分202022實義動詞詞義辨析by/catch/get1分31實義動詞詞義辨析take/spend/save1分41實義動詞詞義辨析dreamed/changed/learned1.5分43實義動詞詞義辨析to_make/to realized/to achieve1.5分48實義動詞詞義辨析had/let/kept1.5分遵義中考單項選擇對動詞的考查主要涉及動詞(包括實義動詞和感官動詞)、動詞短語、情態(tài)動詞、非謂語

3、動詞(只考查動詞不定式)。完形填空中也涉及實義動詞詞義辨析，而語篇填空、單詞拼寫、改錯題中對動詞的考查主要是和時態(tài)，語法及非謂語動詞結(jié)合。預(yù)計2020年中考單選仍會從動詞短語、情態(tài)動詞、動詞不定式方面來考查。完形填空主要考查動詞詞義辨析。,遵義中考重難點(diǎn)突破動詞的分類實義動詞是否接賓語及物動詞不及物動詞是否延續(xù)性延續(xù)性動詞短暫性動詞系動詞助動詞情態(tài)動詞動詞分類【考點(diǎn)搶測】()1._ everyone here today？now let's begin the meeting.abebarecis()2.he _ pale at the meeting this morning.ago

4、t blooked cturned()3.i _ go to bed until i finished my work.adon't bdid cdidn't()4.he _ an english club last year and has made great progress in english.aprotected bproduced cjoined()5.i will meet jane at the station.please _ what time she will arrive.acount bchose ccheck()6.it is helpful to

5、 _ a good habit of reading in language learning.atake bshow cdevelop【滿分點(diǎn)撥】動詞按照含義及它們在句中的作用分為4類，即行為動詞，也稱實義動詞，(連)系動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞。情態(tài)動詞將在第三節(jié)中具體講解。遵義中考側(cè)重于實義動詞的考查，偶爾也涉及感官動詞的辨析。動詞作為句子的核心成分，學(xué)生應(yīng)重點(diǎn)掌握。1動詞的分類(1)實義動詞的用法(及物動詞與不及物動詞)實義動詞是能獨(dú)立作謂語的動詞。按其是否跟賓語分為及物動詞(vt.)和不及物動詞(vi.)。及物動詞及物動詞本身意義不完整，需要接賓語才能使其意思表達(dá)完整，如reach，as

6、k，return，love，need。具體用法為：動詞賓語。如：he reached canada yesterday.他昨天到達(dá)加拿大。動詞賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：they asked me to go fishing with them.他們讓我一起去釣魚。i saw the children play in the park yesterday.昨天我看見孩子們在公園里玩。注意：帶省略to的不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的常考動詞有：make，let，have，see，watch，notice，hear等。動詞間接賓語直接賓語。如：i will return the storybook to him

7、.我準(zhǔn)備把故事書還給他。注意：帶雙賓語的常考動詞有：give，bring，buy，get，leave，lend，make，offer，pass，teach，tell，reach，return等。不及物動詞不及物動詞本身意思完整，無須接賓語，構(gòu)成“主語謂語”的句型，如swim，come，go，run，travel等；如后面接賓語，必須與介詞連用。如：lucy is swimming.露西正在游泳。i am waiting for you at the school gate.我正在校門口等你。有些動詞既可作及物動詞，又可作不及物動詞。如：we study english.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。(及物)w

8、e study hard.我們學(xué)習(xí)努力。(不及物)(2)系動詞的用法系動詞本身沒有詞義，不能單獨(dú)作謂語，必須和表語一起構(gòu)成謂語，說明主語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征或身份。如：the food tastes delicious.那食物嘗起來好吃。常考系動詞的分類類別功能例詞表示狀態(tài)表示主語所處的狀態(tài)am，is，are，was，were表示持續(xù)表示主語繼續(xù)或保持某種身份和狀態(tài)keep，remain，stay，stand，lie表示感官表示人體感官的系動詞look，feel，smell，taste，sound表示狀態(tài)變化表示主語從一種狀態(tài)變換到另一種狀態(tài)become，get，go，grow，turn常見用法

9、的注意事項：一般情況下，系動詞沒有被動語態(tài)形式。表示狀態(tài)的系動詞一般不用于進(jìn)行時(feel除外)；變化系動詞表示“漸漸”，可用于進(jìn)行時。如：it's getting warmer and warmer.天氣漸漸變得暖和。(3)助動詞的用法助動詞本身沒有意義或意義不完全，不能單獨(dú)用作謂語。助動詞在句中與實義動詞或系動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語，以表示時態(tài)、語態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)。此外，還可以用來構(gòu)成否定、疑問或強(qiáng)調(diào)的句型。具體用法見下表：分類作用beam/is/are現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時was/were現(xiàn)在分詞過去進(jìn)行時be過去分詞被動語態(tài)do形式有do，does，did，用于構(gòu)成疑問句和否定句，或用在動詞前

10、加強(qiáng)語氣havehave/has過去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時had過去分詞過去完成時havebeen現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時will/shallwill/shall動詞原形一般將來時would/should動詞原形過去將來時【易錯點(diǎn)提醒】will，would，shall，should除了表示單純的將來時間以外，更多的是用作情態(tài)動詞。(4)情態(tài)動詞的用法(具體用法和習(xí)題詳見本專題的第三節(jié)情態(tài)動詞)2動詞的基本形式英語動詞有五種基本形式，即：動詞原形、第三人稱單數(shù)(現(xiàn)在時)、過去式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。規(guī)則動詞的三種變化規(guī)律如下表：動詞的結(jié)構(gòu)第三人稱單數(shù)過去式/分詞現(xiàn)在分詞一般情況v.s(works，read

11、s)v.ed(stayed)v.ing(doing)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾動詞v.s(comes)v.d(moved)去e，再ing(moving)一個元音字母一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀音節(jié)v.s(plans stops)雙寫輔音字母，再加ed(planned)雙寫輔音字母，再ing(stopping)特殊情況以x、s、z、ch、sh、o結(jié)尾動詞，v.es(goes)以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的動詞，改y為i，再ed(studied)以ie結(jié)尾的動詞，改ie為y，再ing(lying)動詞辨析【考點(diǎn)搶測】一、詞語運(yùn)用joinwearsmellcost1we need to buy a computer that

12、_ least and has the best quality.2why are you _ a t­shirt？you'll probably catch a cold in this very cold weather.3mum，this kind of fruit _ nice.i'd like to taste one.二、單項選擇()4.you are _ to type quickly when talking to each other on qq so the other person doesn't get bored.asuggested

13、 bsupported csupposed()5.his family are worried about him because they haven't _ letters from him for a long time.aaccepted breceived cwritten()6.daisy is such a good daughter that she _ most of her spare time with her parents.aspends bcosts ctakes()7.don't forget to _ “thank you！”when someo

14、ne helps you.atalk btell csay()8.the roof of the house needs repairing.it's raining now.you'd better get something to _ rain drops.acontrol bcover ccatch()9.oh，it _ so nice.what beautiful music it is!asmells bsounds ctastes【滿分點(diǎn)撥】分析遵義近幾年的中考真題不難看出動詞辨析是遵義中考的一個必考點(diǎn)。主要涉及實義動詞辨析，感官動詞辨析等。這種題目多會在單選和完形

15、填空中出現(xiàn)。第二節(jié)動詞短語,中考五年命題規(guī)律及趨勢考查點(diǎn)年份題號考查角度選項設(shè)置分值動詞短語202031set短語辨析set out/set off/set_up1分37動詞短語辨析picked_him_up/cheered him up/put him up1.5分40make短語辨析making sure of/making_fun_of/making up of1.5分202021動詞及動詞短語辨析call in/give a ring for/telephone1分23動詞短語辨析found_out/knew about/looked for1分24動詞短語辨析break his wo

16、rd/keep_his_promise/close his mouth1分34put短語辨析put_it_down/put it off/put it out1分43動詞短語辨析waiting_for/waiting in/waiting1.5分46動詞短語辨析argue about/argue for/argue_with1.5分202030break短語辨析broken_down/broke off/broke up1分202021動詞短語辨析lose money/make_money/spend money1分22動詞短語辨析majors_in/deals with/does well

17、in1分31動詞短語辨析make_sure/find out/think of1分36動詞短語辨析took off/took_away/took after1分41動詞短語辨析thinks out/thinks_about/thinks over1.5分遵義中考單項選擇題及完形填空題對動詞短語的考查主要偏向take，set，put，break，make短語等。考查形式主要集中在三個方面：同一動詞不同介詞，如2020年31和40題的set和make短語，2020年35題的put短語；不同動詞同一介詞/名詞，如：2020年第37題的up短語以及2020年21題的money短語；不同動詞不同介詞，如

18、2020年的23題。設(shè)題形式為簡單句。預(yù)測2020年遵義中考的單項填空題和完形填空題會考查動詞短語辨析。,遵義中考重難點(diǎn)突破【考點(diǎn)搶測】()1.it's hot today，isn't it?yes，it is.why not _ your jacket?atake carebtake placectake off()2.to keep healthy，many people _ every day.atake a shower btake pridectake exercise()3.i have _ my watch everywhere.but i cannot find

19、 it.alooked overblooked upclooked for()4.there aren't many tickets left for the concert，so you'd better _ that you get one today.amake sure ofbmake a decisioncmake sure()5.the firemen soon _ the big fire.aput off bput up cput out()6.the olympic games of 2020 will _ in brazil.atake afterbtake

20、 offctake place()7.we'll _ an english play snow white during this year's art festival.alook up bput off cput on()8.my bike is broken.could you help me to _？afix it up bset it upcmake it up()9.the heavy snow _ the sports meeting，we have to _ the meeting.apaid attention to；take offbdecided on；

21、get offcmade a difference to；put off()10.alice，could you help me _ the meat？i want to make some dumplings.ok.i'll do it right away.aput up bgive up ccut up()11.don't _ so often.it's bad for your health.aget up bstay up clook up()12.he failed in the math test and looks sad.let's _.apu

22、t him up bset him upccheer him up()13.more and more students _ too much homework and they are really tired of it.acomplain aboutbcare aboutclearn about()14.the people in ya'an have met lots of difficulties，but they haven't _ hope.apicked up bgiven upclooked for()15.i am too tired.i don't

23、 know how to _ the problem.acare about bdeal withcdepend on【滿分點(diǎn)撥】動詞短語在意義上相當(dāng)于一個實義動詞。動詞短語辨析是近年來各省市中考常考點(diǎn)。動詞短語的詞義辨析試題旨在通過題干或微型語境考查考生對上下文的理解、動詞短語的不同搭配識別、記憶及動詞短語詞義的辨析并恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用動詞短語的能力。分析遵義近5年中考真題可看出單項選擇及完形填空對動詞短語的考查主要集中在三方面：(1)同一動詞不同介詞/副詞。如：get短語：get up，get off，get to，get inturn短語：turn on，turn off，turn up，turn

24、 down(2)不同動詞同一介詞/副詞。如：cut down，look down，turn down，put downput up，get up，look up，wake up(3)不同動詞不同介詞/副詞。如：put on，take off，look for，cut down第三節(jié)情態(tài)動詞,中考五年命題規(guī)律及趨勢考查點(diǎn)年份題號考查角度選項設(shè)置分值情態(tài)動詞基本用法202030can't的用法can't/needn't/couldn't1分202030have to的用法can/may/have_to1分202033have to的否定用法you mustn'

25、;t/you_don't_have_to/you can't1分情態(tài)動詞表推測202037can't表示否定推測must not/may not/can't1分202029can't表示否定推測may/mustn't/can't1分情態(tài)動詞為遵義歷年的必考點(diǎn)，主要為其基本用法和否定推測，如：have to表示“不得不”，don't have to表示沒必要，can't表否定推測和不能。特別是must的各種用法，如：must表肯定推測和強(qiáng)制命令。尤其注意在have to和must的問句中，肯定回答用must，否定回答用nee

26、dn't或don't have to。may的問句中否定回答用can't或mustn't。同時，也涉及情態(tài)動詞在被動語態(tài)中的運(yùn)用。設(shè)題形式多為單句或?qū)υ捫问健ｎA(yù)計2020年遵義中考的單項選擇題會出現(xiàn)一道考查情態(tài)動詞基本用法的題，且偏向考查must的用法及其問句的答語。,遵義中考重難點(diǎn)突破【考點(diǎn)搶測】()1._ you sing an english song?yes，i can.acanbmaycmust()2.there's only one day to go.you _ finish your schoolwork by tomorrow.acan

27、 bwill cmust()3.excuse me，sir.you _ open the door before the train stops.amustn't bneedn't cmay not()4.honey，stay home before i return.i _，mum.amust bcan cwill()5.it _ be my book.my book has a signature of mine.aneedn't bmustn't ccan't()6.that t­shirt _ be expensive because

28、it's designed by a famous designer.acan't bmustn't cmust()7.i've headache.what _ i do?you _ stay at home and rest.ashould；had betterbmust；cancmight；must()8.what will you _ do in the future?acan bbe able tocmay()9.must he look after you?no，he _amustn't bdon't have tocneedn'

29、;t【滿分點(diǎn)撥】情態(tài)動詞有一定的詞義，本身并不表示動作或狀態(tài)，而僅僅表達(dá)說話人的態(tài)度。它在句中須和實意動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。常見情態(tài)動詞的用法情態(tài)動詞用法例句can表示能力，意為“能、會”sam can speak english well.sam英語講得很好。表示推測，意為“可能”，常用于否定句和疑問句she can't be at home now because i saw her out.她現(xiàn)在不可能在家，因為我看見她出去了。表示請求、允許，意為“可以”can i borrow your bike？我能借你的自行車嗎？couldcan的過去式，意為“能、會”，表示過去的能力lang

30、 lang could play the piano well when he was young.郎朗很小的時候鋼琴就彈得非常好。在疑問句中表示委婉的請求could i have one cup of tea？我可以要一杯茶嗎？must表示主觀看法，意為“必須、應(yīng)該”you must finish your homework first！你首先必須完成你的家庭作業(yè)！表示有把握的推測，用于肯定句，表示“一定”the coat must be mary's.這個大衣肯定是瑪麗的。should/ought to意為“應(yīng)該”，表示要求和命令，也可以表示勸告或建議we should prote

31、ct the air fresh.我們應(yīng)該保持空氣清新。you ought to teach them carefully.你應(yīng)該耐心地教導(dǎo)他們。may表示請求、許可，意為“可以”you may sit here if you want.如果你想的話，你可以坐在這兒。表示推測，常用于肯定句，意為“可能，也許”she may come back tom­orrow.她可能明天回來。mightmay的過去式he asked if he might go home.他問是否他可以回家了。表示請求、許可，語氣比may更委婉might i smoke here？我可以在這里吸煙嗎？表示推測(肯

32、定句)，“可能、也許”(可能性比may小)it might rain tomorrow.明天可能有雨。need表示需要、必須，主要用于否定句和疑問句中you needn't say sorry to him.你不需要對他說對不起。情態(tài)動詞的其他用法一、must和have tohave to表示因外部因素而使得某人“不得不”；must表示主觀上感到“有必要”。此外，must只有一般現(xiàn)在時，表示“過去”通常用had to，表示將來要用will have to。have/has/had to動詞原形，在改否定句或疑問句時要外加助動詞do/does/did。如：does she have to stay at home and look after her sick mother？她得待在家里照顧她生病的媽媽嗎？must i go there with you？我必須和你去那兒嗎？二、can和be able to兩者表“能力”時用法相同，但can只有現(xiàn)在式can和過去式could兩種形式，其他時態(tài)要用be able to來表示。另外，be able to常常有“做成了某事”的意味。jim can't speak chinese.吉姆不會說中文。we will be able